Journal of Friction and Wear最新文献

{"title":"Nanostructurizing Surface Layer for Improving the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Roller Knives","authors":"S. A. Shasherina,&nbsp;M. A. Skotnikova","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700017","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work is devoted to studying roller knives made of Kh12MF tool grade steel with a nickel–copper coating applied by means of diffusion alloying and a subsequent intensive plastic deformation (IPD) under contact stresses ranging from 3.0 to 4.5 GPa. In the course of the studies, such methods as optical and transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction and microrentgenospectral analysis have been used. Tribological and corrosion testing, as well as microhardness and roughness measurements have been carried out. It is shown that after applying Ni–Cu coating and IPD at a stress of 3.5 GPa, not only a twofold decrease in the coefficient of friction, 2.1-fold decrease in wear level, 2.5-fold decrease in the roughness of the roller surface, as to compare to uncoated steel, but also an increase in the seizure load up to 1400 N have been observed. At the same time, a dislocation substructure has been formed in the coating with a minimum size of coherent scattering regions amounting to 23 nm and a maximum level of crystal lattice microdeformation being of 1.25%, which indicats the presence of large elastic distortions in the crystal lattice. The transverse size of dislocation subgrains (small zones inside the crystalline grains separated by small-angle boundaries consisting of dislocation grids formed during the deformation and development of an internal substructure) ranging from 35 to 47 nm exhibit a fivefold decrease times as to compare to the initial state (200–256 nm). In a high-resolution mode, the presence of predominantly small-angle boundaries in the coating structure having a greater penetrating ability for redistributing the alloying elements has been observed. It can be assumed that chromium contained in Kh12MF grade steel, staying in solid solution, is redistributed along the small-angle dislocation boundaries of the elongated polygonized nanostructure. The increase in the concentration of Cr in the coating, as to compare to the initial state, provides an increase in its relative resistance with respect to wear and corrosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"351 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Microarc Oxidation Technology to Increase the Durability of Parts of Friction Units of Oil Production Equipment","authors":"I. I. Zlotnikov,&nbsp;A. B. Nevzorova,&nbsp;T. V. Atvinovskaya","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700078","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article is devoted to the study of the prospects of using aluminum alloy parts with an oxide-ceramic coating applied to the friction surface by the method of microarc oxidation in friction units operating due to lubrication by the liquid medium in which they operate or which is pumped by this mechanism. Such mechanisms and friction units include elements of pumping and compressor equipment used in the oilfield industry (shut-off valves, parts of centrifugal, vane, slide, gear and other pumps, and some threaded connections). In this situation, the coupled friction surfaces are constantly lubricated by the working medium (water, oil, water–oil emulsions). Tribotechnical tests were carried out on a laboratory installation, the friction unit of which consisted of a rotating roller made of aluminum alloy of the AMg6 brand and a tape made of aluminum foil of the AD1 brand with a thickness of 100 microns sliding along it. An oxide-ceramic coating was applied to both parts by microarc oxidation. A solution containing liquid glass in the amount of 13 g/L and potassium hydroxide in the amount of 2.5 g/L was used as the electrolyte. The oxidation process was carried out in a symmetrical anode-cathode mode using industrial alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz at a constant current density of 6 A/dm² to a final voltage of 400 V. Laboratory tests have shown that aluminum alloy parts with an oxide-ceramic coating can be successfully used in friction units characterized by low contact pressures and sliding speeds. At the same time, the very high corrosion resistance of oxide-ceramic coatings protects friction units from the effects of aggressive media (reservoir water with increased mineralization, water-oil emulsions containing hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide), as well as from abrasive particles always present in the extracted and accompanying fluids. The use of aluminum alloys in friction units with a surface hardened by microarc oxidation will reduce the weight of pumping and compressor equipment, for example, submersible multistage pumping units, which reduces the cost of lifting operations, and will also improve the operational reliability and durability of oilfield