Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Precisely regulating the d-band center of Ni3S2 by doping M (M = Fe, Zn and Sn) as efficient electrocatalytic seawater splitting catalysts","authors":"Qiong Fu,&nbsp;Xiaoru Chai,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Du","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07063-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07063-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The technology of H₂ production from water electrolysis has attracted much attention due to its sustainable characteristics. In this paper, through the strategies of atomic doping, the M (M = Fe, Zn and Sn)-Ni₃S₂/NF catalyst was successfully prepared for overall seawater splitting. In 1.0 M KOH + seawater electrolyte system, the Fe-Ni₃S₂/NF shows acceptable stability in a two-electrode system and can achieve efficient overall seawater splitting at a potential of 1.568 V. The experimental results show that the increase in activity for Fe-Ni₃S₂/NF is attributed to faster electron transfer, more exposure of active sites and enhanced conductivity due to doping of Fe. Through density functional theory calculations, the doping of Fe significantly regulate the d-band center of Ni₃S₂ catalyst, reduces the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption, and improves the charge transfer efficiency. This work provides a novel design idea for the development of high-efficiency and low-cost electrodes for seawater electrolysis to produce hydrogen, promotes the sustainable development of hydrogen energy technology, and lays an important foundation for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4469 - 4484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable parallel GRU–LSTM model for predictive maintenance of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Rahul Kumar Kamboj,&nbsp;Mukesh Singh,&nbsp;Ashima Singh,&nbsp;Anju Bala","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07053-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07053-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurately estimating the State of Health (SoH) of lithium-ion batteries is vital for designing safe battery management systems (BMS). This is particularly important in electric vehicles, where battery health directly affects driving range, safety, and overall lifespan. In this study, a parallel hybrid deep learning model that leverages the strengths of both Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks is presented. While LSTMs are well-suited for capturing long-term dependencies in battery degradation, GRUs provide efficiency in modelling shorter-term patterns. By running these architectures in parallel, our framework learns a richer representation of degradation dynamics, improving predictive accuracy. To ensure the model’s robustness and adaptability, it was evaluated on two widely recognised datasets i.e. NASA and CALCE. Further enhanced performance using Bayesian optimisation for hyperparameter tuning and 5-fold cross-validation to minimise the risk of overfitting. Recognising that trust and interpretability are essential in safety-critical applications such as electric mobility, integrated Explainable AI (XAI) techniques were applied. In particular, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was used to reveal how different input features influence the model’s predictions, providing transparency and interpretability in the decision-making process. Overall, this work presents a powerful, efficient, and explainable framework for predictive health monitoring of lithium-ion batteries, combining high performance with safety for real-world applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4227 - 4243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean carbon coated zinc oxide nanoparticles as a cathode in aluminium ion battery","authors":"Dhanus Kumar Bharathamani,&nbsp;Ravi Subban","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07031-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07031-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aluminium–ion and aluminium–air batteries perform as cost-effective and sustainable energy storage systems, but their commercial application remains limited due to challenges such as aluminium anode self-corrosion, slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, and the use of expensive catalysts. In this study, nitrogen-rich soybean carbon-coated zinc oxide (C-ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to form a cathode film. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Elemental analysis revealed 4.68% nitrogen in the soybean carbon. XRD confirmed crystalline ZnO (peaks at 2 <i>θ</i> = 31.84° to 61.2°) and hexagonal carbon structure (2 <i>θ</i> ≈ 26.32°), with a particle size of 27.41 <i>nm</i>. SEM images showed nanofibrous morphology, and TGA indicated four-stage weight loss with 43.56% residue at 800 °C. The particle size by intensity wasobserved to be 169.99 nm and has a zeta average of 5.4 μm and a polydispersity index of 1. Electrochemical behaviour was studied using cyclic voltammetry, and a prototype aluminium-ion battery was assembled. The battery powered a red LED for 95 h continuously at 1.8 <i>V</i> with a 20 mA discharge current, achieving 54 mW power. Using 4.38 <i>g</i> aluminium anode and 1.45 <i>g</i> cathode material in 4 M KOH, the battery delivered a specific capacity of 326 <i>mAh g⁻¹</i> and energy density of 3243 <i>Whkg⁻¹</i>. This work demonstrates a promising bio-derived cathode approach for aluminium-based batteries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4367 - 4378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the electrochemical performance of Mn2P2O7 as a conversion anode for sodium-ion battery","authors":"Sadish Kumar PM,&nbsp;Vasekaran Mahadevan,&nbsp;Kiruthiga Kaliyamoorthy,&nbsp;Veena Ragupathi","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07054-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07054-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, we report the synthesis and electrochemical characteristics of manganese pyrophosphate as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. The Mn₂P₂O₇ is synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, XPS) and morphological analyses (FESEM and HRTEM) results reveal the formation of Mn₂P₂O₇. Mn₂P₂O₇/Na half-cell delivers the first charge/discharge capacity of 224.8/240.2 mAh g^− 1 with columbic efficiency of 93.6%. In Mn₂P₂O₇ anodes, sodium storage proceeds by topotactic phase transformation and also preserves the pyrophosphate (P₂O₇) framework.