Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Degradation of methylene blue via H₂O₂/HCO₃⁻/Co2⁺ system using cobalt recovered from spent Li-ion batteries","authors":"Eric M. Garcia,&nbsp;Hosane A. Taroco,&nbsp;Júlio O. F. Melo,&nbsp;Patrícia A. Rocha,&nbsp;Roseli M. Balestra,&nbsp;Cristiane G. Taroco,&nbsp;Honória F. Gorgulho","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06471-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06471-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing environmental burden posed by synthetic dyes and electronic waste demands innovative, sustainable solutions. In this work, we present a green and efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) employing cobalt ions recovered from spent Li-ion battery (LIB) cathodes to catalyze the degradation of methylene blue (MB), a model organic pollutant. The Co²⁺/HCO₃⁻/H₂O₂ system enabled complete decolorization of a 10 ppm MB solution within 10 min under mild conditions (pH ~ 8.35), with kinetic analysis revealing pseudo-zero-order behavior in MB and half-order dependence on Co²⁺, HCO₃⁻, and H₂O₂. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the [Co(CO₃)₃]³⁻ complex, while electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) revealed demethylated intermediates and smaller fragments, suggesting progressive mineralization. Mechanistic insights indicate the predominant formation of carbonate radicals (•CO₃⁻), as supported by isopropanol scavenging experiments. This study highlights the dual environmental benefit of cobalt recovery and wastewater treatment, offering a sustainable pathway for the valorization of electronic waste and the mitigation of textile dye pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"7837 - 7847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic sulfur engineering in Amorphous Co–S nanoparticles via ChCl–EG DES–mediated synthesis for efficient overall water splitting","authors":"Youpo Mise,&nbsp;Shaohua Wang,&nbsp;Wen Shi,&nbsp;Yakun Yin,&nbsp;Juan An,&nbsp;Xuejiao Zhou,&nbsp;Wentang Xia,&nbsp;Wenqiang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06467-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06467-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a green strategy for synthesizing amorphous cobalt sulfide (Co–S) bifunctional electrocatalysts via a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES) under ambient conditions, addressing ionic coordination dynamics and defect engineering for enhanced solid–state ionic/electronic transport in energy conversion. By modulating the equilibrium between Co²⁺ and S₂O₃^2- ions in Ethaline, we fabricated monodisperse Co–150S nanoparticles (~ 78 nm) with tailored sulfur content (S/Co = 1.9), an amorphous architecture, and abundant oxygen vacancies. These structural features synergistically optimized ionic diffusion pathways and electronic conductivity, achieving exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities in alkaline media. The Co–150S/NF electrode demonstrated a volcano-like sulfur-dependent activity profile, achieving the highest electrochemically active surface area (ECSA, 3.7 cm²) and ultralow overpotentials of − 105 mV (HER) and 277 mV (OER) at 10 mA cm⁻², comparable to benchmark Pt/C and RuO₂ catalysts. Post-electrolysis characterization revealed dynamic structural reorganization during HER and OER operations, involving over 80 at% sulfur depletion and the formation of metastable Co-rich phases that maintained catalytic functionality. In overall water splitting, the system required only 1.62 V to drive 10 mA cm⁻² with minimal activity decay (1.5 mV h⁻¹ over 26 h). Mechanistic investigations revealed that sulfur incorporation initiates a multiscale optimization process: (i) DES–mediated ionic confinement prevents particle aggregation, promoting uniform nanosphere formation; (ii) modulation of the electronic structure through nonstoichiometric Co–S coordination; and (iii) defect engineering through the enrichment of oxygen vacancies. This study provides insights into ionic coordination mechanisms in non–aqueous solvents and defect–mediated ion transport in amorphous solids, suggesting a potential strategy for developing electrocatalysts applicable to related energy storage technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8221 - 8233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the structural, optical, and thermal behavior of CuCl2 incorporated PVP/glycerin-based polymer electrolytes for energy storage applications","authors":"Aseel A. Kareem,&nbsp;Ali Adil Abbas,&nbsp;Hussein Kh. Rasheed,&nbsp;Anji Reddy Polu,&nbsp;Yosef Jazaa,&nbsp;Thamer Alomayri","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06465-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06465-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer electrolyte films composed of PVP and PVP/glycerin with varying concentrations of CuCl₂ (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) were synthesized using the solution casting method. The synthesized electrolyte films were characterized using FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis, DSC, and TGA techniques. FTIR spectroscopy revealed an O–H stretching vibration of PVP around 3300 cm⁻¹, which experienced broadening and a reduction in intensity upon the introduction of glycerin and CuCl₂. XRD analysis displayed a characteristic peak at 2θ ~ 20°, with the peak shifting towards higher angles and a slight decrease in intensity as the CuCl₂ concentration increased, indicating a disruption of the crystalline structure of the host matrix. UV–Vis analysis revealed that the optical bandgap of pure PVP was 3.6 eV, whereas the incorporation of 10, 20, and 30 wt.% CuCl₂ into the PVP/glycerin system resulted in a significant reduction of the bandgap to 2.4, 1.7, and 1.4 eV, respectively. DSC measurements indicated a decrease in the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) from 150 °C for pure PVP to 146, 144, and 140 °C for the PVP/glycerin composites containing 10, 20, and 30% CuCl₂, respectively. TGA results indicated enhanced thermal stability for PVP/glycerin with CuCl₂, which remained stable up to 225 °C, compared to pure PVP. According to conductivity measurements, the highest ionic conductivity achieved for a system containing 20 wt.