Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Nafion fluorine-modified rGO-modified Cu electrode for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Wenjuan Shen,&nbsp;Hang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07375-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07375-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxide-derived Cu catalysts with multiple chemical states have been shown to promote C-C coupling in electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂RR) for forming valuable multi-carbon product, but their scalability has been strongly limited by using complex templates or reducing agents. In this work, we propose a simple yet highly controllable synthetic strategy to construct the Nafion fluorine-modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO-Nafion) modified Cu electrodes, which shows good activity for the production of C₂ products in CO₂RR. XRD and XPS analyses reveal that the introduction of rGO-Nafion stabilizes the Cu/CuO heterostructure and promotes the partial conversion of Cu²⁺ into Cu⁺/Cu⁰, in which metallic Cu, Cu⁺ species, and rGO-Nafion act cooperatively to optimize intermediate adsorption and suppress competing hydrogen evolution, finally leading to significantly improved CO₂RR activity and product selectivity. The optimized rGO-Nafion-Cu-60 + 60 µL electrode thus achieves a stable current density of approximately − 20 mA cm^− 2 at − 1.0 V vs. RHE, delivering a high C₂ (C₂H₄, C₂H₆, and C₂H₅OH) Faradaic efficiency of 39% and a total carbon-based Faradaic efficiency (CO, formate, and C₂ products) of 72%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10585 - 10599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148961998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility and application of schiff bases as modifiers in electrochemical sensors: a review","authors":"Baraa Waled Almofty,&nbsp;Safaa S. Hassan,&nbsp;Eman Yossri Frag","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07351-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07351-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schiff base architectures and their transition metal complexes serve as specialized surface modifiers and recognition elements in electrochemical sensing. The core innovation of these architectures lies in the strategic flexibility of the azomethine (–C = N–) linkage, which provides a highly programmable coordination environment, ensuring enhanced sensitivity and selectivity across potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, and impedimetric platforms. However, critical research pain points and current operational limitations—such as short operational lifetimes and fabrication challenges—remain major bottlenecks. This review systematically evaluates these architectural constraints, delineating the specific advantages and limitations of each sensing modality. Furthermore, viable solutions derived from compiled literature are proposed to overcome these bottlenecks, outlining critical future perspectives for advancing the next generation of robust electrochemical sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"9087 - 9113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on potential biopolymer nanocomposites in energy storage devices","authors":"S. Ramkumar,&nbsp;T. Theivasanthi,&nbsp;S. Balaguru Venkatesh,&nbsp;M. Ajitha,&nbsp;Subash C.B. Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07377-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07377-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The requirements for energy storage devices (ESD) are extended cycle life, high energy density, and improved performance. The working pattern of batteries suffers from corrosion and dendrite formation, on the other hand, the advancements of supercapacitors lag a high energy density. Both batteries and supercapacitors should be packed well to avoid the leakages of toxic materials. A high porosity in biopolymers supports efficient transport of ions in the device. Polymer electrolytes using biopolymer are attracted more because it is abundant and more economical. They have positive features of higher electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and biodegradable. The functional groups in biopolymers are, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amine help to achieve a high energy density. The challenge with scavenging the synthetic polymer wastes from ESD that can overcome by utilizing biopolymers. Biopolymers derived carbon materials produce higher surface area and can be easily doped with hetero atoms, which helps to produce an ESD with higher capacitance. Among biopolymers, cellulose, chitosan, starch and their nanocomposites attracted the scientific community for the preparation of electrodes, separators, electrolytes and binders for energy storage. Since the surface area and porosity are the most important parameters that affect the electrochemical performance, they can be harvested from natural polymers. Biopolymers are easy to process due to their solubility in water which can avoid the usage of more organic solvents. They can be produced from agricultural or biological wastes and can be decomposed in a safe manner. Biopolymers are generally non-conducting and need conductive materials, such as metal salts, carbon materials and metal oxides as fillers. It is also a challenge to achieve homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles over the polymer matrix and maximum electrical conductivity. They exhibit limited electrochemical window and degrade when used for a greater number of cycles. There is an urgent need to improve the compatibility between the matrix and the filler. Biopolymers used for the fabrication of flexible or wearable devices still need improvements in their mechanical and electrochemical properties. More standardized fabrication processes are to be introduced to turn laboratory/batch scale into pilot-scale production with more reproducibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"8955 - 8977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal phosphate nanomaterials for next-generation supercapacitors: synthesis, properties, and applications","authors":"Velusamy Sasikala,&nbsp;Aravindh Murali","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07349-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07349-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing global demand for sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems has intensified research on advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). Transition metal phosphate (TMP) nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates due to their robust structural framework, rich redox chemistry, and chemical stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of SCs and highlights