International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Orientation-dependent mechanical response of photopolymer resin specimens fabricated by masked stereolithography-based 3D printing","authors":"Gourav Sardana,&nbsp;Kanad Harshal Nemade,&nbsp;Subrata Bandhu Ghosh,&nbsp;Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00480-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00480-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the mechanical performance of ASTM standard specimens fabricated using a masked stereolithography (MSLA) based 3D printer in various build orientations. MSLA 3D printers employ ultraviolet (UV) light transmitted through an LCD screen mask to selectively cure liquid photopolymer resin in a layer-by-layer manner. This layer-wise stacking was hypothesised to induce apparent mechanical anisotropy, a phenomenon commonly observed in fused deposition modelling (FDM). Unlike FDM, where interlayer bonding is primarily led by thermal diffusion and physical chain entanglement without chemical crosslinking, MSLA involves photopolymerization-driven network formation, offering fundamentally different interlayer interactions. To isolate the effect of build orientation, printing parameters such as layer thickness and exposure time were kept constant across all prints. Tensile, flexural, and compression specimens were fabricated using a PLA-polyol-derived photopolymer resin at seven orientations: 45°-45°, 45° vertical, 90° vertical, 90° horizontal, 45° horizontal, 0° dorsal, and 45° dorsal. Standard mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of build orientation on mechanical properties and failure behaviour. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant dependence of compressive strength on build orientation, whereas tensile and flexural properties did not show statistically significant differences within the tested sample size. Fracture surface analysis using optical microscopy indicated predominantly brittle fracture behaviour across all specimens, with crack initiation consistently associated with printing-induced defects such as pores and interlayer voids. No clear macroscopic evidence of interlayer delamination or orientation-dependent fracture mechanisms was observed under the employed imaging conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00480-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a blended organoclay system for oil-based drilling fluids under HPHT conditions","authors":"Ali Mahmoud,&nbsp;Rahul Gajbhiye,&nbsp;Salaheldin Elkatatny","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00482-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00482-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) conditions is strongly influenced by organoclay (OC) additives; however, a systematic understanding of how mineralogical composition and particle size distribution (PSD) influence the structure–property relationships in blended OC systems remains limited. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effect of a blended OC system on the rheological behavior, sag resistance, electrical stability, and filtration performance of OBDFs at 275 °F. A 1:1 mixture of illite-rich (Claytone-3) and montmorillonite-rich (Claytone-SF) OCs was evaluated against individual OCs and a commercial reference (MC-TONE) within a controlled formulation framework.</p><p>The blended system demonstrated significant performance enhancement, with yield point increasing by approximately 37.5% and gel strength by up to 30% compared to individual formulations. Filtration performance improved, as indicated by a reduction in filtrate volume by about 10.5% and filter cake thickness by approximately 8%. The blended system also exhibited higher electrical stability and reduced static and dynamic sag, indicating improved suspension capacity and emulsion stability under HPHT conditions.</p><p>These improvements are attributed to complementary mineralogical and morphological characteristics, where a broader particle size distribution promotes enhanced particle packing and formation of a more interconnected gel network. The findings establish a structure–property relationship linking mineralogy, particle size distribution, and macroscopic fluid performance.</p><p>This study demonstrates that controlled blending of OCs can systematically enhance drilling fluid performance without increasing additive dosage, providing a practical and scalable approach for optimizing OBDF formulations under elevated temperature conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00482-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal additive manufacturing technologies: a review of material response, fabrication approaches, microstructural development, mechanical characteristics, and reliability performance","authors":"Praveena Bindiganavile Anand,&nbsp;Ali B. M. Ali,&nbsp;Santhosh Nagaraja,&nbsp;Aseel Smerat,&nbsp;Ahmed Shakir Al-Hiti,&nbsp;Wahaj Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00488-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00488-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a critical manufacturing route for producing geometrically complex metallic components; however, its structural application is limited by strong process–structure–property coupling and defect-driven reliability concerns. This review provides a rigorous and integrated analysis of metal AM technologies by quantitatively