pumping and compressor equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"397 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Cluster Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals to Measure Wear in Sliding Friction Units","authors":"I. I. Rastegaeva,&nbsp;I. A. Rastegaev,&nbsp;D. L. Merson","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700066","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new approach to measuring wear in sliding friction units based on the use of cluster analysis of acoustic emission signals accompanying the operation of the triboassembly is proposed and experimentally investigated. A special feature of the proposed approach is that the contribution of each mechanism of damage to the friction unit, which is identified in a multidimensional field of acoustic emission features with a time reference for their manifestation, is considered in the total wear, which makes it possible to trace the dynamics of wear of the friction unit directly during observation (measurement). The study was conducted by comparing the use of two promising threshold-free clustering algorithms for acoustic data relative to the standard amplitude threshold method for detecting and identifying acoustic emission events, which allowed us to gain an idea of the advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with the current level of development of this type of technology. The results have shown that the use of multiparametric cluster analysis to detect the type of damage (wear) mechanism allows for at least 45% increase in the probability of detection of friction surfaces setting compared to the amplitude threshold method, while maintaining the probability of scuffing detection at the same level. It has been found that the proposed approach makes it possible to estimate wear without stopping the friction unit operation with an average discrepancy in the wear assessment between the proposed and alternative methods for measuring wear at an average level of 16% throughout the measurements. The results obtained allow us to consider the proposed approach as a promising on-line method for acoustic emission diagnostics and monitoring of the technical condition of sliding friction units.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"386 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Technological Parameters on the Gearing Service Life","authors":"V. P. Sokolova,&nbsp;E. A. Tarasenko,&nbsp;G. V. Tsvetkova,&nbsp;G. V. Ivanova","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700091","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the gear transmission of a two-stage gearbox as a tribological system whose performance is determined by friction conditions and the contact fatigue endurance of the tooth surfaces. The geometric parameters of the transmission were calculated and contact and bending stresses were analyzed using the APM WinMachine software package. It was shown that when using steel 45 with heat treatment—hardening with high tempering, the acting contact stresses reach the maximum permissible values, which leads to intensive wear and a short transmission life. To improve durability, it is proposed to replace the gear pinion and wheel material with 20CrNi structural alloy steel with a chemical-thermal carburization treatment, which reduces the relative level of contact stresses and increases contact endurance. An analysis of the influence of loading cycle parameters on the contact and bending stresses determining the nature of tooth wear is conducted. It is shown that for cemented gears, the calculated fatigue stresses do not depend on the cycle parameters, which indicates increased stability of the tribological characteristics of the transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"406 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Dependence of Friction Coefficients of Antifriction Materials Based on Silver on Ambient Pressure in Vacuum","authors":"V. B. Balyakin,&nbsp;D. E. Dolgikh","doi":"10.3103/S106836662670008X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106836662670008X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a method for determining the friction coefficients of an antifriction coating based on silver with the addition of molybdenum disulfide or graphite in vacuum. The method for determining the coefficients of friction is implemented at a vacuum tribometer. The dependences of the friction coefficients in the contacting pair consisting of steel ShKh-15 and an antifriction coating based on silver with the addition of molybdenum disulfide and, in another case, graphite, were obtained depending on the ambient pressure. The values of the average friction coefficient in a pair of a ball made of ShKh-15 steel and a ring with an antifriction coating containing 94% silver and 6% molybdenum disulfide were obtained to be 0.114 with a standard deviation of 0.012 and 0.168 with a standard deviation of 0.01 at an atmospheric pressure of 1000 and 0.03 mbar, respectively. For the antifriction material based on silver with the addition of 6% graphite, the friction coefficient varies from 0.144 to 0.26 as the pressure changes from 1000 up to 0.03 mbar. Analytical dependences of the friction coefficient for both antifriction materials on the height of ascent in the atmosphere have been obtained, which will make it possible to develop the procedure for calculating spherical articulated bearings for high-altitude aircraft.