the significance of electrode material design in enhancing electrochemical performance. Various synthesis techniques, including hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, co-precipitation, and electrochemical methods, are critically discussed with respect to their influence on particle size, morphology, and surface characteristics. The performance of single-metal phosphates, bimetallic systems, and carbon-integrated composites is systematically evaluated, emphasizing the role of synergistic interactions in improving conductivity and charge storage behavior. In addition, recent developments in hybrid and asymmetric device configurations are examined as effective strategies to overcome the limitations of low energy density. Despite notable advancements, challenges such as limited electrical conductivity and structural instability under prolonged cycling remain. This review outlines future research directions focused on material engineering, scalable synthesis, and device optimization for next-generation SC technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"8845 - 8875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of sodium-ion batteries: Principles, materials, performance, and wide-temperature applications","authors":"Ayesha Qayyum,&nbsp;Muhammad Ishtiaq,&nbsp;Tehmeena Ishaq,&nbsp;Hasnain Ali,&nbsp;Achmad Yanuar Maulana,&nbsp;Muhammad Haseeb Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07356-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07356-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies has increased the demand for large-scale, cost-effective, and durable energy storage systems to maintain grid stability. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the market; however, their long-term scalability is limited by high costs, uneven resource distribution, limited lithium availability, and environmental concerns. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative due to the abundance, low cost, and chemical similarity of sodium to lithium. Nevertheless, the larger ionic radius of Na⁺ leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics, limited electrode compatibility, and structural instability, which collectively hinder electrochemical performance. This paper reviews recent progress in SIB technology, with a particular focus on wide-temperature sodium-ion batteries (WT-SIBs). Advances in cathode materials are highlighted, along with developments in anode materials such as hard carbon and alloy-based systems. Furthermore, strategies for electrolyte optimization and interface engineering are discussed to enhance ion transport, ensure stability over a wide temperature range (− 40 °C to 80 °C), and suppress degradation. Finally, key challenges and future directions are outlined to improve the safety, durability, and energy density of SIB systems. WT-SIBs are expected to play a vital role in future large-scale energy storage applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"8815 - 8844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical energy storage and conversion: Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"R. Priyadharshini,&nbsp;JR Xavier","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07345-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07345-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid advancement of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies has driven significant interest in MXene-based nanocomposites, owing to their high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and layered architecture. This review presents a critical and mechanistic analysis of MXene nanocomposites for batteries and fuel cells, focusing on rational design strategies such as interlayer engineering, surface functionalization, and hybridization with metal oxides, sulfides, polymers, and carbon materials to address challenges including oxidation, restacking, and structural instability. A key contribution is the establishment of structure–property–performance relationships, highlighting how surface terminations, interlayer spacing, and heterointerfaces regulate ion transport, charge storage mechanisms, and electrocatalytic activity. Comparative insights across lithium-, sodium-, potassium-, zinc-, and magnesium-ion batteries, as well as fuel cell systems, are provided to identify performance trends and limiting factors. The integration of experimental studies with theoretical approaches, including density functional theory and emerging machine learning techniques, is discussed to elucidate ion adsorption, diffusion kinetics, and degradation pathways. Finally, critical challenges related to scalability, environmental stability, and practical implementation are evaluated, and future directions are proposed, emphasizing interface engineering, controlled surface chemistry, and device-level validation. This review provides a unified framework for the rational design of MXene-based nanocomposites in next-generation electrochemical energy systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"9043 - 9086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal – Organic Framework based electrode materials for electrochemical performance of supercapacitors – A review","authors":"A. B. Shanmugapriya,&nbsp;L. Lavanya,&nbsp;A. Juliet Christina Mary","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07344-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07344-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, exploring new materials with high capacity and stability for energy storage systems has been highly challenging. A supercapacitor is an essential energy storage device known for its fast charge/discharge and long-life features, widely used to tap the gap between the energy and power densities of batteries and capacitors. Supercapacitors containing transition metal oxides have low electronic conductivity and slower ion transport kinetics due to their crystalline nature and narrow diffusion pathway, while carbon-based materials have passive ion diffusion under thick mass loading, resulting in the practical applications offering poor cycling stability. Therefore, optimizing the electrode material is essential, which simultaneously improves the above complexes. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising and multifunctional electrode materials that have been used in various applications. It is the extraordinary combination of both organic and inorganic components by strong bonds that show a large specific surface area (SSA) with abundant active sites, high porosity, low density, tunable pore size, and adjustable geometry morphologies. This review summarizes the utilization of MOFs in supercapacitors, highlighting their electrochemical performance as electrode material. The review also explores the advancement and efficiency of MOF for the latest energy storage systems. Pristine MOFs, bimetallic MOFs, conductive MOFs, MOF-derived metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and carbon-based composites for supercapacitor applications have drawn much experimental attention in recent years on their synthesis, modification, and optimization. Meanwhile, theoretical techniques such as density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and first principles calculations have allowed us to gain fundamental insights on charge transfer mechanisms, electronic structure modulation, ion adsorption behavior, and atomic-level energy storage processes. However, the low conductivity and poor cycle performance of MOFs limit their effective use in the energy storage industry. To overcome these obstacles, MOFs can be incorporated with diverse functional materials to build hierarchical heterostructures with spatial dimensionalities. Eventually, this incorporation will lead to ranged functions and allow MOFs to reach their full potential. Currently, the synergy of MOFs and functional materials is allowing for promising electrochemical outputs in the field of materials research. On this account, this review concludes, based on the available literature that the MOFs with derived materials have better electrochemical behavior than the other MOF based materials, which contributes to their future perspectives and challenges of new innovations in the field of supercapacitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"9013 - 9042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering next-generation lithium-sulfur batteries: role of solid electrolytes in energy density and safety","authors":"S. Atchaya,&nbsp;Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan,&nbsp;Subash C. B. Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07353-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07353-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries exhibit a high energy density of 2600 W h/kg with sulfur as cathode and lithium metal anodes. The types of solid electrolytes for Li–S batteries include oxide-based electrolytes, sulfide-based electrolytes and composite electrolytes. Garnet-type lithium lanthanum zirconate, Sodium Super Ionic Conductor type oxides are some of the oxide-based electrolytes. They suffer from brittle nature and low ionic conductivity. Lithium phosphorus sulfur chloride (Li₆PS₅Cl) and Lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide (Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂) are well known sulfide-based electrolytes. Their limitations are high sensitivity to moisture which requires careful handling and coating approaches. Composite electrolytes are prepared using polymer matrices such as Polyethylene oxide, Polyvinylidene fluoride and Polyacrylonitrile filled with liquid electrolytes or inorganic materials. They are flexible with enhanced ionic conductivity, stability and an effective interfacial contact with the electrodes. Various strategies overcome the challenges such as large impedance and poor contact with solid electrolytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"8797 - 8814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and performance optimization of microwave-synthesized nano-lead-carbon materials in electrode active materials of spent lead-acid batteries","authors":"Liping Zhang,&nbsp;Xiujuan Meng,&nbsp;Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07244-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07244-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct recycling of lead paste from waste lead-acid batteries faces significant challenges, primarily due to the poor electrochemical performance and low conductivity of recycled lead oxide materials, and their susceptibility to severe irreversible sulfation under high-rate partial charge conditions. To address this issue, a highly efficient and low-cost microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction method was proposed. Using recycled lead oxide from lead-acid batteries as a precursor and graphitized carbon black as a carbon source, a nano-lead-carbon composite material is synthesized in situ in a one-step process. Key process parameters, including carbon source type, microwave power, and irradiation time, are systematically optimized, and its electrochemical performance is compared with that of pure recycled lead and a mechanically mixed control group. The results show that the optimized material forms a uniform nanocomposite structure with a lead grain size of only 44.73 nm and a specific surface area of 85.31 m²/g. This structure endows the material with excellent electrochemical kinetics, with a charge transfer resistance of only 8.19 Ω·cm², which is 18.4 times lower than that of Control-PbO. In rate performance testing, the nano-lead-carbon composite material exhibits a 1 C capacity as high as 118.17 mAh/g. This study confirms that the microwave method is an effective way to achieve high-performance, high-value reuse of waste lead paste, providing a technical solution with significant industrial application potential for closed-loop recycling of waste lead-acid batteries and low-cost manufacturing of lead-carbon batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"9737 - 9752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic engineering of CTAB-modified MoO2 microspheres for stable and kinetics-enhanced zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Yazi Luo,&nbsp;Yuqing Ji","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07357-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07357-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of high-performance cathode materials is crucial for advancing aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Molybdenum dioxide (MoO₂) is a promising candidate, but its performance is often limited by sluggish kinetics and structural instability. This work addresses these challenges through a synergistic synthesis strategy employing n-butanol (nBuOH) and CTAB to fabricate a high-performance hexagonal MoO₂-based cathode. It is revealed that nBuOH and CTAB play distinct roles as a structure-directing and an interface-optimizing agent, respectively. Their synergy yields a cathode with exceptional rate capability (2 A g⁻¹) and long-term cyclability (101 mAh g⁻¹ after 3000 cycles). The enhanced performance is linked to a capacitive-dominated mechanism facilitated by rapid ion transport in the nBuOH-derived architecture and stable charge transfer at the CTAB-induced interface. This study offers a general design concept for developing advanced electrode materials by decoupling structural and interfacial functionalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 9","pages":"9713 - 9721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}