IonicsPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06258-5
Muhammad Moin, Mehrunisa Moin, Hairong Zhao, Omar Hammad Alsalmi, Abdul Waheed Anwar, Udayabhaskararao Thumu
{"title":"First-principles study of the structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of (P, Al, B)-doped Li2SiO3 system","authors":"Muhammad Moin, Mehrunisa Moin, Hairong Zhao, Omar Hammad Alsalmi, Abdul Waheed Anwar, Udayabhaskararao Thumu","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06258-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06258-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this investigation, Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>, a promising candidate as an electrolyte compound in Li⁺-ion-based batteries, exhibits a distinctive orthorhombic crystal structure. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) with the ultrasoft pseudopotential approach in density functional theory (DFT) is employed to gain significant insights into enhancing the performance and efficiency of Li-ion batteries utilizing silicon cathodes. The calculated bandgap values are 5.61 eV (Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>), 2.62 eV (Li<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>1.5</sub>P<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and 1.7 eV (Li<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>1.25</sub>P<sub>0.75</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) for the first doped material, 2.66 eV (Li<sub>1.5</sub>Al<sub>0.5</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) and 2.16 eV (Li<sub>1.25</sub>Al<sub>0.75</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) for the second material, and 3.71 eV (Li<sub>1.5</sub>B<sub>0.5</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) and 3.16 eV (Li<sub>1.25</sub>B<sub>0.75</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) for the third material. For Li–O bonds, the overlap between the 2 s state of lithium (Li) and the 2 s (2p<sub>x</sub>, 2p<sub>y</sub>, and 2p<sub>z</sub>) states of oxygen (O) is analyzed. The obtained results indicate that these systems exhibit mechanical stability and doping induced stability. The material structures display anisotropic and ductile elastic responses. Additionally, due to their narrow bandgaps, these materials demonstrate excellent photon absorption capabilities, as evidenced by their distinctive optical responses. This analysis identifies four new thermodynamically stable systems within the Li-Si–O framework, encompassing both pristine and doped structures. This theoretical investigation aims to explore the essential properties of cathode and anode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4157 - 4174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A medium temperature electrolyte with potential for use in high safety thermal batteries: LiF-LiCl-KBr-CsCl","authors":"Xinyu Zhang, Yusha Deng, Licheng Tang, Jiajun Zhu, Wulin Yang, Lingping Zhou, Zaifang Yuan, Licai Fu","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06263-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06263-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal batteries, as high-temperature primary batteries, typically operate at temperatures of 400 to 550 ℃ due to the high melting point of the electrolytes used. The extensive use of heating powder and the leakage and corrosion of the electrolyte caused by high operating temperatures pose significant safety threats to thermal batteries. To address this, we developed a LiF-LiCl-KBr-CsCl electrolyte with a melting point of 347 ℃, an enthalpy of melting of 103.9 J/g, a saturated vapor pressure of 7.21 Pa, and solid–liquid specific heat capacities of 0.58 J/(K·g) and 0.79 J/(K·g), respectively. Compared with the commercial LiF-LiCl-LiBr, the electrolyte leakage in the single battery was reduced to only 8.39% of that of LiF-LiCl-LiBr. The various physicochemical properties and experimental results of LiF-LiCl-KBr-CsCl indicate that its use in thermal batteries will enhance safety. Additionally, its reliable small-current discharge performance suggests it is a candidate for small-current, long-life thermal battery electrolytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4175 - 4186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IonicsPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06238-9
A. Erraji, R. Masrour, L. Xu
{"title":"Stability and investigation of LiTiO2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries and optoelectronic devices: An ab initio calculations","authors":"A. Erraji, R. Masrour, L. Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06238-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06238-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the structural stability and electronic, thermodynamic, and optical properties of Lithium titanium oxide<b> (</b>LiTiO<sub>2</sub>) were studied by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculated lattice constant for LiTiO<sub>2</sub> is 8.45 Å. The volume change of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) equals 6.15% during lithium insertion/extraction. The relevant characteristics of the battery are 1.99 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li for the voltage and 285 Wh.kg<sup>−1</sup> for the energy density. The thermodynamic properties of LiTiO<sub>2</sub> are obtained by the semi-harmonic Debye model. The heat capacity of LiTiO<sub>2</sub> is 370 J.mol<sup>−1</sup>.K<sup>−1</sup> approximately. The value of the heat capacity is high at constant volume. Therefore, the LiTiO<sub>2</sub> can be used as a heat storage material. The Debye stiffness of LiTiO<sub>2</sub> increases as the pressure increases. As a result, LiTiO<sub>2</sub> has various properties that make it suitable to be used as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries. Some optical properties of LiTiO<sub>2</sub> compound have been measured. The dielectric constant ε<sub>1</sub>(0) for LiTiO<sub>2</sub> compound is 47 if we use the GGA-PBE approach and 74.12 if we use the DFT + U approach. In addition, the LiTiO<sub>2</sub> compound shows excellent absorption capacity in the ultraviolet region. So, the LiTiO<sub>2</sub> can be used in optical memory devices. The high reflectivity in the visible region opens the possibility of using LiTiO<sub>2</sub> as a coating material to reduce solar heating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4131 - 4142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IonicsPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06253-w