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"402 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of sp2/sp3 Fractions in Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on a Tungsten–Cobalt Base Using CKLL Auger Spectra","authors":"A. V. Sidashov,&nbsp;A. T. Kozakov,&nbsp;A. V. Nikolskiy,&nbsp;E. S. Novikov,&nbsp;D. S. Manturov","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700054","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The elemental composition and chemical bonds in a diamond-like carbon film on the surface of a tungsten–cobalt alloy base were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ratios of <i>sp</i>²/<i>sp</i>³ bond fractions were determined using various parameters of the <i>CKLL</i> Auger spectra excited in X-ray photoelectron spectrometers; the average values were 0.32/0.68. It was revealed that the tribological interaction of a counterbody in the form of an aluminum oxide ball with the base material begins with a friction coefficient of approximately 0.4, and with the diamond-like film surface with a friction coefficient of approximately 1.0. With further sliding, starting from approximately 25,000 sliding cycles, the friction coefficient with the tungsten-cobalt base increases to ~0.65, and the friction coefficient with the diamond-like film drops to values of ~0.50. In the range of 20 000–25 000 sliding cycles, the friction coefficient of the counterbody on the diamond-like film drops to ~0.32, then returns to 0.62. The values characterizing the wear of the counterbody when interacting with a hard alloy base are higher than when interacting with the surface of the diamond-like film. The results confirm that films of this type are technologically feasible for use in friction units that require a combination of high deformation resistance under heavy loads and high corrosion resistance at high temperatures and in adverse environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"380 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribotechnical Characteristics of HDPE-Based Polymer Composites under Friction with Snow","authors":"A. Ya. Grigoriev,&nbsp;D. M. Gutsev,&nbsp;V. G. Kudritsky,&nbsp;N. K. Myshkin,&nbsp;S. P. Bogdanovich,&nbsp;V. P. Selkin,&nbsp;I. N. Silchenko,&nbsp;O. S. Sterekhov","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700030","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results of evaluating the tribotechnical characteristics of polymer composite materials based on low-density polyethylene PE273, modified with various fillers: polyethylene wax (5%), graphite with carbon black (15%), and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (5% UHMWPE), are presented. The aim of the work was to evaluate the friction coefficient during contact with snow and the wear resistance of the materials under conditions of dry friction at extreme load-speed parameters. The studies were conducted using a specialized tribometer, simulating ski operating conditions, and a 2070 SMT-1 friction machine. It was found that the introduction of 5% UHMWPE into the base polymer reduces the friction coefficient by a factor of 2–3 (to 0.02–0.08) in the temperature range from –10 to 0°C. Furthermore, this composition-maintained operability at friction over steel at a velocity of 0.5 m/s at contact pressures up to 1.0 MPa, while other composites studied failed at 0.75 MPa. The results of the work are of practical importance for the development of sliding surfaces for sports and transportation means operating under extreme conditions of temperature and load.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"368 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribotechnical Characteristics of Lubricants from the Series of Perfluorinated Polytriazines","authors":"N. V. Lebedev,&nbsp;R. A. Chebotar,&nbsp;T. E. Sukhanova,&nbsp;Yu. G. Trishin,&nbsp;A. Dzh. Breki","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700029","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite high thermal-oxidative stability and chemical inertness, standard perfluoropolyether lubricants are susceptible to catalytic decomposition at high temperatures in the presence of metals, leading to corrosion and limiting their use. A solution to this problem may be the use of perfluoroalkyl-substituted triazines, which exhibit significantly higher corrosion-oxidative stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using synthesized perfluoroalkyl-substituted polytriazines (PFPT) with molecular weights ranging from 932 to 2920 as lubricants and compare their tribological properties with