% CuCl₂ is 6.47 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm at room temperature. The experimental data suggest that these optimized electrolyte materials could be suitable candidates for high-performance energy storage technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8017 - 8025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and ionic dynamics of Mn- and Fe-based Ca-ion battery electrode materials from molecular simulations","authors":"Rachita Panigrahi,&nbsp;Bhabani S. Mallik","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06457-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06457-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Divalent intercalating metal ions, such as Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ca²⁺, in metal-ion batteries have garnered significant research interest with their remarkable capacity enhancement due to two electron transfer and low cost compared to lithium-ion batteries. The remarkable diffusivity and structural stability of some positive electrode materials, potentially significant for multivalent batteries, are the main reasons for using them in commercial batteries. In this work, we choose four materials with relatively fast ionic mobility, low energy diffusive barrier, and increased specific capacity. Calcium intercalation in positive electrode materials with the chemical formula Ca_xM_yO_z, where M is the transition metal element (Fe, Mn), is investigated using density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations. We have reported the structural, electronic, and transport properties of four cost-effective compounds such as Ca₄Mn₂O₇, CaMn₃O₆, and CaFe_2+nO_4+<i>n</i>(<i>n</i> = 0.25 and 0). First principle calculations reveal the atomistic structure and local chemical environment. The cation–anion interactions in these materials are analyzed by calculating radial distribution functions. The diffusion properties of Ca²⁺ ions and conductivity in these solid materials were calculated using interatomic potential parameters in classical molecular dynamics, which reveal the ionic dynamics of these materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8073 - 8084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical and computational study of novel 5-fluoro-2-(methylamino) benzenesulfonamide as an organic catalyst for hydrazine electrooxidation","authors":"Katia Mohand Saidi,&nbsp;Nafila Bouider,&nbsp;Bassam A. Najri,&nbsp;Kamel Harrouche,&nbsp;Hilal Kivrak,&nbsp;Arif Kivrak,&nbsp;Smail Khelili","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06461-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06461-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical assessment of a new fluorinated sulfonamide-based organic catalyst, FBS⁻, which is immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using Nafion for the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine (N₂H₄) in an alkaline environment. Structural analysis through ¹H and ¹³C NMR, including 2D COSY, confirms the anticipated substitution pattern on the aromatic ring, which includes a fluorine atom that enhances electronic stability and oxidative resistance. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations- including HOMO–LUMO analysis, Electron Localization Function (ELF), Localization of Orbitals (LOL), Average Local Ionization Energy (ALIE), and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) maps- demonstrate a weak HOMO–LUMO gap (2.122 eV), substantial electron density concentration on the sulfonamide part, and significant redox activity of the anionic form. Electrochemical tests reveal that FBS⁻ serves as a bifunctional catalyst, facilitating electron transfer and local deprotonation of hydrazine. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates a significant increase in current density (up to 33.33 mA/cm²) in the presence of hydrazine, while chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) corroborate its outstanding stability and low charge transfer resistance. The analysis of the scan rate-dependent CV reveals a linear relationship between peak current and the square root of the scan rate (R² = 0.993), suggesting a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Relative to other organic and noble-metal-based systems, FBS⁻ exhibits superior performance, merging high catalytic activity, chemical durability, and straightforward synthetic accessibility. These results position FBS⁻ as a promising, metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation and related energy and environmental, analytical, and electroanalytical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8295 - 8311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of organic copper foil current collector modification on the performance of dual-ion batteries","authors":"Jie Song,&nbsp;Yunyan Zhang,&nbsp;Shimei Xu,&nbsp;Yiqian Wu,&nbsp;Rengui Xiao,&nbsp;Xiang Ke","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06443-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06443-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dual-ion batteries have got significant attention in recent years due to their efficient ion insertion mechanism, abundant electrode material options, and chemical stability, showcasing advantages such as high operating voltage, low cost, and enhanced safety. Organic electrode materials are often used in dual-ion batteries due to their designability and high theoretical capacity. However, the compatibility between organic electrode materials and current collectors affects the cycling and capacity performance of dual-ion batteries. In this paper, a novel thin film structure of sulfuric acid-doped polyaniline composite copper oxide is electropolymerized on the surface of copper foil current collector. The synergistic effect of electropolymerization-driven oxidation and copper oxide templating facilitates the formation of doped polyaniline nanoparticles, transforming the polymer into long-range ordered crystalline structures with a particle size of 10 nm. Because of the crystalline nanostructure of doped polyaniline and copper oxide, there is an interface change between the anode and active material during charge–discharge cycles, reducing the internal charge transfer resistance from 112 to 40 Ω. While the dual-ion battery shows a significant improvement at high rates, experiments show that the dual-ion battery still retains a capacity of 44 mAh g⁻¹ after 2000 cycles at 5 C, with a capacity retention rate of 69.7%, but the capacity of dual-ion battery without the modification current collectors is only 12 mAh g⁻¹ after 2000 cycles at 5 C. The paper discusses the mechanism of the smallest size composite polyaniline material and the influence mechanisms on the performance of dual-ion batteries.