Preparation of vanadium flow battery electrolytes: in-depth analysis and prospects of multifaceted approaches

IF 2.6 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Ionics Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI:10.1007/s11581-025-06498-5

Linsen Wei, Haijun Hou, Jin Wang, Yanxiao Chen, Yuanyuan Chen, Rui Chen, Rong Li

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Abstract

The preparation technology for vanadium flow battery (VRFB) electrolytes directly impacts their energy storage performance and economic viability. This review analyzes mainstream methods: The direct dissolution method offers a simple process but suffers from low dissolution rates, precipitation tendencies, and requires optimization of reductants and enhancement techniques. The electrolytic reduction method enables precise control over vanadium ion valence states but faces challenges such as high energy consumption and complex equipment. The solvent extraction method efficiently separates vanadium from impurities but involves lengthy procedures and emulsification risks. The ion exchange method is suitable for low-concentration purification but is constrained by limited resin capacity and wastewater treatment difficulties. Future efforts should focus on developing short-process technologies based on vanadium leaching solutions, overcoming bottlenecks in impurity separation and concentration enhancement, and advancing large-scale production of low-cost, high-stability electrolytes to accelerate VRFB applications in energy storage systems.

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钒液流电池电解液的制备：多方面方法的深入分析与展望

钒液流电池（VRFB）电解质的制备工艺直接影响其储能性能和经济可行性。本文对主流方法进行了分析：直接溶出法工艺简单，但溶出率低，有沉淀倾向，需要优化还原剂和增强技术；电解还原法能够精确控制钒离子价态，但面临着能耗高、设备复杂等挑战。溶剂萃取法能有效地将钒从杂质中分离出来，但过程冗长且存在乳化风险。离子交换法适用于低浓度净化，但受树脂容量有限和废水处理困难的限制。未来的工作重点是开发基于钒浸出溶液的短流程技术，克服杂质分离和浓度提高的瓶颈，推进低成本、高稳定性电解质的大规模生产，加快VRFB在储能系统中的应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ionics 化学-电化学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

427

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Ionics is publishing original results in the fields of science and technology of ionic motion. This includes theoretical, experimental and practical work on electrolytes, electrode, ionic/electronic interfaces, ionic transport aspects of corrosion, galvanic cells, e.g. for thermodynamic and kinetic studies, batteries, fuel cells, sensors and electrochromics. Fast solid ionic conductors are presently providing new opportunities in view of several advantages, in addition to conventional liquid electrolytes.