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4317 - 4322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental, mathematical modelling and theoretical investigation of Ti and Sn Co-doped LiMn₂O₄; enhancing structural and electrochemical properties for cathode Lithium-Ion batteries","authors":"Nur Asiah Mohd Makhatar,&nbsp;Aida Fazliza Mat Fadzil ,&nbsp;Noor ‘Aisyah Johari,&nbsp;Fatin Nabilah Sazman,&nbsp;Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin,&nbsp;Mohamad Fariz Mohamad Taib","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07021-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07021-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spinel-structured material LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) has attracted attention for its good rate capability but suffers from capacity fading, manganese dissolution, and poor stability at high temperatures. Partial doping with other elements is an effective strategy to address these issues. To identify suitable dopants, a mathematical modelling on flow and heat transfer using water mixed with Titanium, Aluminium, and Copper nanoparticles was conducted. The results showed that heat transfer improves mainly at low nanoparticle concentrations, with Titanium–water performing better than Aluminium–water and Copper–water. Stannum (Sn) was then chosen as a co-dopant due to its ability to enhance both structural and electrochemical properties when used in multi-dopant systems. Thus, Ti and Sn co-doped LiMn_2−x−yTi_xSn_yO₄ was proposed for improved structural stability. Pristine LMO, Ti-doped (LMTO), and Ti-Sn co-doped (LMTSO) samples were synthesized via the combustion method and annealed at 700 °C for 24 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement confirmed single-phase cubic spinel formation without structural disorder. Feild Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Scpectroscopy (EDX) analyses showed uniformly distributed polyhedral particles below 100 nm, with homogeneous distribution of Mn, O, Ti, and Sn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using GGA-PBE were carried out to evaluate the stability of Ti and Sn doping at different lattice sites, confirming the theoretical predictions with the experimental findings. Electrochemical testing revealed that LMTO and LMTSO delivered initial discharge capacities of 124.4 mAhg⁻¹ and 156.7 mAhg⁻¹, respectively. These results highlight that partial substitution with Ti and Sn significantly enhances both structural stability and electrochemical performance, offering a promising pathway towards durable, high-capacity cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4087 - 4101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on shaped monolithic MOFs for photocatalytic environmental remediation and fuel and energy production","authors":"Bin Guo,&nbsp;Yibo Wang,&nbsp;Da Shi,&nbsp;Sheng Han,&nbsp;Likun Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-06979-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-06979-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer exceptional promise in photocatalysis due to their high surface areas, tunable porosity, and modular functionality. However, their conventional powdered form presents significant drawbacks to industrial applications, including pipe blocking, catalyst loss, and high cost in separation. Shaped monolithic MOFs from gels, foams, membranes, and 3D-printed structures could show great potentials to address these problems with enhanced mechanical stability, reduced catalyst lost and economical cost in catalyst recovery. This review critically examines advanced shaping techniques methods such as sol-gel processing, extrusion, and in-situ growth on substrates and highlights differences between each specific methods towards accessing engineering processes and photocatalysis reactions. Then, we mainly summarized and illustrated the performance benefits and applications potential of monolithic MOFs in photocatalysis, especially in the degradation of chemicals and reactions that mainly include hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, organic transformation, and hydrolysis for hydrogen production in multiple environmental and energy fields. We then detail how monolithic MOFs fundamentally enhance photocatalysis as their possible mesopore networks improve mass transfer and photon absorption and monolithic MOFs also could combine with other hard templates structures to promote charge carrier separation and stability. Finally, we discuss the ongoing challenges of scalability, cost-effective fabrication, and long-term stability under operational conditions, outlining a roadmap for future research aimed at transitioning MOF photocatalysts from laboratory innovation to industrial reality.