Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Boosting acidic oxygen evolution reaction through morphology and structure collaborative modulation of iridium-based catalysts","authors":"Jiayao Deng,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Guo,&nbsp;Wenwen Yang,&nbsp;Liang Chang,&nbsp;Yinuo Wang,&nbsp;Hongjie Zhang,&nbsp;Guizhi Xu,&nbsp;Xiao Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07410-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07410-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a major bottleneck restricting the proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWEs) for sustainable hydrogen generation. Nevertheless, further boosting OER catalytic performance still faces considerable challenges. Moreover, chlorine impurities are frequently incorporated during catalyst fabrication, which compromises the goal of green‑hydrogen production. Herein, we prepared several Iridium-based catalysts via a chlorine-free two step mixed drying and calcination method. The incorporation of NaNO₃, KNO₃ and CsNO₃ realized the collaborative modulation of structure and morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that treatment with CsNO₃ yields a reduced iridium oxidation state and enhanced electron density at Ir active sites. Electrochemical tests confirmed notably reduced OER overpotentials (η) for catalysts modified with CsNO₃ (259.3 mV) and KNO₃ (264.7 mV) vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, the CsNO₃-modified catalyst exhibited outstanding 20 h stability in acidic media. We attribute the superior OER activity and stability of the CsNO₃-modified catalyst to the synergistic contributions of its distinctive nanorod morphology, unique new crystal structure (like K_0.25IrO₂), and enhanced electron density at Ir active sites. This study proposed a chlorine-free synthetic strategy that effectively enhances both electrocatalytic activity and durability, which promotes the development of high efficiency and sustainable PEM electrolysis technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11055 - 11063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and trends in efficient lithium recovery for lithium-ion battery recycling","authors":"Wentao Li,&nbsp;Shuo Gao,&nbsp;Weijian Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaxing Han,&nbsp;Yuhui Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Youwei Xu,&nbsp;Yingqing Bao,&nbsp;XiaoZhen Wu,&nbsp;Aigang Zhen,&nbsp;Binglong Zhu,&nbsp;Chunqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Hengfei Qin,&nbsp;Yan Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07419-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07419-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium is a critical element for the sustainable development of the new energy industry. The widespread adoption of electric vehicles and portable electronics has led to a surge in the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), resulting in a corresponding sharp increase in spent batteries. This robust market demand has strained lithium resources. Moreover, spent LIBs contain valuable metal resources like cobalt, nickel, and lithium, but also pose potential environmental risks. Consequently, the efficient recycling of lithium from spent LIBs is considered a crucial strategy to alleviate lithium shortages and secure the supply chain. This review categorizes the primary recycling methods into liquid-phase and solid-phase processes. It systematically examines current approaches, where liquid-phase systems include greener processes such as organic acid leaching, solvent extraction, and electrochemical oxidation, while solid-phase systems involve roasting and mechanical activation. The advantages, limitations, recent research progress, and future trends of these methods are analyzed. This work aims to provide insights and a framework for the efficient recycling of spent LIBs, thereby supporting the stable and sustainable growth of the new energy industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10511 - 10525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-supervised vision transformer framework for lithium-ion battery state of health estimation based on relaxation voltage","authors":"Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Shunli Zhang,&nbsp;Ye Yuan,&nbsp;Yuqian Fan","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07396-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07396-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate evaluation of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for ensuring the stability and reliability of energy storage and power systems. In practical applications, however, SOH estimation often encounters challenges such as missing data, noise interference, and limited labeled samples. To address these issues, a multi-channel Gramian Angular Field (GAF) image modeling and self-supervised Forgetting Vision Transformer framework (GAF-SSFViT) based on short-term relaxation voltage is proposed. The proposed approach integrates GAF-based image encoding, Simple Siamese Representation (SimSiam) self-supervised contrastive learning, Vision Transformer (ViT) feature extraction, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) temporal modeling to achieve high-precision SOH prediction and dynamic characterization. Through image augmentation strategies such as random masking and channel dropout, the model effectively captures degradation-sensitive representations during unsupervised pretraining and achieves end-to-end fine-tuning via progressive layer unfreezing. Comparative experiments were conducted and validated on both a custom dataset and the public dataset released by Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU), demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method. The results indicate that the new approach achieves significantly higher estimation accuracy and robustness than other models, reducing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) by approximately 60% on average, thereby fully verifying the advantages of the GAF-SSFViT framework. This study provides a robust and efficient SOH estimation framework for intelligent battery management systems (BMS).