Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Supercapacitor performance of low-cost composite based on hyperbranched nickel-phthalocyanine and silk cotton carbon from Ceiba pentandra fruit","authors":"Mohammed Yaseen, Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar, AfraQuasar A. Nadaf, Mahesh S. Najare, Shivaraj Mantur","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05807-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05807-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Supercapacitors have developed popularity as energy storage devices due to their high safety, superior affordability, and environmental sustainability. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are one among the many metal–organic frameworks which have received minimal attention as an electrode material. Herein, the electrode material hyperbranched Ni-phthalocyanine (HDNiPc) intercalated with silk cotton carbon (SCW) obtained from <i>Ceiba pentandra</i> fruit has been explored for its supercapacitance property in different ratios. The electrode modification was carried out using the binder poly (vinyl alcohol)-tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA-TEOS) cross-linked hybrid solution. The morphology of the composite was confirmed through physicochemical characterization like BET, SEM, and XRD, and electrochemical features were studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The HDNiPc-SCW of 1:3 ratio has demonstrated superior specific capacitance of 230.94 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and good cyclic stability of 94.15% for over 5000 cycles. This work delivers a promising approach towards the development of supercapacitors using low-cost phthalocyanine/silk cotton carbon composite.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly preparation of V2O5/g-C3N4 nanosheets as efficient high-performance supercapacitor electrode material","authors":"P. Vijayakumar, N. Sethupathi, S. Manikandan, P. Mahalingam, P. Maadeswaran, K. A. Rameshkumar","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05815-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05815-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composites including g-C₃N₄ nanosheet carbon have been widely studied to solve challenges such as poor intrinsic electrical conductivity, substantial irreversibility, and exceptional stability. A time-saving hydrothermal autoclave synthesis method was used to fuse V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composite strands. V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composite is a hybrid nanoparticle with important properties for the electrode of a supercapacitor that has been studied and published. The phase structure, space group, and crystallite size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak examination. The resulting materials are analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average crystalline diameters of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅), and V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composites are 28 nm, 16 nm, and 12 nm, respectively. FESEM determines the distribution of V₂O₅ throughout the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. XPS detects the elements present in the composite, confirming the presence of V, O, C, and N. The V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composite provides insights into the surface chemistry and probable interactions between V₂O₅ and g-C₃N₄. V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ nanoparticles have a specific capacitance of 286.54 F/g and are estimated at 2 A/g using the galvanostatic charge–discharge technique, which provides superior stability even after 3000 charge/discharge cycles. Their remarkable performance is due to the synergistic impact of g-C₃N₄ and V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄. Such outstanding results may open up new possibilities for these electrode materials in high-energy–density storage devices. The composites also showed high cycle stability due to the peculiar structure of the V₂O₅ and synergy with g-C₃N₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of flower-like Cu2O thin films induced by nitrate through electro-deposition for PEC water reduction","authors":"Yuliang Hao, Xiaolei Zuo, Weiyi Zhao, Jichuan Wu, Xiaoqiang lin, Hongyan Wang, Zeshan Wang, Chuanxiang Hao, Song Xue","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05805-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05805-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) is a highly promising photocatalyst that facilitates efficient water splitting and hydrogen production under light conditions. In this study, Cu₂O thin film photocathodes were prepared through electro-deposition, with the inclusion of <span>(mathrm{NO}^{-}_{3})</span> ions resulting in the formation of a flower-like microstructure. The size, distribution and roughness of these clusters were found to be greatly influenced by the concentration of the <span>(mathrm{NO}^{-}_{3})</span> ions as confirmed by SEM and AFM characterizations. When 0.4 M <span>(mathrm{NO}^{-}_{3})</span> ions were used, a flat and compact structure with the smallest ‘flower bud’ was obtained. This structure achieved a maximum photocurrent density of − 2.90 mA/cm² @0 V vs. RHE, which is 2.2 times greater than that of bare Cu₂O. UV–Vis absorption, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and EIS measurements suggest that the compact microstructure facilitates enhanced ultraviolet absorption and separation of photogenerated holes and electrons. This results in a lower charge transfer resistance and a significant increase in photocurrent density. Additionally, a growth mechanism for the flower-like Cu₂O was proposed. The XPS and EDS analyses indicate that the addition of <span>(mathrm{NO}^{-}_{3})</span> during Cu₂O formation results in the adsorption of <span>(mathrm{NO}^{-}_{3})</span> onto the surface of the initial Cu₂O grain. This, in turn, catalyses the electrocatalytic reduction of <span>(mathrm{NO}^{-}_{3})</span> on the surface of Cu₂O, leading to the formation of NH + 4 ions as evidenced by XPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving electrochemical and photocatalytic performance of C3N4/poly(thiophene)/poly (3,4-ethylene dioxy thiophene) nanocomposite","authors":"S. Munusamy, T. Bavani, G. Gnanamoorthy, K. Ramamurthy, K. Kalpana, Majed