Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Sulphur/mechanochemical graphene/bismuth phosphate composite as a cathode for enhanced performance in lithium-sulphur batteries","authors":"K. Siva,&nbsp;M. Murugesan,&nbsp;S. R. Srikumar,&nbsp;T. Theivasanthi,&nbsp;Subash C. B. Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06160-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06160-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A lithium-sulphur battery is fabricated by incorporating graphene and bismuth phosphate (BiPO₄) into the cathode. BiPO₄ is synthesized via a hydrothermal method, while graphene is prepared through a mechanochemical process. A sulphur/mechanochemical graphene/bismuth phosphate composite is then prepared and analyzed using various characterization techniques. Functional groups are identified through FTIR analysis, and the crystal structure and chemical composition are examined using X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to explore the size distribution and surface morphology of the composite. The electrochemical behaviour of the cathode material is characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) techniques. The CV measurements confirm a high specific capacitance of 476.78 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s for the composite. The cathode material retains 99.52% of its capacitance at 1 A/g even after 1,500 cycles, demonstrating long-term stability. A well-performing S/MCG-Bi(PO4)-800 cathode was used to construct the coin cell. The CR2032 coin cell with S/MCG-Bi(PO4)-800 as the cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 61 mAh/g during charging and 47 mAh/g during discharging. However, by the 50th cycle, the capacity retention decreases to 60.78%. Additionally, the coulombic efficiency at constant current is measured at 80.02%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3209 - 3229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CoTe nanoparticle functionalized separator for simultaneously inhibiting the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite in Li–S batteries","authors":"Yao Fu,&nbsp;Yang Jin,&nbsp;Fei Cao,&nbsp;Fang-Fei Guo,&nbsp;Wen-Cui Li,&nbsp;Bin He","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06169-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06169-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shuttling of dissolved polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth causes poor cycling stability, seriously hindering the practical use of Li–S battery. Herein, a multifunctional separator is designed by introducing CoTe nanoparticles on conventional Celgard separator via vacuum filtration to solve the above-mentioned problems for Li–S battery. The CoTe nanoparticles on the separator are able to effectively catalyze polysulfide conversion and inhibit the shuttle effect. More importantly, the CoTe nanoparticle modified separator suppresses the growth of Li dendrite in anode by regulating the deposition morphology of Li. After the introduction of the CoTe nanoparticle modified separator, the assembled Li‖Li symmetrical battery achieves stable lithium deposition/stripping for up to 750 h at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻² and a discharge capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻². The Li–S battery using a CoTe nanoparticle modified separator achieves a high capacity of 564.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 3 C and the decay rate per cycle is only 0.093% after 500 cycles at 1 C. Even under high sulfur loading of 4.59 mg cm⁻² and low E/S ratio of 8 μL mg⁻¹, the sulfur cathode with CoTe nanoparticle modified separator demonstrates a remarkable capacity of 667.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3243 - 3251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating ionic conductivity in DMSO − NaCF3SO3 electrolytes: the role of charge carrier concentration and mobility","authors":"N. Shamshurim,&nbsp;N. Tamchek,&nbsp;Pramod K. Singh,&nbsp;I. M. Noor","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06158-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06158-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the factors that influence conductivity changes in electrolyte systems due to salt doping is important for optimizing their performance. This work quantitatively evaluated key transport parameters, namely diffusivity (<i>D</i>), mobility (<i>µ</i>), and concentration (<i>n</i>) of charge carriers, and the Stokes drag coefficient (<i>F</i>_<i>d</i>) using the Nyquist plot fitting method. A liquid electrolyte system with varying concentrations of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaCF₃SO₃) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was prepared. The conductivity increased from 1.00 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ (L1 electrolyte containing 0.6 M NaCF₃SO₃) to 1.14 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ (L3 electrolyte containing 1.0 M NaCF₃SO₃), driven by an increase in <i>n</i> from 6.70 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ (L1 electrolyte) to 7.43 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ (L3 electrolyte), indicating increased ion dissociation within the electrolyte. The conductivity decreased to 1.03 × 10⁻² cm⁻³ (L4 electrolyte containing 1.2 M NaCF₃SO₃) due to decrease in both <i>µ</i> and <i>D</i>, from 9.54 × 10⁻⁵ to 6.94 × 10⁻⁶ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻² and from 2.47 × 10 to 1.79 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹, respectively, due to the higher availability of free ions in the electrolyte. The <i>F</i>_<i>d</i> values also increased, indicating increased viscosity and reduced ion movement. These findings suggest that the conductivity variations for DMSO − NaCF₃SO₃ liquid electrolytes are primarily influenced by <i>µ</i>, <i>D</i>, and <i>F</i>_<i>d</i>, rather than <i>n</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3383 - 3390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the joint estimation method of charge state and health state of power lithium battery","authors":"Zhifu Wang,&nbsp;Shunshun Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Luo,&nbsp;Zhongyi Yang,&nbsp;Yifang Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06151-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06151-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The state estimation of a battery management system (BMS) is a critical part. The most important part is to precisely