those of the commercial perfluoropolyether (PFPE). A number of PFPT samples (bis-triazines and oligotriazine) were studied by DSC and TGA methods and boiling points were determined. Tribological tests were carried out using the plane-to-plane design (ShKh15 steel/12Kh1 steel) at room temperature. The average friction coefficient (<i>f</i>_av) was determined for each PFPT sample, with <i>f</i>_av consistently increasing with increasing PFPT molecular weight. It was shown that the friction coefficient of PFPT (0.12–0.18) is comparable to that of PFPE (0.13) and significantly lower than that of dry friction (0.27). The results confirm the potential of PFPT as chemically inert and thermally stable lubricants. Their tribotechnical characteristics are comparable to those of commercial PFPE, indicating the possibility of combined use or replacement.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"363 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Contact Interaction and Three-Dimensional Stress–Strain State of the System for Friction-Mechanical Fatigue Testing","authors":"S. S. Sherbakov,&nbsp;N. M. Klimkovich,&nbsp;D. A. Podgayskaya,&nbsp;M. M. Polestchuk,&nbsp;A. I. Borovkov,&nbsp;A. S. Karchevskaia,&nbsp;A. D. Novokshenov,&nbsp;A. I. Matveeva","doi":"10.3103/S1068366626700042","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366626700042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of the study is to determine by the finite element method the stress-strain state and behavior of contact interaction characteristics under various loading conditions of the liner-shaft system, which is used for materials research when operating under conditions of frictional and mechanical fatigue. The cases of loading the system with different ratios of contact forces applied to the liner and bending forces applied to the shaft are considered. Verification of the results is carried out using beam theory and contact theory. According to the results of the study, it is shown that depending on the direction and magnitude of the bending load, it is possible to form a contact area of three different shapes: rectangular, elliptical, and divided into two parts. Furthermore, optimal load ratios minimizing the von Mises stresses were identified: in the liner with co-directed <i>F</i>_<i>b</i> and <i>F</i>_<i>N</i> at a ratio of <i>F</i>_<i>N</i>/<i>F</i>_<i>b</i> = 20–50 (e.g., at <i>F</i>_<i>N</i> = 500 N, <i>F</i>_<i>b</i> = 25 N); in the shaft with oppositely directed <i>F</i>_<i>b</i> and <i>F</i>_<i>N</i> at a ratio of <i>F</i>_<i>N</i>/ <i>F</i>_<i>b</i> = 20 (e.g., at <i>F</i>_<i>N</i> = 500 N, <i>F</i>_<i>b</i> = 25 N). Thus, the presented approach to modeling volumetric damage in a friction pair, one element of which is loaded by a non-contact force, provides an opportunity to solve optimization and damage management problems for complex technical systems by controlling boundary conditions without costly design or material changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 6","pages":"374 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Improving the Tribotechnical Properties of TiN/a-C Coatings","authors":"O. A. Belyak,&nbsp;V. I. Kolesnikov,&nbsp;D. V. Maksimov,&nbsp;E. D. Anikina,&nbsp;M. M. Chetverik","doi":"10.3103/S1068366625700631","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068366625700631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, the mechanical properties and tribological characteristics of TiN (monolayer) and TiN/a‑C (bilayer; two variants of combinations of elastoplastic properties of the layers) coatings were investigated using experimental and theoretical approaches. The microstructure of the synthesized coatings and the topography of the surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Characterization of the a‑C coating was carried out by the diffuse total internal reflection (DTIR) method using a Fourier‑transform infrared (FT‑IR) spectrometer. Hardness and reduced modulus were obtained by continuous (instrumented) indentation with a Berkovich indenter. Wear rate and coefficient of friction were determined in sliding friction tests. The results of the comprehensive experimental study of the coatings served as the basis for developing a finite‑element model of indentation of a bilayer elastoplastic medium with various combinations of elastic and plastic properties and different relative layer thicknesses. A correlation between coating parameters <i>H</i>/<i>E</i> and <i>H</i>³/<i>E</i>² and the wear rate was established experimentally. Functional dependences of hardness and reduced modulus on the relative thickness of the surface metastable a‑C layer were determined theoretically. The optimal ratio of the thicknesses of the constituent layers in the TiN/a‑C coating for given elastoplastic material properties, yielding the best tribological performance, was identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Friction and Wear","volume":"46 5","pages":"279 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}