and mechanistically linking fabrication conditions with microstructural evolution, mechanical response, and long-term performance. Primary processing routes including powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition, and binder jetting are evaluated in terms of energy density, melt pool dynamics, and thermal gradients that govern solidification kinetics. The response of key alloy systems (steels, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and nickel-based superalloys) is examined with respect to phase transformation pathways, grain morphology (columnar vs. equiaxed), texture development, and defect formation mechanisms such as porosity, lack of fusion, and keyholing. The influence of these microstructural features on anisotropic mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, fatigue life, and fracture resistance, is critically analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the role of thermal history and cyclic reheating in generating residual stresses and microstructural heterogeneity, which directly impact reliability under service conditions. The effectiveness of post-processing techniques such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing in modifying defect populations and enhancing structural integrity is also assessed. Current limitations in process repeatability, standardization, and predictive modeling are identified, highlighting the need for integrated in-situ monitoring, physics-informed modeling, and data-driven optimization. This review establishes a mechanistic framework for understanding and improving the reliability of metal additive manufacturing in structural applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00488-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalysts for demetallation of low-temperature coal tar","authors":"Bowen Ma,&nbsp;Jiaqing Song,&nbsp;Yuhui Guo,&nbsp;Yuan Zhao,&nbsp;Bin An","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00485-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00485-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A variety of catalysts were prepared to investigate the effects of active metals and phosphorous on hydrodemetallation (HDM) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of a typical medium-temperature coal tar from Xinjiang in China. A dispersant is used to improve the dispersion of active components on the surface of the support compared with the catalysts without dispersant. The hydrodemetallation products of the autoclave under mild conditions were characterized by inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) and microcoulometer. The difficulty of metal removal is as follows: Mg&gt; Na&gt; Al&gt; Ca&gt; Fe. The combination of H₃PO₄, (NH4) 6Mo7O24·4H2O, and Ni(NO3) 2·6H2O precursors generated more type II “Ni-Mo-S” active phases, with the highest catalytic activity. The XPS characterization revealed that phosphorus and PVP addition modulated metal-support interactions, promoted the formation of highly dispersed NiMoS active phases, and increased the sulfidation degree of Mo species, which contributed to the enhanced HDM activity. The hydrogenation desulfurization and hydrogenation demetallation occur at the same active site. The catalyst showed good stability within 168 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00485-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New mathematical models for determining phase balance and solid-state alloy diffusion in the Heat-Affected Zone of GMAW-Welded Duplex Stainless Steels","authors":"Sandra Chacón-Fernández,&nbsp;Antonio Portolés García","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00475-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00475-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Duplex stainless steel (DSS) welding involves complex thermal cycles that modify the ferrite/austenite balance and promote redistribution of alloying elements in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), strongly affecting the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the joint. In this work, two coupled numerical models based on the finite element method (FEM) were developed to predict the phase balance and the solid-state diffusion of alloying elements during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of UNS S32001 and UNS S32205 duplex stainless steels. The phase transformation model predicted the ferrite content at each mesh node with an accuracy higher than 90% when compared with experimental measurements. In addition, the diffusion model successfully estimated the local chemical composition as a function of the thermal cycle experienced in the HAZ. The models showed similar predictive capability for both DSS grades and provided detailed information on the evolution of microstructure and composition. These results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is a useful tool for selecting welding parameters and reducing the number of experimental trials required to optimise DSS welded joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00475-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Taguchi-based optimization on EDM parameters for enhancing surface roughness in ductile cast iron: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)-validated approach","authors":"Rahul Mehra,&nbsp;Harvinder Singh,&nbsp;Sivasubramanian Palanisamy,&nbsp;Sachin Mohal,&nbsp;Neeraj Kamboj,&nbsp;Satish