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"3791 - 3828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemically synthesized 2 H-MoS₂/sulfur-doped graphene composite at room temperature with superior lithium storage performance","authors":"Aysu S. Sahin,&nbsp;Ayse V. Hacinecipoglu,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Bujasim,&nbsp;Metin Gencten,&nbsp;Yucel Sahin","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-06996-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-06996-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study introduces a novel room-temperature electrochemical synthesis method for composite anode materials made of 2 H-Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂) and sulfur-doped graphene powders (S-GP) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The composite leverages MoS₂’s high lithium storage capacity and the electrical conductivity of sulfur-doped graphene for enhanced performance. Structural characterization using Raman spectroscopy, XPS, XRD, SEM, and TEM confirms successful synthesis and a unique composite structure. Electrochemical tests show an initial capacity of 1433 mAh/g at 0.1 C, with good recovery at higher C-rates, indicating excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Extended cycling tests demonstrate that the material retains ~ 248 mAh/g at 10 C, with over 90% Coulombic efficiency for more than 100 cycles. This scalable, environmentally friendly synthesis method provides a promising path for next-generation energy storage. The findings highlight the potential of MoS₂ and sulfur-doped graphene as high-performance anode materials, improving energy density and long-term stability in LIBs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4179 - 4201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on sodium-sulfur batteries with high electrochemical performance and enhanced safety","authors":"T. Theivasanthi,&nbsp;K. Siva,&nbsp;S. Balaguru Venkatesh,&nbsp;Subash C. B. Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07025-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07025-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sodium-sulfur batteries (Na-S) are electrochemical energy storage systems where redox reactions occur between sulfur cathode and sodium anode. They exhibit high theoretical capacity, high energy density and long cycle life. They are portable when compared to lead acid batteries and supply power for a long period. The slow redox kinetics and polysulfide shuttling problems limit the practical applications of metal-sulfur batteries. They are more significant for the development of pilot-scale energy storage systems. Na-S batteries work conventionally at high-temperatures that results in more energy loss. Room temperature Na-S batteries are emerging with high energy density, lower cost and more safety. They also suffer from polysulfide shuttling and dendrite formation that hinder the commercialization of these devices. This review paper discusses the increase in the rate capability and cycle stability of Na-S batteries in response to designing of electrode materials, separators and electrolytes to achieve the industry standards.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"3717 - 3731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot construction of Cu-doped BiOCl using molten salt for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B","authors":"Chenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Ruohan Shen,&nbsp;Shumin Zhang,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Xu,&nbsp;Jia Yu,&nbsp;Sheng Han","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07039-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07039-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ion doping represents an effective strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) by tailoring its electronic structure. In this study, Cu-doped BiOCl (Cu-BiOCl) powders were synthesized via a facile molten salt method. The as-prepared Cu-BiOCl samples exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity toward Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible light compared to pristine BiOCl. Among them, 10%Cu-BiOCl demonstrated the optimal performance, achieving 95.5% RhB removal within 50 min. The incorporation of Cu not only broadened the intrinsic optical absorption but also induced strong tail absorption in the 600–800 nm range. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that Cu doping introduces impurity levels, narrowing the band gap and promoting charge separation. This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of efficient BiOCl-based photocatalysts for water purification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4543 - 4555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver-polyindole decorated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanohybrids for improved pseudocapacitance and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B","authors":"M. Bhuvaneswari,&nbsp;M. Muthukrishnaveni,&nbsp;A. C. Ramesh Babu,&nbsp;A. Raja,&nbsp;B. Krishnakumar,&nbsp;R. Marnadu,&nbsp;S. AlFaify,&nbsp;Mohd. Shkir","doi":"10.1007/s11581-026-07046-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11581-026-07046-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sustainable synthesis route was adopted to prepare a composite comprising silver (Ag) nanoparticles embedded within a polyindole and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) matrix, intended for use as an active electrode in supercapacitors and photocatalytic applications. The material was comprehensively characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM/HRTEM, and BET isotherm analysis. Electrochemical evaluation, performed in a three-electrode setup with 1.0 M H₂SO₄ as the electrolyte, revealed a high specific capacitance of 1022.8 F g⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability, with 93% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹. Ragone plot analysis corroborated the superior capacitive properties of the composites. Additionally, its photocatalytic efficiency was demonstrated in Rhodamine B dye degradation, achieving 98.9% removal within 120 min and following pseudo-first-order kinetics. These findings position the Ag/polyindole@g-C₃N₄ composite as a promising multifunctional material for both advanced supercapacitor electrodes and photocatalytic wastewater treatment applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"32 4","pages":"4529 - 4542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}