A. Alotaibi","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05801-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05801-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a novel hybrid nanomaterial, C₃N₄-PTh-PEDOT, synthesized through a chemical oxidative technique. The research addresses the need for materials with enhanced catalytic properties and stability for diverse applications. The C₃N₄-PTh-PEDOT material exhibits significant improvements in catalytic performance, suitable for applications such as organic binder-free sources, modifications of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) electrodes, and as a reducing agent-free photocatalyst. The material demonstrates rapid electron transfer and excellent electrochemical stability, thanks to its core–shell structures and the interaction between the conjugated polymers PTh and PEDOT with C₃N₄. This hybrid material achieves 97.47% degradation of methyl blue (MB) in 80 min by minimizing electron–hole recombination, enhancing photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the C₃N₄-PTh-PEDOT-modified GCE enables sensitive detection of oxyfendazole (OFZ) using differential pulse voltammetry, showing a linear response within the concentration range of 0.32 × 10⁻⁷ to 3.7 × 10⁻⁸ M, with a sensitivity of 3.156 × 10⁻⁸ M µA⁻¹ and a limit of quantification of 10.7787 × 10⁻⁸ M µA⁻¹.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure, morphology, and luminescence properties of sol–gel-synthesized pure and cobalt-doped MgO nanoparticles","authors":"Purushotham Endla","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05812-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05812-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work reports a new morphology-inheriting methodology for pure and cobalt-doped MgO nanoparticles. MgO nanoparticles (MNPs) and co-doped MgO nanoparticles (CoMNPs) were synthesized at low temperatures using the sol–gel method with various concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of Co ions. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to analyze the structures of the pure MNPs and CoMNPs, revealing a single cubic phase free of secondary phases after calcination at 600 °C. The average crystallite size showed good agreement between the Debye–Scherrer and Hall–Williamson methods, and the FESEM images showed uniform spherical shapes with high crystallinity. Furthermore, the results were corroborated by calculations of the lattice strain and dislocation density. The crystallite size decreased from 14.66 to 11.38 nm (with the Scherrer method) and from 14.88 to 11.67 nm (with the Hall–Williamson method) as the Co doping concentration increased from 1 to 7%, showing a relationship between the two parameters. The effects of MNPs and CoMNPs on the characteristic photoluminescence (PL) peaks and photoluminescence properties of the produced nanoparticles were systematically examined, and both MNPs and CoMNPs were characterized using various techniques, such as FESEM and UV‒visible absorption spectroscopy. Using UV‒visible spectroscopy, the measurements were recorded in the wavelength range from 200 to 650 nm, and the energy gap values evaluated from Tauc’s plot were 5.45 eV for MNPs and 5.62, 5.82, 6.06, and 6.31 eV for 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% co-doped MNPs, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance eco-friendly tamarind gum-based biopolymer electrolytes for electric double-layer capacitor application","authors":"P. Saranya, K. Sundaramahalingam, D. Vanitha, M. Nandhinilakshmi, V. N. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05816-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05816-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mg⁺-ion-conducting tamarind gum (TG)-based biopolymer electrolytes (BPEs) are prepared by a simple solution-casting technique. XRD and FTIR analyses have revealed the dissociation and complexation of the salt with the polymer host. The glass transition temperature is observed for all the prepared electrolytes using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). By using AC impedance analysis, the higher ionic conductivity calculated for the sample 1-g TG with 0.5 g of salt (5 TML) is 3.48 × 10⁻³ S/cm. The temperature-dependent conduction mechanism of sample 5 TML follows three models: region I obeys the overlapping-large polaron tunneling (OLPT) model, the quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model is observed in region II, and region III obeys the nonoverlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) model. The minimum activation energy of 0.045 eV is observed for sample 5 TML according to the Arrhenius plot. The complex dielectric permittivity and dielectric modulus spectra are discussed. The relaxation time (τ) attained by tangent analysis for 5 TML is 7.94 × 10⁻⁷ s. From the transference number measurement, it is concluded that the conductivity is mostly due to the transfer of ions only. Using the 5 TML sample, a symmetrical supercapacitor and an electrochemical cell are fabricated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals a specific capacitance of 413.05 Fg⁻¹ at a low scan rate of 15 mV/s. From the GCD data, the power and energy density are calculated as 1499 W/kg and 100 Wh/kg, respectively. The cyclic stability is confirmed by the observed constant values of power and energy densities for different cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of PPy/PANI/MnO2-based electrode and its electrochemical evaluation for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Priyanka Elumalai, Julie Charles, L. John Kennedy","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05794-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05794-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new PPy/PANI/MnO₂polymer nanocomposite was synthesized through chemical oxidative polymerization process and fabricated as an efficient ternary electrode material for supercapacitors. All the synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDAX), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunner-Emmett-Teller theory (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The electrochemical behavior of ternary PPy/PANI/MnO₂ electrode was initially tested in neutral (1 M Na₂SO₄), alkaline (1 M KOH) and acidic (1 M H₂SO₄) electrolytes through cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a