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8121 - 8135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly conductive LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 synthesized with styrene maleic anhydride-assisted glucose and polyvinyl alcohol carbon coating","authors":"Quanchen Li,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Xinran Li,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhang,&nbsp;Zijun Liu,&nbsp;Guangchuan Liang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06452-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06452-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low conductivity and Li⁺ diffusion coefficient of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) hinder its practical applications. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to partially replace glucose in the LMFP coating, with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) auxiliary carbon source, was added for the coating. Following the addition of SMA, the alternating distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups within the molecular structure of SMA effectively prevents the aggregation between particles. The agglomeration of primary particles in the sample has been significantly minimized, and the viscosity of the slurry has been effectively decreased. Under the synergistic effect of PVA and SMA, the resulting carbon layer has a high degree of graphitization, the compaction density of the material is improved, and the diffusion coefficient of Li⁺ is improved due to the uniform and moderate thickness of the carbon layer. The properties of the modified samples exhibit varying degrees of enhancement. The discharge specific capacity of LPS-4 was 156.8 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 C, and the capacity retention rate was 96.4% after 100 cycles at 1 C. In addition to the improvement of these properties, the powder conductivity of the material has also significantly increased. At a pressure of 350 MPa, the conductivity can attain a value of 3.25 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"7731 - 7743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 concentration effects on CO2/H2O co-electrolysis in a solid oxide electrolysis button cell","authors":"Rahulkumar Shirasangi,&nbsp;Hari Prasad Dasari,&nbsp;M. B. Saidutta","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06438-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06438-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of CO₂ gas concentration on the co-electrolysis performance of an electrolyte-supported button cell (NiO-YSZ/NiO-SDC/ScSZ/LSCF-GDC/LSCF) was investigated. At 800 ^oC/1.5V, the interfacial polarization resistance (R_p) values for 10%CO₂/15%H₂O and 30%CO₂/15%H₂O are 7.19 and 26.91 Ω.cm², respectively. CO₂ gas concentration significantly affects the R_p value. Gas diffusion resistance is dominant in the overall polarization resistance. As the CO₂ concentration increases (10%→30%), H₂ consumption increases, indicating RWGS dominance. For 30% CO₂/15% H₂O, CO₂ out is slightly more than the input value due to the WGS and Boudouard reactions. As the applied voltage value increases from OCV, the H₂ residue increases. H₂O and CO₂ co-electrolysis occurs at 1.5 V. The post-test XRD and Raman spectra results show NiO reduction and metallic Ni appearance. The post-test FE-SEM micrographs show no delamination at the air electrode/electrolyte interface, and carbon deposition is observed in the composite fuel electrode layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8185 - 8192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of structural, functional and electrical properties of PVA polymer electrolyte incorporated with magnesium salt: analysing equivalent electrical circuit","authors":"Shaik Imran Ahmad,&nbsp;Parthiban Venkatachalapathy,&nbsp;Sunita Sundari Gunturi","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06437-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06437-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural, functional and electrical characteristics have been investigated for poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based polymer electrolyte with the incorporation of magnesium salt which mainly explains the electrical properties of the material in the present work. Here the polymer electrolyte is synthesized in different concentration of polymer and salt through solution casting technique in ambient temperature and the material is identified as PMgx. The structural and functional characteristics were analysed for the confirmation of polymer and salt complex formation. The AC impedance (ACI) studied for PMgx exhibits maximum ionic conductivity (<i>σ</i>) up to 1.26 × 10^–5 S.cm⁻¹. The equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) of the material is studied by fitting the cole–cole (CC) plot from the AC impedance data. Then, electrical characteristics like bode plots, dielectric characteristics and electric modulus analysis were analysed, which explains about the charge transfer characteristics, dielectric properties, and dielectric relaxation phenomenon of the material, where the relaxation time is 1.59 × 10^–7 s. Furthermore, the dielectric relaxation phenomenon has been analysed through Havriliak-Negami (HN) fitting, and dielectric strength of the material was analysed. The complex capacitance is studied with respect to the use of stainless-steel plate in the study. Then, AC conductivity of the material with respect to frequency was analysed, where the ion conduction mechanism is studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8027 - 8041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the ionic conductor-mayenite Ca12Al14O33","authors":"Xia Deng,&nbsp;Jungu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06446-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06446-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mayenite (Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃), a nanoporous oxide with a unique cage structure, has emerged as a promising oxide-ion conductor for solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen sensors. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in synthesis methods, doping strategies, and mechanistic understanding of oxygen-ion transport in mayenite. Challenges and future directions for optimizing its ionic conductivity are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"7615 - 7629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}