Kumar,&nbsp;Abrayev Bakhrom,&nbsp;Muzaffar Shojonov,&nbsp;Jamshid Shamuratov,&nbsp;Subramanian Lakshmi Sankar,&nbsp;Karthikayan Sundararajan,&nbsp;Mezigebu Belay","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00466-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00466-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses the Taguchi approach to conduct a thorough examination of the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process for optimizing surface roughness (R_a) on ductile cast iron. The effects of major EDM parameters—peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and jet pressure—were examined using solid copper electrodes. Experimental results showed that using a lower peak current of 5 A, a pulse-on time of 6 µs, and a jet pressure of 10 kg/cm² reduced surface roughness to 2.157 µm. A higher peak current of 15 A, pulse-off duration of 5 µs, and jet pressure of 20 kg/cm² resulted in a maximum surface roughness of 4.853 µm. The ANOVA findings showed that current was the most relevant parameter, accounting for 62.81% of the total variation in surface roughness, followed by jet pressure (11.69%). The study also used an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict surface roughness, which yielded a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.95773), verifying the experimental results and displaying great predictive ability. These findings emphasize the importance of current and jet pressure in determining surface finish during the EDM process. The findings contribute to improving the precision and efficiency of EDM, presenting substantial potential for applications in industries that need high-quality machining of sophisticated materials, such as aerospace, automotive, and heavy engineering sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00466-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure–defect–reliability engineering of composition-tuned TiO₂ and NiTiO₃ thin films for advanced MOS applications","authors":"Munishamaiah Krishna","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00455-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00455-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxide dielectric materials offer an effective strategy to control defect density and enhance MOS device reliability. This research focused on sol–gel-derived TiO₂ and NiTiO₃ thin films, which were synthesized and microwave annealed to investigate structure–defect–reliability correlations. XRD, SEM, and AFM analyses confirmed improved crystallinity and reduced surface roughness after composition tuning. Interface trap density decreased from ~ 1.5 × 10¹² to ~ 6 × 10¹¹ cm⁻² eV⁻¹ for TiO₂ and from ~ 1.8 × 10¹² to ~ 7 × 10¹¹ cm⁻² eV⁻¹ for NiTiO₃. Leakage current at 2.5 MV cm⁻¹ was reduced from ~ 2 × 10⁻⁵ to ~ 4 × 10⁻⁶ A cm⁻² in TiO₂ films. Bias-stress tests showed less than 15% current drift in tuned devices. Weibull analysis indicated an increased shape parameter and approximately 40% improvement in characteristic lifetime. Optical band gap slightly increased after tuning, confirming reduced defect states. Statistical analysis verified improved reproducibility. The results demonstrate a strong structure–defect–reliability correlation in composition-engineered oxide MOS capacitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00455-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the tribological behaviour of self-lubricating metal matrix composites developed for circular saw guide pad applications","authors":"A. Torkghashghaei,&nbsp;S. Gélinas,&nbsp;C. Blais","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00481-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00481-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development and performance of self-lubricating Cu-Fe-based composites produced via powder metallurgy are examined as an advanced alternative to conventional Babbitt alloy for guide pad applications in high-speed circular saw systems. The proposed composite addresses the inherent limitations of Babbitt, particularly its low mechanical strength and poor wear resistance under high contact pressures, aiming to improve durability and operational reliability. A baseline Cu-5 vol.% Ni-coated graphite (NCG)-6 vol.% CaF₂ composite was reinforced with incremental Fe additions (12–52 vol.%) to enhance mechanical strength while preserving favorable tribological properties. The composites were characterized through pin-on-disk and dry sand rubber wheel (DSRW) wear tests, complemented by mechanical evaluation (hardness and tensile testing) and detailed microstructural examination using SEM/EDS. The results demonstrate that increasing Fe content significantly improves hardness, yield strength, and wear resistance, with the composite containing 42 vol.% Fe achieving the optimal performance balance. This composition exhibited nearly a twofold increase in hardness and an approximately threefold increase in yield strength, along with a 94% reduction in sliding wear during pin-on-disk test and an 81% reduction in abrasive wear compared to Babbitt. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced load-bearing capacity of the Fe-reinforced matrix and the formation of a stable oxide-rich tribolayer that effectively limits direct surface interaction and suppresses material removal. In contrast, excessive Fe content (52 vol.