estimate the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). The study object is first chosen to be a resistance capacitance (RC) equivalent circuit model (ECM) of second order. Next, the chosen battery model’s offline variables are identified, and the identification technique is confirmed. Aiming at the problem of high-precision joint estimation of SOC and SOH for power batteries, the UKF + EKF joint estimation algorithm was established. To increase the SOC’s estimate accuracy even more, the UKF + EKF method served as the foundation for the multi-innovation adaptive uninformed Kalman filter (MIAUKF) algorithm. The MIAUKF + EKF algorithm’s joint SOC and SOH estimate is achieved. The experimental findings demonstrate that the MIAUKF + EKF has a greater reliability than the UKF + EKF method, and it also has a better estimation effect on SOH. To further validate the performance of the MIAUKF + EKF joint estimation approach in real environment, the Typhoon HIL602+ hardware-in-loop equipment is used to design a bench test platform for batteries. The findings indicate that even under the condition of colored noise in voltage and current, and the suggested algorithm’s SOC and SOH estimate accuracy, is still rather excellent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3273 - 3294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon black-poly(ethyl methacrylate) nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for dual energy storage application","authors":"Himanshu Singh,&nbsp;Monika Srivastava,&nbsp;Nora A. Salih,&nbsp;Pramod K. Singh,&nbsp;M. Z. A. Yahya,&nbsp;S. N. F. Yusuf,&nbsp;Markus Diantoro,&nbsp;Famiza Abdul Latif,&nbsp;Nadhi Jain,&nbsp;Ram Chandra Singh,&nbsp;Suneyana Rawat","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06161-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06161-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work describes the fabrication of a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte system incorporating sodium iodide (NaI) with poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and carbon black as a nanofiller, for its astounding electrochemical capabilities and environmental resilience. The solid polymer electrolyte was synthesized via solution casting method, and its characteristics were thoroughly investigated using a variety of analytical techniques. The electrical characterization indicates that the addition of the carbon black nanofiller markedly improves enhances conductivity, achieving a peak value of <span>(1.25 times {10}^{-5})</span> S/cm at an optimal nanofiller conc. Of 8 wt.%, measurements of the ionic transference number affirm both ionic and electronic characters of the conductivity. Additionally, the nanocomposite demonstrates a substantial electrochemical stability window of <span>(3.78)</span> V. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals significant interaction indicatives of good complexation, further substantiated reduce in crystallinity assessments conducted through polarized optical microscopy (POM). Synthesized carbon black dispersed polymer electrolyte with the highest conduction employed in dual energy storage devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3807 - 3815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microporous activated carbon derived from Murraya Koenigii seeds for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Neelam Rawat,&nbsp;Shubham Kathuria,&nbsp;Sushant Kumar,&nbsp;Sehrish Nazir,&nbsp;Pushpa Joshi,&nbsp;Pramod K. Singh,&nbsp;Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah,&nbsp;Markus Diantoro,&nbsp;Vinay Deep Punetha,&nbsp;Pawan Singh Dhapola","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06159-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06159-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research paper tackles two pressing global issues first is the rising energy demands and second is effective waste management. It presents innovative strategies that repurpose bio-waste for energy storage, focusing on activating <i>Murraya koenigii</i> seeds using ZnCl₂ to produce activated carbon (MKAC). The study carefully examines the structural, textural, and electrochemical properties of MKAC through advanced techniques such as BET analysis, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and XPS, CV, IMP and GCD. The findings reveal an impressive surface area of approximately 798 m² g⁻¹, corresponding to a specific capacitance of about 178.98 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 mA cm⁻² for Cell-2 (MKAC). Additionally, the material exhibits a specific energy of roughly 16.32 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of around 436 W kg⁻¹, showcasing MKAC’s potential for energy storage applications. This research not only advances sustainable energy technologies but also underscores the critical role of bio-waste in addressing environmental challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3727 - 3744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium-ion–conducting natural resin–based flexible electrolyte membranes for energy applications","authors":"Vengadesh Krishna M,&nbsp;S. Selvasekarapandian,&nbsp;Malaichamy Ilanchelian","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06152-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06152-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sodium-ion–based solid electrolyte membranes for energy storage devices are gaining importance as a potential replacement for lithium-ion batteries. The limitations of synthetic and biopolymer-based solid electrolyte materials have led to the development of biomaterial-based polymer electrolytes for sustainable electrochemical energy storage applications. Recently, plant exudates (e.g., gums) have demonstrated excellent properties, including film-forming ability, polar coordination sites, biocompatibility, electrochemical stability, and eco-friendliness. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> gum (MG) comprises D-galactose, D-glucuronic acid, L-arabinose, L-mannose, and L-rhamnose, which contribute to its abundance of polar functional groups. Herein, MG-CF₃NaO₃S-based sodium-ion–conducting electrolyte membranes have been developed in different weight percentages by solution casting method. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirms the increased amorphous nature of 1 g MG + 0.5 wt.