Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Modification strategies for lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) cathode composite materials in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jianbo Shen,&nbsp;Shanshan Shi,&nbsp;Cao Peng,&nbsp;Guodong Wang,&nbsp;Yundong Li,&nbsp;Hang Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07480-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07480-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>LMFP is an upgraded variant of LFP, characterized by a relatively high operating voltage (4.1 V vs. Li⁺/Li) and an energy density of 650 Wh·kg^− 1, positioning it as a research hotspot in the field of next-generation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This review systematically surveys recent advances in LMFP materials. It begins with an analysis of the crystal structure of LMFP and discusses the inherent challenges arising from the substitution of Fe sites with Mn in the olivine framework, including low electronic and ionic conductivity, as well as manganese dissolution induced by the Jahn–Teller distortion. It further explores strategies such as surface coating and morphological engineering during Li⁺ insertion/extraction to address these issues and enhance Li⁺ diffusion kinetics. Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms by which elemental doping—varying both the dopant species and doping sites—improves the electrochemical performance of LMFP. The review highlights that combining surface coating, morphological control, and multi-element co-doping at different lattice sites leads to a synergistic enhancement in the electrochemical performance of LMFP. Finally, based on current progress in LMFP modification, future research directions are proposed, aiming to provide both theoretical insight and practical guidance for the development of high-performance LMFP systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10251 - 10276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Transition metal sulfide Z-scheme photocatalysts: innovations in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation","authors":"Arghyadeep Das,&nbsp;Muthuraja Velpandian,&nbsp;Supriya Pulipaka","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07464-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07464-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal sulfide (TMS)-based Z-scheme photocatalysts have shown significant attention due to their efficient visible light absorption with unique charge transfer dynamics and tunable redox properties. These properties make them suitable for applications such as photocatalytic H₂ generation, CO₂ reduction, and environmental remediation due to their narrow bandgaps and tunable redox properties. However, several daunting challenges limit their practical implementation such as photocorrosion, complex heterojunction fabrication, poor long-term durability, charge carrier recombination, low quantum efficiency, and the toxicity of certain sulfide materials. The studies focusing on systematically comparing the mechanistic aspects of various TMS based Z-scheme architectures, commercial production and cost-effective catalyst design remains lacking. Hence this review addresses the gap by examines the recent advances in Z-scheme TMS photocatalysts and techno economical barriers and explore the unique characteristics of Z-scheme TMS systems, including their enhanced charge separation efficiency, improved redox capabilities, and superior visible light utilization. The review discusses various strategies for optimizing Z-scheme performance through interface engineering, electron mediator selection, and band alignment optimization. Special attention is given to perspectives like forming complex Z scheme based TMS heterojunction and its scalable synthesis methods. Furthermore, this review outlines the direct comparison with emerging S-scheme systems and insights in machine-learning band-alignment prediction to enhance the efficiency and durability of TMS Z-scheme photocatalysts, making them closer to industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10479 - 10509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judicious design photoelectrochemical seawater splitting for green hydrogen: nanostructured photoelectrodes, selectivity engineering, and durability and commerce","authors":"G P Jeslin Jebish","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07447-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07447-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green hydrogen produced by solar-driven water splitting is a cornerstone of global decarbonization strategies, yet oceans hold about 96.5% of the planet’s water, and freshwater scarcity increasingly constrains where electrolytic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen plants can be sited. Direct seawater splitting converting untreated or minimally treated seawater into hydrogen using sunlight has therefore emerged as one of the most intensively pursued frontiers in energy materials research. The central scientific obstacles are well defined but formidable: the chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) and hypochlorite formation compete with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the (photo)anode within a selectivity window that we show, from first principles, is already close to its ~ 480 mV alkaline maximum at the pH of natural seawater; chloride and bromide ions aggressively corrode semiconductors, cocatalysts, and current collectors; and Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ precipitation, biofouling, and particulate matter degrade interfaces over time. This review provides a critical, comparative synthesis of progress from roughly 2019 to 2026 in PEC and photocatalytic seawater splitting; monolithic PEC demonstrations in real or simulated seawater remain far less mature than the dark-electrolysis and PV-electrolysis (PV–E) benchmarks against which they are often implicitly compared, a distinction we maintain throughout via explicit device-type and electrolyte-tier classification. We first derive the thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity criteria that govern OER/ClER competition on a single, clearly defined potential scale, then critically assess rather than merely catalogue nanostructured photoanodes (TiO₂ nanotube arrays, BiVO₄, α-Fe₂O₃, WO₃, and protected Si and III–V architectures) and photocathodes operating in chloride media, weighing the activity gained from high surface area against the corrosion and scaling it amplifies. We analyze selectivity-engineering strategies alkaline operation, MnOx and chromate/phosphate permselective overlayers, NiFe-layered double hydroxides, sulfate-enriched