scan rate of 5 mV/s to fix the electrolyte. PPy/PANI/MnO₂electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 303.92 Fg⁻¹ in 1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte than in alkaline (82.93 Fg⁻¹) and acidic (136.64 Fg⁻¹) electrolytes. From GCD studies, PPy/PANI/MnO₂ exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 309.61 Fg⁻¹ at a current density of 5 A/g with 84% capacitive retention after 2500 charge/discharge cycles. Further, symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using PPy/PANI/MnO₂ electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance of 181.5 Fg⁻¹, energy density of 36.31 Wh/kg and power density of 2000 W/kg at 5 A/g. The low ESR (1.12 Ω) value exhibited by the fabricated supercapacitor and its capacitive retentivity of 79% at the end of 3000 charge/discharge cycles demonstrate its suitability for energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc positioning’s impact on electrochemical stability of γ-Al2O3 for supercapacitor efficiency","authors":"Deepannita Chakraborty, S. Maruthamuthu, Tholkappiyan Ramachandran, N. Priyadharsini, S. Kaleemulla","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05802-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05802-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrochemical properties exhibited by the zinc-doped alumina nanoparticles suggest their potential as another viable alternative for supercapacitor electrode applications. The strategic placement of Zn²⁺ ions within the interstices of the alumina lattice forms potential barriers between Al³⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions, acting as effective centers for trapping charges. The structural changes report a decrease in the average crystallite size from 9 to 5 nm. The formation of trapping centers is confirmed by the enhancement in optical band gap value from 1.89 to 4.21 eV. The XPS data confirms the oxidation state of + 3 and + 2 for Al and Zn ions, respectively. A prolonged charge retention and an increased energy storage density are evidenced by the observed value of 1237 F g^–1 at 1 A g^–1. Furthermore, the stability of alumina gets enhanced on doping, demonstrating for the first time an impressive 92% stability over 10,000 cycles. The 5% Zn-doped Al₂O₃ electrode has the highest diffusion coefficient of 8.9 × 10^–12 cm² s^–1, showing efficient active sites for electrolyte ion intercalation. The asymmetric supercapacitor device analysis with 5% Zn-doped alumina as one of the electrodes attains a stability of 85% after 5000 repeated cycles. The device achieves a better energy density value of 47.63 W h kg^–1 at a power delivery rate of 996.9 W kg^–1. This study offers valuable insights into the electrochemical performance of zinc-doped alumina nanoparticles, underscoring their potential for high-performance energy storage applications in supercapacitor devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of CoNi-ZIF-derived bimetallic-doped nitrogen-rich porous carbon (CoNi-NC) composite Bi2S3 in lithium-sulfur batteries","authors":"Zhifeng Zhao, Wangjun Feng, Yueping Niu, Wenting Hu, Wenxiao Su, Xiaoping Zheng, Li Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05806-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05806-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium-sulfur batteries have not been widely commercialized due to issues with poor conductivity of the active material and the shuttle effect, both of which are effectively addressed in this study. The porous carbon CoNi-NC, derived from high-temperature carbonization of the cobalt–nickel metal–organic framework CoNi-ZIF, was utilized as the carbon substrate. It exhibits excellent specific surface area and a well-developed pore structure, thereby optimizing the conductivity and sulfur-loading capacity of the material. The incorporation of polar Bi₂S₃ effectively adsorbs polysulfides, retards the shuttle effect, and enhances the reaction kinetics of lithium-sulfur batteries. Electrochemical tests revealed that the CoNi-NC@Bi₂S₃ electrode achieved a specific discharge capacity of 1107 mAh/g at 0.1 C rate, demonstrating excellent rate capability. Moreover, the cathode material maintained a specific discharge capacity of 796.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 C, indicating robust cycling stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles and influencing mechanisms of Fe2+ and Lix984 in copper electrodeposition","authors":"Zhen Zhong, Guo Lin, Xiaowei Sheng, Tu Hu, Shixing Wang, Shiwei Li, Hongying Xia, Hongli Cao, Libo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11581-024-05797-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05797-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the copper (Cu) hydrometallurgical process, the extractant, and impurity ions in the leaching process would inevitably enter the electrolyte in the electrodeposition with the process cycle. And with the recycling of electrolyte, the impurities would continue to accumulate. When the accumulation of impurities exceeds a certain limit, it could have a large negative impact on the deposited Cu. In this paper, the effects of the ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) and the commonly used extractant Lix984 (5-nonylsalicylaldehyde oxime and 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime 1:1 mixture) on the morphology, current efficiency (CE) and energy consumption of Cu cathodes were investigated. In addition, the electrochemical mechanisms were investigated using electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), Tafel linear fitting and chronopotentiometry (CP). When the Fe²⁺ concentration was 2.0 g/L, the CE decreased sharply to 93.63%, which was 6.21% lower than normal. And the Lix984 at 50 mg/L reduced the CE from 5.88% to 93.99%. The energy consumption increased by up to 89 kWh/ (t Cu). Electrochemical studies showed that high concentrations of Fe²⁺ and/or Lix984 in the electrolyte significantly inhibited Cu deposition by increasing the overpotential, decreasing the deposition rate, and covering the electrode surface, resulting in larger Cu coating roughness and larger grain size. Therefore, the concentration of Fe²⁺ and organic impurities in the electrolyte should be appropriately controlled before proceeding to Cu electrodeposition to obtain a favorable quality Cu cathode.</p>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}