Sai Li, Zeyi Xin, Yue Luo, Guangning Liao, Qi Li, Kui Zhang, Zari Tehrani, Rui Tan, Zhiming Feng
{"title":"Enhancing direct borohydride fuel cell performance via low-temperature plasma pretreatment of cobalt hydroxide catalysts","authors":"Sai Li, Zeyi Xin, Yue Luo, Guangning Liao, Qi Li, Kui Zhang, Zari Tehrani, Rui Tan, Zhiming Feng","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06253-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06253-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are increasingly recognized as a crucial component in the shift toward renewable energy, known for their high operational efficiency and reduced environmental impact. In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma pretreatment was first applied to p-CoCl<sub>2</sub> precursors, which were then reduced in situ with KBH<sub>4</sub> to develop p-Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> catalysts for use in DBFCs. The method markedly improved the electrocatalytic capabilities of the catalysts, achieving a peak power density of 244 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> in DBFCs, surpassing the performance of traditional Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> catalysts. The catalysts showed remarkable stability, enabling the fuel cells to operate effectively for over 210 h. The enhancement in performance is attributed to structural changes induced by the DBD plasma, including the creation of oxygen vacancies and an increase in catalytically active sites. This result demonstrates the significant impact of DBD plasma treatment on improving both the durability and efficacy of the catalysts, essential for propelling advancements in clean energy technologies and solidifying the position of DBFCs as a key innovation in the renewable energy field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4591 - 4602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IonicsPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06246-9
Jiang Lai, Aimin Tu, Kang Lai, Longya Xiao, Rahim Rahimi, Hongjie Jiang
{"title":"Experimental investigation into geometry-dependent practical behavior of all-solid-state reference electrodes","authors":"Jiang Lai, Aimin Tu, Kang Lai, Longya Xiao, Rahim Rahimi, Hongjie Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06246-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06246-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Almost all electroanalytical measurements require reference electrodes, creating a growing demand for low-cost, mass-producible, and stable reference electrodes. This study developed all-solid-state reference electrodes (ASSRE) via scalable manufacturing methods by using a combination of screen-printing and slot-die coating techniques. The correlation between the dimension of the reference membrane (RM) and the performance of the reference electrode was established by monitoring the potentiometric performances of electrodes with varying three-dimensional morphologies. Results indicated that the electrochemical performance of ASSRE is significantly influenced by their geometry. Increasing either the RM thickness or area enhances the ASSRE performance, particularly in terms of long-term stability and electrode-to-electrode reproducibility. The optimal performance was achieved by ASSRE with 160 µm thickness and 5 × 5 mm<sup>2</sup> area, exhibiting a low potential drift of 0.36 µV/h over 120 h, reproducibility of the standard potential within 0.2 mV, insensitivity to most interfering ions, and a 3-month shelf life. The reference electrode can be integrated into solid-state ion selective electrode (ISE), effectively replacing the conventional reference electrode. This study proposed a strategy to enhance the practical performance of flexible printed reference electrodes by optimizing their three-dimensional parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4455 - 4468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IonicsPub Date : 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06254-9
Mohd Faiz Hassan, Muhammad Zulhasnan Mohd Zahari, Muhammad Idlan Johar
{"title":"The effects of sodium methanoate on starch: a study of morphology, structure, and ionic conductivity","authors":"Mohd Faiz Hassan, Muhammad Zulhasnan Mohd Zahari, Muhammad Idlan Johar","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06254-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06254-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study prepared solid-state membranes using a starch-sodium salt mixture with distilled water and glycerin via solution casting. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that sodium methanoate (HCOONa) altered the structural characteristics of the membranes, tuning a crystalline-to-amorphous ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the complexity between starch and HCOONa, indicated by new functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) analysis revealed a rough yet uniform surface morphology and confirmed the homogeneous distribution of sodium within the polymer matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements demonstrated that the membrane with 30 wt% HCOONa had the highest ionic conductivity at 2.07 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>. These findings highlight the potential of these prepared solid biopolymer electrolytes as dual-purpose membranes—serving as both separators and electrolytes—in solid-state batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4441 - 4453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxygen activation-induced mesoporous structure: enhancing the rate performance of hard carbon anode materials in sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Peitong Li, Xue Li, Xiongkai Yang, Qiannan Huang, Feier Xie, Mingfeng Zhong, Pingan Liu, Zhijie Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06252-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06252-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hard carbon is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and potential for commercialization. However, its relatively low rate performance limits its application in fast-response energy storage systems, such as smart grids. In this study, bamboo-derived hard carbon was synthesized using a two-step process: low-temperature oxygen activation followed by high-temperature carbonization. Oxygen activation plays a key role in developing a mesoporous structure, enhancing the rate performance and capacity retention of the material. Additionally, oxygen-containing functional groups increase the interlayer spacing, improving intercalation capacity. The optimized anode, OEHC, achieved a reversible capacity of 316.41 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> at 0.1C, with high capacities of 210.98 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> at 2C and 102.25 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> at 5C. The mesoporous structure and oxygen-containing groups promote faster Na⁺ diffusion, reduce polarization effects, and improve kinetics at high rates, resulting in enhanced capacity retention. The preparation method is simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly, contributing to reducing the environmental impact of production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4333 - 4341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IonicsPub Date : 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06256-7