anion shields, and hard-Lewis-acid local-environment modifiers alongside corrosion protection by atomic-layer-deposited TiO₂ and self-healing catalysts, and provide a dedicated, referenced degradation comparison across chloride-media photoanodes. System-level routes (membrane-based in situ desalination, forward osmosis, bipolar membranes, decoupled electrolysis, and the direct-versus-indirect seawater debate) are evaluated against techno-economic reality. Finally, we examine how density functional theory, high-throughput screening, and machine learning are accelerating the discovery of chlorine-tolerant, selective catalysts and photoelectrodes specifically for saline operation, and we articulate a roadmap of ten priority research directions each resolved into its core scientific bottleneck, the open scientific question it poses, and a concrete research proposal toward durable, s","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10543 - 10567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement in anode and cathode materials development for lithium-ion batteries: an overview of future prospects","authors":"Yogini Gunasekaran,&nbsp;Narmatha Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;Shahid Bashir,&nbsp;B. Vengadaesvaran,&nbsp;Saravanaa Gunasegeran,&nbsp;Nanthini Mohana Suntharam,&nbsp;S. Ramesh,&nbsp;K. Ramesh,&nbsp;Arasu Uttran,&nbsp;Surender Gunalan,&nbsp;Khishn Kumar Kandiah","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07427-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07427-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the global transition toward sustainable energy intensifies, the demand for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density, improved safety, and longer cycle life continues to increase. Conventional intercalation-based electrodes, primarily graphitic anodes (372 mAh/g) and cobalt-rich layered cathodes, are rapidly approaching their theoretical capacity ceilings, necessitating a fundamental shift in electrochemical host structures. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the frontier advancements in cathode chemistries, moving beyond incremental engineering to evaluate high-level structural design and interfacial stability. Simultaneously, we evaluate the evolution of the anode from carbonaceous hosts to high-capacity silicon-based composites (4200 mAh/g) and lithium metal anodes (LMAs). A critical discussion on the mechanical and chemical bottlenecks of these systems specifically the 300% volumetric expansion of silicon and the hazardous dendritic growth in lithium metal while assessing recent solutions such as nanostructuring, artificial SEI engineering, and high-entropy alloying have been analysed. By providing a comparative analysis of electrode materials and their associated challenges, this review offers insights into potential strategies for improving energy density and long-term performance in next-generation lithium-ion batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10455 - 10477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative electrolytes for improving the energy density and potential window of electrochemical supercapacitors","authors":"Anu Prathap M. Udayan,&nbsp;Balwinder Kaur,&nbsp;Sundaram Gunasekaran","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07437-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07437-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Supercapacitors (SC) have garnered a lot of interest lately due to their remarkable power density delivery capabilities. Their cyclic stability is better than that of batteries, and they are much safer. But their low energy density makes them hard to use in real life. Researchers have looked into a variety of methods for enhancing supercapacitors’ electrochemical performance in order to address this issue. These strategies also include making asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) or optimizing the electrolytes. This review looks at the new electrolytes that have been used in supercapacitors in the last few years. These include aqueous electrolytes, organic electrolytes, solid or quasi-solid electrolytes, and ionic liquid electrolytes. This review also summarizes the research conducted to date, including significant issues and potential approaches to solve them. The future challenges in the development of electrolytes are also emphasized and examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10379 - 10405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-ion pre-intercalation in intralayer and interlayer sites for enhanced ammonium‑ion storage performance of MnO2","authors":"Ting Xiao,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhang,&nbsp;Can Tang,&nbsp;Yuting Mei,&nbsp;Xiuru Li,&nbsp;Yulong Qiao,&nbsp;Lihua Jiang,&nbsp;Shibing Ni,&nbsp;Yequan Xiao,&nbsp;Xinyu Tan","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07426-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07426-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MnO₂ has emerged as a promising electrode material for aqueous ammonium ion supercapacitors due to its low cost and high theoretical capacitance. However, its practical application is hindered by inherently low electrical conductivity, insufficient practical capacitance, and poor structural stability during cycling. Herein, a synergistic optimization strategy is developed via intralayer and interlayer Mo/NH₄⁺ dual-ion pre-intercalation. Intralayer Mo-doping modulates the microstructure and crystal structure of MnO₂, increases active sites, and enhances conductivity through the introduction of oxygen vacancies. Meanwhile, in-situ electrochemical activation is employed to pre-intercalate NH₄⁺ ions, which further elevates the oxygen vacancy concentration and significantly improves the structural stability of the material. The optimized Mo-MnO₂/AC electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 668.5 F g^-1 at 2 mA cm^-2 and retains 97.92% of its initial capacity after 10,000 cycles at 25 mA cm^-2. An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Mo-MnO₂/AC as the positive electrode and activated carbon cloth as the negative electrode achieves an energy density of 1.52 mWh cm^-2 at a power density of 2 mW cm^-2. This work provides a synergistic pre-intercalation strategy for developing high-performance electrode materials for ammonium-ion energy storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11115 - 11125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced ionic conductivity in a sustainable eucalyptus gum-chitosan biopolymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications","authors":"Sandhiya Ezhumalai,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Shunmugavel,&nbsp;M. Kumar,&nbsp;S. Madeswaran,&nbsp;Ankur