%) led to brittle oxide formation and increased wear due to crack propagation and delamination, confirming the existence of a critical reinforcement threshold. Semi-industrial testing further validated the superior performance of the optimized Cu-Fe-based composite. Compared to Babbitt, the optimized composite demonstrated reduced power consumption and negligible material transfer to the saw blade, indicating improved tribological efficiency. Surface morphology analyses of the guide pads revealed that while Babbitt guide pad experienced severe material loss, the Cu-Fe-based composite maintained a smooth and coherent contact surface with minimal damage. Overall, the Cu-42 vol.%Fe-5 vol.%NCG-6 vol.%CaF₂- composite emerges as a highly effective and durable replacement for Babbitt guide pads, offering superior wear resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of carbonation and chloride ion interaction on the durability of one-part fly ash geopolymers","authors":"Haisheng Huang,&nbsp;Wenquan Zheng,&nbsp;Yasi Wang,&nbsp;Liwei Xu,&nbsp;Xuefang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00476-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the compressive strength, pH value, and total chloride ion concentration distribution of one-part fly ash geopolymer cement mortars under three different conditions: immersion in chloride salt solution followed by carbonation, carbonation with standard curing followed by chloride salt immersion, and chloride salt immersion-drying-carbonation cycles. Combined with XRD and SEM, the interaction mechanism of carbonation and chloride ion penetration on the durability of one-part fly ash geopolymer was clarified. The experimental results indicate that immersion in chloride salt solution leads to the formation of Friedel’s salt, which refines the surface pore structure and thus slows down carbonation. Carbonization promotes the compactness of the structure, thereby slowing down the erosion of chloride ions. In the chloride salt immersion-drying-carbonation group, the fluctuation range of compressive strength decreases. With an increasing number of cycles, due to the dissolution of Na₂CO₃ and the saturation of the carbonation reaction, the mortar structure becomes loose, resulting in an increase in the amplitude of strength fluctuations. The chloride salt immersion-drying-carbonation group shows a higher overall pH distribution than the water immersion-drying-carbonation group, because the chloride immersion improves the microstructure. Furthermore, the total chloride ion concentration distribution in the chloride salt immersion-drying-carbonization group increased due to the compactness of the structure and the increase in the number of dry–wet cycles, resulting in an increased fluctuation range of chloride ion concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00476-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bauhinia variegata mediated silver nanoparticles for destruction of foodborne pathogens","authors":"Monika M,&nbsp;Ranjani S,&nbsp;Hemalatha S","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00487-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00487-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Bauhinia variegata</i> is a legume plant that is well known for its potential properties in ayurveda and traditional medicinal system. The application of nanoparticles in food packaging represents advancement in the preservation and safety of food products. The current research was used to determine the ability of <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> leaf extract to control food borne pathogens. In this study we have synthesized silver nanoparticles using <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> leaves (BvNPs) and to test its antibacterial potential in food borne pathogens namely in <i>Enterobacter kobei</i>, <i>Enterobacter clocae</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>Enterobacterbugandensis</i>, <i>Enterobacter chuandaensis</i>, <i>Enterobacter huaxiensis</i>. Synthesis of BvNPS was confirmed by UV visible spectroscopy showing the absorbance peak at 420 nm. Alcohol, alkyne, alkane, carbohydrates are the functional groups present in the <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> leaf extract was identified by FTIR. The average size of the synthesized BvNPs was identified as 301.6 ± 12.3 nm (mean ± SD, <i>n</i> = 3) by using DLS. The ZETA potential analysis identified the surface charge as -15.2 mV. FESEM presents spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 18.23 nm to 29.82 nm. The toxicity level of synthesized nanoparticles was studied by using <i>Danio rerio</i> embryos which showed non-toxic nature of BvNPs<i>.</i> Anti-bacterial activity was performed in food borne pathogens, and the MIC values were found between 1.256 µg/ml – 6.25 µg/ml<i>,</i> the maximum MBC values were observed at 25 µg/ml. Action mechanisms of BvNPs in food borne pathogens were more effective than the antibiotics by inducing leakage of proteins, sugars and oxidative stress. Based on the observed antimicrobial activity of BvNPs, these nanoparticles have the potential to be incorporated into food packaging materials to enhance food safety and preservation. Future studies are needed to evaluate their effectiveness in inhibiting microbial growth and extending the shelf life of food products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00487-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}