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11029 - 11053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in soluble lead-acid flow batteries technology: mechanisms, challenges, and optimization strategies","authors":"Yiwei Ma,&nbsp;Hanwen Cui,&nbsp;Chao Gao,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Zhengmeng Hou,&nbsp;Qichen Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07371-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07371-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soluble lead acid flow batteries (SLFBs) are a promising single electrolyte energy storage technology in which Pb²⁺ ions are stored in solution and reversibly converted to Pb at the negative electrode and PbO₂ at the positive electrode. This membrane free configuration combines the low material cost of conventional lead acid batteries with the flexible architecture of flow batteries, offering potential for low cost and long duration energy storage. This review provides a systematic overview of SLFBs based on the Pb/Pb²⁺ and PbO₂/Pb²⁺ redox couples, with emphasis on electrodeposition and dissolution behavior, electrode electrolyte interfacial evolution, Pb²⁺ mass transport, electrolyte chemistry, electrode design, and scalable cell architectures. The main technical barriers to practical deployment are critically discussed, including Pb dendrite formation, incomplete Pb stripping, reduced conductivity and stability of the PbO₂ layer, concentration gradient induced polarization, and nonuniform reaction distribution under flow conditions. Recent progress in electrolyte formulation, additive regulation, electrode surface engineering, flow field design, and multiscale interface control is further summarized. By linking reaction mechanisms, interfacial structure, and cell performance, this review clarifies the key structure performance relationships governing SLFB operation and outlines practical strategies for developing reliable, recyclable, and economically viable long duration storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10431 - 10454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of high lithium-ion content in modulating the electrical and electrochemical properties of polyvinyl alcohol polymer electrolyte","authors":"S. Mohamedazarudeen,&nbsp;C. Justin Raj","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07421-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07421-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ionic liquid based electrolytes for energy storage devices pose vulnerabilities such as internal short circuits and thermal runaway. To mitigate these issues, solid/quasi solid polymer electrolytes have been introduced due to their enhanced safety and flexibility. Alkali metal salts provide effective charge carriers that facilitate ion transport when combined with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which renders a conduction pathway to a greater extent and stays superiorly flexible and mechanically stable without significantly compromising conductivity. In this work, a high lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolyte based on PVA/LiClO₄ was investigated and prepared by a solution-casting method. The structural characteristics and interactions between LiClO₄ and PVA within the electrolyte matrix were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The resistivity, dielectric and other electrical properties were explored through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Among the various compositions investigated, the sample with a LiClO₄:PVA ratio of 1.5:1 exhibited a maximum ionic conductivity of 8.2⋅10^− 4 S/cm at room temperature, accompanied by dominant ionic mobility and enhanced dielectric polarization. Furthermore, the EIS analysis revealed the factors affecting the conductivity and shows the conduction type mechanism and relaxation behaviour of the polymer electrolyte at a certain frequency. The enhanced ionic conductivity may be due to the combined effects of several mechanisms (Solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, dielectric and thermionic polarization, conductive and viscoelastic relaxation, and ion-hopping transport). These characteristics make the developed polymer electrolyte a promising candidate for flexible energy storage applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11015 - 11028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Electrode Materials for High-Energy-Density Supercapacitors: Mechanisms, Challenges and Future Directions","authors":"Hussain Sawwan","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07415-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07415-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Supercapacitors (SCs) are acknowledged for their role as electrochemical energy storage devices, characterized by substantial power density, rapid charging and discharging abilities and extended longevity. However, enhancing energy density while maintaining high efficiency and long-term cycling stability remains a major challenge. This review provides a detailed discussion on the latest advances in electrode materials and device architectures for SCs. This review discusses carbon-based materials, including activated carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes, highlighting their electric double-layer charge storage mechanism and excellent cycling stability. This review focuses on transition metal oxides/hydroxides and conducting polymers, highlighting their pseudocapacitive features, theoretical capacitance, and limitations in conductivity and cycling stability. This review extensively discusses the structural tunability and electrochemical characteristics of emerging materials, including MXenes, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, transition metal dichalcogenides and various layered nanostructures. The synergistic effects of hybrid and nanocomposite systems have been pointed out as promising techniques to improve the energy density, facilitate ion transport and maintain long-term durability. A brief account of advances within flexible, solid-state and micro-supercapacitor configurations is also presented. The main challenges related to electrolyte limits, electrode stability, scalability and practical device-level evaluation are analyzed, alongside suggested future directions focusing on interface engineering, practical and scalable synthesis methods and scalable manufacture. This review aims to provide a systematic perspective for the careful advancement of cutting-edge, high-efficiency SCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10343 - 10378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An error compensation strategy for state-of-charge estimation based on ESPM and AOO-BPNN","authors":"Chenhui Li,&nbsp;Zhan Ma,&nbsp;Zhongkai Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07273-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07273-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) is a critical function of battery management system under complex working conditions. To improve the adaptability of SOC estimation to different working conditions, an error compensation strategy is proposed based on the extended single particle model (ESPM) in this paper, which combines backpropagation neural network (BPNN) with extended Kalman filter to compensate for the linearization error. The initial weights and thresholds of the BPNN are optimized by the animated oat optimization (AOO) algorithm, thereby addressing its tendency to fall into local optima. The SOC is preliminarily estimated based on ESPM, and then corrected by the error prediction results from the trained AOO-BPNN model. Under different conditions, the root mean square error (RMSE) of SOC estimation remains below 0.60%. Under different temperatures and aging cycles, the RMSEs do not exceed 0.45% and 0.31%, respectively. The research findings demonstrate that this strategy exhibits strong adaptability and robustness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10969 - 10982"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a biocarbon-derived N, P-doped carbon quantum dot supported AuNP electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of TSH","authors":"M. Deepa Lakshmi,&nbsp;S. Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;T. Aravind","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07413-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07413-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of sensitive and reliable methods for the detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is essential for the early diagnosis and effective management of thyroid-related disorders. In this work, a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on a biocarbon-derived N, P-doped carbon quantum dot-supported gold nanoparticle (Au/NPCQD) hybrid was successfully developed for the sensitive detection of TSH. The NPCQDs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method using jackfruit peel as a sustainable biomass precursor. Subsequently, Au nanoparticles were deposited in situ to form a highly conductive nanocomposite. The successful formation of the Au/NPCQD hybrid was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results further revealed a high surface area (~ 318 m² g⁻¹) and mesoporous structure, which facilitates efficient electrochemical sensing. The immunosensor was constructed by immobilizing anti-TSH antibodies onto the Au/NPCQD-modified electrode and evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range of 1–200 µIU mL⁻¹ with excellent linearity (R² = 0.9987) and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.42 µIU mL⁻¹. In addition, the developed immunosensor exhibited excellent selectivity against common interfering species, good repeatability (RSD ~ 1.21%) and reproducibility (RSD ~ 1.67%), as well as satisfactory long-term stability with 82.7% signal retention after 63 days. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots, which provide efficient electron transfer pathways and strong biomolecule interactions. Overall, the proposed Au/NPCQD-based immunosensor offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive platform for TSH detection with promising potential for clinical diagnostic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10983 - 11001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic performance of TiVCTx@La0.4Ca0.6Co0.6Fe0.4O3 composites toward the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions","authors":"Jie-yu Liang,&nbsp;Hua‑ling Wang,&nbsp;Hong-xia Huang,&nbsp;Qiu-ting Huang,&nbsp;Hou-qing Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao-dong Tang,&nbsp;Ji-hua Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07411-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07411-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing a highly efficient and low-cost bifunctional oxygen electrode catalytic material is of vital importance for the development of energy conversion and storage devices. Perovskite-type oxides (ABO₃) have been widely studied as one of the new candidate catalysts for oxygen electrodes due to their excellent catalytic performance. In this study, we synthesized MXene TiVCT<i>ₓ</i> and perovskite oxide La_0.4Ca_0.6Co_0.6Fe_0.4O₃, and combined the two materials at different mass ratios to prepare catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The oxygen electrode catalyzed by 10% TiVCT_<i>x</i> (TiVCT_<i>x</i> accounts for 10% of the total mass of the composite catalyst) exhibited excellent stability under steady-state galvanostatic conditions. In the polarization test, the catalytic oxygen electrode displayed the highest current densities of 0.3889 A·cm^− 2 (1.0 V vs. Hg/HgO) in anode mode and 0.2712 A·cm^− 2 (-0.6 V vs. Hg/HgO) in cathode mode. The charge transfer resistance of the electrode catalyzed by 10% TiVCT_<i>x</i> was lower than that of La_0.4Ca_0.6Co_0.6Fe_0.4O₃ and TiVCT_<i>x</i>. The results showed that the optimal mass ratio of TiVCT<i>ₓ</i> to La_0.4Ca_0.6Co_0.6Fe_0.4O₃ maximized the synergistic effect, yielding the best catalytic activity for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. This provides reliable material design ideas and experimental evidence for building efficient, stable and low-cost bifunctional oxygen electrodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"11003 - 11013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive extended Kalman filter with residual covariance matching for multi-time-scale state of charge estimation","authors":"Dan Liang,&nbsp;Bo Yang,&nbsp;Chang Cao","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07397-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07397-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit decoupled time-varying dynamic characteristics between slowly-varying equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters and rapidly-varying state-of-charge (SOC). Conventional frameworks enforce uniform update periods, inducing redundant ECM recalculations that consume excessive computational resources without commensurate accuracy benefits. This paper develops an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm with residual covariance matching for multi-time-scale SOC estimation. A theoretical maximum update period for ECM parameters is established using the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem and the battery’s time constant. The impact of different parameter update periods on SOC accuracy is systematically analyzed. An adaptive strategy dynamically adjusts the update frequency based on discharge rate and SOC change, triggering updates only when deviations exceed a significant threshold. Results demonstrate that the method maintains high SOC estimation accuracy while optimizing computational efficiency and provides an optimal balance for real-time applications. Under the Dynamic Stress Test (DST) conditions, the highest SOC estimation accuracy is achieved with the ECM parameters calculated at 4 s period. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decrease by 8.91% and 20.87%, respectively, and the algorithm’s running time decreases by more than 8%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 10","pages":"10939 - 10951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}