Rastogi","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07430-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07430-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer electrolytes, owing to their distinct characteristics, present a viable alternative to liquid electrolytes in batteries. This study presents a biodegradable polymer electrolyte membrane composed of a blend of eucalyptus gum (EG), chitosan (CS), and ammonium thiocyanate (ATC), which demonstrates enhanced ionic conductivity. The amorphous nature of the membranes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis elucidated the complexation between the biopolymer blend and the salt. Our results demonstrate that a blend containing 40 wt% of ATC results in six orders of magnitude enhancement in ionic conductivity (1.41 × 10⁻³ S cm^− 1) at ambient temperature, accompanied by a cation transfer number of 0.92. Moreover, linear sweep voltammetry indicates an electrochemical stability window of 1.93 V, and a fabricated proton battery shows an open circuit voltage of 1.79 V. These findings highlight the potential of the sustainable EG-CS blend as an efficient and eco-friendly polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11065 - 11078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized scaling model for ionic conductivity in gel polymer electrolytes: roles of polymer molecular weight and electrolyte content","authors":"Saeideh Alipoori","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07424-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07424-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are promising materials for flexible and solid-state electrochemical devices, yet a unified description of how polymer molecular weight (M_w) influences ionic conductivity remains limited. In this work, a generalized scaling-based model is proposed to decouple and quantify the independent effects of polymer molecular weight and electrolyte content on ion transport. Previously reported impedance data for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based GPEs containing H₃PO₄ and KCl are reanalyzed within this framework. At fixed electrolyte content, ionic conductivity follows a power-law dependence on Mw with a consistent scaling exponent of α ≈ 0.34–0.35, indicating strong coupling between ion transport and polymer segmental dynamics. At fixed Mw, increasing electrolyte content leads to an exponential dependence in conductivity governed by a plasticization parameter β, reflecting increased ion availability, enhanced free volume, and reduced structural constraints. The proposed model is further evaluated against independent gel polymer electrolyte systems reported in the literature, including PMMA- and PEO-based electrolytes, and demonstrates excellent agreement across different polymer chemistries and concentration regimes. Despite variations in transport mechanisms, the model captures the dominant conductivity trends with physically meaningful parameters. Overall, this scaling framework provides a compact and generalizable approach for analyzing, comparing, and designing gel polymer electrolytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11093 - 11113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Li-doping and electrochemical performance of P2-type layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Wenyuan Duan,&nbsp;Shaoquan Chen,&nbsp;Yutong Li,&nbsp;Miaomiao Li,&nbsp;Jiale Lu,&nbsp;Yanlin Li,&nbsp;Yuhang Yin","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07428-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07428-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Against the backdrop of global energy transition and lithium resource constraints, sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a key technological pathway in energy storage and low-speed power applications due to their advantages in resource availability, cost, and safety. Among various cathode materials, P2-type layered transition metal oxides exhibit outstanding electrochemical kinetics. In this study, P2-type Na_0.67Mn_0.5Fe_0.5O₂ was modified through Li⁺ doping using a urea-chelated hydrothermal method followed by high-temperature solid-state sintering, resulting in the synthesis of Na_0.62 Li_0.05Mn_0.5Fe_0.5O₂ cathode material. XRD and SEM characterization confirmed that the material maintains a pure P2-phase structure, with a unique secondary spherical morphology that enhances electrode-electrolyte contact and shortens sodium-ion diffusion pathways. Electrochemical tests revealed that Li⁺ doping effectively suppresses irreversible phase transitions at high voltages and alleviates cyclic stress accumulation. After 100 cycles at 100 mA·g^− 1, the capacity retention rate improved from 56.1% to 86.1%, accompanied by a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance and notable enhancements in interfacial kinetics and cycling stability. This work provides experimental insights and a feasible strategy for designing high-performance, low-cost sodium-ion battery cathodes, offering substantial value for advancing their commercial application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11079 - 11092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in rapid charging graphene batteries for electric vehicles: a review","authors":"Shashidhara Badiger,&nbsp;Ezhilarasan Ganesan","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07422-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07422-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme fast charging (XFC) of graphene-enabled lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a promising route for electric vehicles (EVs) because graphene can accelerate electron and lithium-ion transport while improving heat spreading. This review critically examines how graphene structure, synthesis route, electrode architecture, and thermal behavior influence charge rate, capacity retention, cycle life, and safety under EV-relevant conditions. It compares graphene-based cells with conventional LIBs, lithium titanate, and silicon-based anodes, while identifying the practical constraints of low tap density, first-cycle loss, cost, reproducibility, and scale-up. The evidence supports graphene most strongly as an engineered composite, coating, or conductive framework rather than as a universal replacement for established electrode materials. Commercial progress requires balanced full-cell validation at high areal loading, lean electrolyte content, realistic temperatures, and more than 1,000 fast-charge cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10527 - 10542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148961978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}