Ruslan R. Kayumov, Anna A. Lochina, Alexander N. Lapshin, Artem V. Bakirov, Alexander A. Glukhov, Lyubov V. Shmygleva
{"title":"Ion conductivity and physicochemical properties of lithium and sodium forms of perfluorinated sulfocationic membranes swollen with ethylene and propylene carbonates","authors":"Ruslan R. Kayumov, Anna A. Lochina, Alexander N. Lapshin, Artem V. Bakirov, Alexander A. Glukhov, Lyubov V. Shmygleva","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06256-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06256-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of efficient polymer electrolytes represents a crucial step in enhancing the safety of lithium and sodium-ion batteries. The perfluorinated membranes studied in this work offer a cost-effective alternative to the commonly used Nafion membrane. The paper presents data on a study of the molecular and supramolecular structure, thermal stability, degree of saturation, and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes based on the lithium and sodium forms of membranes swollen with ethylene and propylene carbonates. The molecular structure and thermal stability of the studied membranes are identical to those of the Nafion. In terms of ionic conductivity, these membranes are on par with, and in some cases outperform, Nafion. The conductivity of the lithium form of the studied membranes, plasticized with propylene carbonate, demonstrates a slight decrease in conductivity from 9 × 10<sup>−4</sup> to 2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> S cm<sup>–1</sup> with temperature change from + 70 to − 60 °C. Outstanding low-temperature performance along with flexibility and elasticity makes them an extremely promising option for use as electrolytes in Li-ion batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4405 - 4420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CePO4 coating for elevating cycle life and rate performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Hongqin Liang, Jieai Chen, Lei Li, Yunwang Fu, Jingcheng Wang, Xinglan Huang, Xuebu Hu, Guangpeng Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06262-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06262-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Layered LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM) is regarded as a highly promising cathode material for the upcoming generation of lithium-ion batteries, delivering a high energy density. Yet, severe Li<sup>+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> cationic mixing, along with the detrimental reactions occurring at the interface between active material and the electrolyte, impede its further progress in battery technology. To solve these issues, NCM with different contents of CePO<sub>4</sub> was synthesized via wet chemistry and high-temperature solid-phase method. The CePO<sub>4</sub> coating effectively suppresses side reactions, mitigates cation mixing, and promotes the transport and charge transfer of Li<sup>+</sup>. The results demonstrate that cycle life and rate performance of CePO<sub>4</sub>-coated NCM have been greatly improved compared to pristine NCM. The average capacity fade per cycle of CP-NCM2 for 100 cycles at 1C is 0.172% compared to 0.361% of NCM. Even at 5C, its discharge capacity reaches 118.0 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> compared to 82.6 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> of NCM. Hence, the CePO<sub>4</sub> coating serves as an effective method to enhance the electrochemical properties of NCM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4121 - 4129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IonicsPub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06257-6
Yonghong Lu, Weijie Yu, Shuhe Liu, Liexing Zhou
{"title":"FeS2 anchored to nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets for lithium-sulfur batteries","authors":"Yonghong Lu, Weijie Yu, Shuhe Liu, Liexing Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06257-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-025-06257-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted extensive attention as the next-generation rechargeable batteries because their theoretical energy density is much higher than that of traditional lithium-ion batteries. However, the poor cycling performance and rate capability caused by the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics remain major obstacles to their practical application. This paper reports a nitrogen-doped continuous porous carbon nanosheets (N-PCNS) host anchored with FeS₂ nanoparticles (N-PCNS@FeS<sub>2</sub>) prepared by a salt template method as an efficient catalytic matrix for the sulfur cathode. This host has strong adsorption ability for and promotes the catalytic conversion of polysulfides, hence inhibiting the shuttle of polysulfides. The sulfur cathode (N-PCNS@FeS<sub>2</sub>/S) has a high specific capacity of 1074.6 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> in the first cycle and a decay rate of 0.34% per cycle in the 100 cycles at 0.2 C. It has better performance compared to the cathode only using N-PCNS host. At a high rate of 1 C for charge and discharge, the capacity in the first cycle is 782.5 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup>, and a capacity of 471.9 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup> remains after 200 cycles, showing good cycling stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 5","pages":"4195 - 4208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}