% CF₃NaO₃S (MGNA-3). The MGNA-3 membrane exhibits a low glass transition temperature of 78.52 °C. MGNA-3 demonstrates the highest ionic conductivity of 2.42 ± 0.04 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ at room temperature. The MGNA-3 membrane demonstrated an electrochemical stability window of 3.61 V and steady redox behavior over 20 cycles. A primary sodium-ion battery with the configuration Na|MGNA-3|V₂O₅-graphite exhibited a good open-circuit potential of 3.72 V. The battery showed excellent load discharge characteristics, sustaining stable performance under a 100 KΩ load for 120 h and operating effectively under other loads (10 KΩ and 1 KΩ). Furthermore, it successfully powered 20 LED lights connected in series, emitting bright light for 10 min, underscoring its robust electrochemical performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3391 - 3406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of novel NiCo2O4-Mn1-xCrxCo2O4 (x = 0.2, 0.6, 0.8) composites for oxygen evolution and methanol oxidation in alkaline medium","authors":"Reena Parihar,&nbsp;Prakhar Mishra,&nbsp;Yamini Singh,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Narendra Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06148-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06148-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrochemical properties of spinel oxide-spinel oxide composites [NiCo₂O₄-Mn_1-xCr_xCo₂O₄ (x = 0.2, 0.6, 0.8)] with regard to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) have been investigated. Co-precipitation and sol–gel techniques were utilized to synthesize the materials. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyse the physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials. Electrochemical examinations such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Tafel experiment were performed in 1 M KOH with and without methanol at 25 °C. The electrocatalytic performance of the materials was assessed via anodic polarization curves and NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.2Cr_0.8Co₂O₄ was found to be most active towards the OER (j = 33.5 mAcm⁻²) and NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.8Cr_0.2Co₂O₄ was found to be most active towards the MOR (j = 74.3 mAcm⁻²) at 750 mV. The electrodes’ durability was investigated using chronoamperometric studies and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) evaluations using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) offered further understanding into the enhancement in electrocatalytic activity. From the EIS experiment, the roughness factor for NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.8Cr_0.2Co₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.2Cr_0.8Co₂O₄ was calculated and found to be 6.48 &amp; 22.48, respectively in 1 M KOH. Using chronoamperometry experiment, the retained current (%) for NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.8Cr_0.2Co₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.2Cr_0.8Co₂O₄ was found to be 27% and 41%, respectively in 1 M KOH. The interplay in the thermodynamic properties of the electrocatalyst has been also investigated for OER and MOR. It was found that the nanocomposite NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.8Cr_0.2Co₂O₄ is well optimized to demand only 35 kJ mol⁻¹ of <span>(Delta H_{el}^{circ#})</span> at 650 mV for OER and the nanocomposite NiCo₂O₄-Mn_0.6Cr_0.4Co₂O₄ demands only 45 kJ mol⁻¹ of <span>(Delta H_{el}^{circ#})</span> at 550 mV for MOR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3479 - 3493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and the electrochemical performance of black NiO nanoflakes over a conductive fabric substrate","authors":"Aamir Ahmed,&nbsp;Yen-Lin Chu,&nbsp;Sheng-Joue Young,&nbsp;Madhav P. Chavhan,&nbsp;Ashok K. Sundramoorthy,&nbsp;Sandeep Arya","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06146-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06146-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black NiO nanoflakes synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method were investigated as supercapacitor electrode material. The structural, morphological, and compositional properties of the nanoflakes were analyzed, revealing a uniform size distribution and impurity-free composition. Electrochemical characterizations conducted in 6 M KOH electrolyte revealed that black NiO nanoflakes demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 340.21 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹, a low bulk resistance of 1.41 Ω, and retaining 75% capacitance at higher current density. The electrode demonstrated excellent cycling stability, retaining 65.32% of its specific capacitance after 6000 GCD cycles. The comparison with previously reported works highlights the potential of black NiO nanoflakes as a promising material for future supercapacitor applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3833 - 3845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O, P co-doped porous carbon derived from corn stalk for supercapacitors","authors":"Xiaosong Han,&nbsp;Meiyu Yang,&nbsp;Pinyi Yang,&nbsp;Yingying Guan,&nbsp;Ningning Huang,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Huan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06164-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06164-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>O, P co-doped porous carbon materials were successfully prepared by utilizing corn stalk as the carbon precursor, potassium citrate as the activating agent, and Na₂HPO₄ as both a co-activating agent and a dopant for O, P incorporation in this study, designated as CSPC-P-x. The resultant CSPC-P-x exhibited exceptional pore structures, featuring a high specific surface area, substantial pore volume, and a significant proportion of micropores. Notably, the introduction of Na₂HPO₄ significantly boosted the specific surface area of porous carbon materials. In a three-electrode system, the optimal CSPC-P-2 demonstrated superior capacitive performance of 334 F·g^‒1 in comparison with pristine CSPC of 171 F·g^‒1, as well as a stable capacitance retention of maintaining. Furthermore, the CSPC-P-2//CSPC-P-2 two-electrode symmetric supercapacitor delivered an impressive energy density of 7.4 Wh·kg⁻¹ at a high power density of 5000 W·kg⁻¹, which also exhibited remarkable cycle stability, with minimal degradation in capacitive performance after 10,000 cycles, underscoring its significant potential for practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 4","pages":"3683 - 3695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}