International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Stress corrosion cracking response of AISI 304L stainless steel welds of C-TIG and A-TIG under chloride environments","authors":"N. Dinakar,&nbsp;R. Elansezhian","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00497-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00497-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of stainless-steel welds in chloride-containing environments remains a major concern in structural and process industries. Although Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (A-TIG) welding has been widely investigated for improving weld penetration and mechanical properties, comparative assessment of SCC behaviour of flux-assisted A-TIG welded AISI 304L stainless steel remains limited. This study investigates the SCC response of AISI 304L stainless steel welds fabricated using conventional TIG (C-TIG) and A-TIG welding employing SiO₂, TiO₂, and Cr₂O₃ activating fluxes under chloride environments. SCC susceptibility was evaluated using Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) in air and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Mechanical degradation behaviour, time-to-failure response, fracture morphology, and localized compositional variations were comparatively assessed. Chloride exposure reduced the mechanical performance of all weld conditions. Among the investigated welds, TiO₂-assisted A-TIG exhibited the most favourable SCC resistance, achieving a time-to-failure of 115 min compared with 98 min for the C-TIG weld. The SCC susceptibility indices further revealed lower degradation in strength and ductility for TiO₂-assisted welds (Iσ ≈ 4.18% and Iε ≈ 10.82%) than for C-TIG welds (Iσ ≈ 15.96% and Iε ≈ 28.19%). Fractographic analysis also indicated comparatively reduced crack propagation in TiO₂-assisted welds. The SCC resistance trend under the investigated conditions was established as TiO₂ A-TIG &gt; Base Metal &gt; Cr₂O₃ A-TIG &gt; SiO₂ A-TIG &gt; C-TIG. The study provides a direct comparative assessment and performance-based ranking of activating fluxes with respect to SCC behaviour of AISI 304L stainless steel welds exposed to chloride environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00497-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid comparative modeling of ANN and SVM for accurate machining performance prediction of AlSiC MMC","authors":"Amol A. Chavan,&nbsp;D.N Raut","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00449-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00449-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a hybrid machine learning model that combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to model critical machining performance parameters such as surface roughness (Ra), material cutting force (Fc) as well as material removal rate (MRR) in the machining of aluminum silicon carbide (AlSiC) metal matrix composite by turning. A synthetic data set consisting of literature sources validated on a model-to-case basis was employed to train both individual models and the architecture itself and its performance was assessed through the statistical metrics (R2, RMSE, MAE) and the visual inspection of the data (parity plots, residual histograms). ANN was proven to be more accurate in modeling nonlinear surface roughness behavior, and SVM was more accurate in estimating MRR since it had the capacity to have a smooth generalization. The inverse-RMSE weighted hybrid ensemble was always better at the task than the two standalone models and provided lower RMSE values with the minima of 0.055 μm on Ra and 2.361 N on Fc. These findings validate the soundness and applicability of the hybrid model as a digital twin to CAM-based process leads the way with tool-life management and efficiency maximization. The applications in adaptive precision machining such as real-time validation and incorporation of the other sensor variables will be done in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00449-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of coupled hygrothermal performance in bamboo fiber–jaggery reinforced lime mortars","authors":"P Maheswar Reddy,&nbsp;Srinivasarao Naik B,&nbsp;Ankit Srivastava,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar Vidhyarthi,&nbsp;M Amareswara Reddy,&nbsp;Jangiti Ravi Yadav,&nbsp;Neha Jhakra,&nbsp;Amrita Ratnani,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00504-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00504-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a physically informed machine learning framework for predicting the coupled hygrothermal performance of sustainable lime mortars reinforced with bamboo fibers and natural jaggery. Despite growing interest in data-driven approaches for construction materials, predictive modeling of coupled moisture and thermal transport behavior in bio-modified lime mortars remains limited. The proposed framework simultaneously predicts six interrelated hygrothermal properties, namely diffusion resistance factor, vapor permeability, moisture capacity, heat of sorption, capillary suction coefficient, and thermal expansion. An experimentally anchored dataset comprising 3,600 records was developed from controlled laboratory measurements and physically derived transport descriptors for bamboo fiber contents ranging from 0.5 to 2.0% and jaggery contents ranging from 1.0 to 5.0%. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and K-Nearest Neighbors regression models were developed and optimized using grid-search hyperparameter tuning and 20-fold cross-validation. Additional robustness assessments, including bootstrap uncertainty analysis, compositional hold-out validation, and data dependency evaluation, were conducted to examine model reliability and potential information leakage. Among the investigated algorithms, Gradient Boosting achieved the highest overall predictive performance with an average coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9955, root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.38, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.87. Random Forest also demonstrated strong predictive capability with an average R² of 0.9939, RMSE of 7.62, and MAE of 2.06, whereas K-Nearest Neighbors exhibited comparatively lower performance. Feature contribution analysis identified equilibrium moisture content, capillary uptake mass, heat exchange, vapor transport descriptors, and moisture-induced mass variation as influential predictors governing coupled hygrothermal behavior. The results demonstrate the potential of physically informed machine learning as a decision-support framework for material screening and formulation optimization within the investigated compositional and environmental domains, while maintaining the necessity of experimental validation for practical implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00504-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing hot workability regions for a novel TZ73 magnesium alloy: a processing map approach","authors":"Krishna Kamlesh Verma,&nbsp;Subodh Kumar,&nbsp;Satyam Suwas","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00489-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00489-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Newly developed Mg‒based alloy with composition of Mg–7Sn–3Zn (wt.%) (TZ73) was prepared by the squeeze casting technique and homogenized at 300 °C for 24 h. A processing map approach was adopted to identify safe hot workability regions. Hot compression tests were conducted in the range of T = 200 – 450 °C and <span>(dot{varepsilon })</span> = 10^‒3 – 10 s^‒1, and a processing map was constructed by combining the strain rate sensitivity (m) and instability parameter ξ <span>(left(dot{upvarepsilon }right))</span>. High m‒value suggests better processability, and ξ <span>(left(dot{upvarepsilon }right))</span>&lt; 0 is considered an “<i>unsafe</i>” region for the hot deformation processes. Instability in the microstructure was identified by flow localization and crack initiation. Four distinct domains obtained from the processing map were analyzed based on microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution. Domain‒II within the temperature range of 200 – 300 °C and <span>(dot{varepsilon })</span> = 10^‒1 – 10 s^‒1 was identified as ‘<i>instability region</i>’ with the lowest m &lt; 0.01. Domain‒III, with T = 300 – 400 °C and <span>(dot{upvarepsilon })</span> = 10^‒3 – 10^‒2 s^‒1 was identified as ‘<i>safe region</i>’ with the highest m &gt; 0.20. The crystallographic texture was investigated using pole figures (PFs) and inverse pole figures (IPFs), which revealed that the basal texture weakened with increasing temperature and m‒values. The average stress exponent (n) was estimated to be 5.30, and the activation energy (Q) was estimated to be 148 kJ.mol⁻¹. Based on the deformation curves, a mathematical equation for the peak stress (<span>({sigma}_{p})</span>) dependence on T and <span>(dot{varepsilon })</span> was obtained, which illustrates the hot deformation behavior and kinetics of a newly developed TZ73 Mg alloy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00489-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium anodization as a surface modification technique using different combinations of aqueous or organic electrolytes, of acidic and alkaline nature","authors":"Dener Pedro da Silva Palma,&nbsp;Ana Luísa Nascimento Rodrigues,&nbsp;Heloisa Andréa Acciari","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00463-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00463-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effect of distinct electrolyte compositions on the morphology, composition and wettability of films produced by anodic titanium oxidation, aiming to obtain surfaces with potential for biomedical applications. The electrolyte set considered herein encompasses diverse key components that provide distinct chemical environments, as one set of solutions is predominantly organic while the other is aqueous in nature. For such a purpose, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses were carried out, in addition to measurements of roughness and water contact angle with the modified surfaces. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed aiming to characterize the morphology and structure of modified surfaces, as well as their hydrophilic properties, in addition to establishing a correlation among different current–time profiles during anodization, used electrolytes, and the morphology of films. Experimental conditions leading to nanotube formation were also investigated in galvanostatic mode, and their results were compared to those found by potentiostatic anodization. Results showed that distinct nanotube arrangements significantly affected the surface energy, leading to superhydrophilic properties. Such high wettability is a key factor for enhancing the biological performance of implants, as it is well-documented to facilitate protein adsorption and early osseointegration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00463-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of material-dependent damping in riveted fixed beams using ANSYS workbench R19.2","authors":"Y S Sankara Rao,&nbsp;Venkatesh T Lamani,&nbsp;M B Ananthayya,&nbsp;K Akshitha,&nbsp;Yadla Babu,&nbsp;I Sri Phani Sushma,&nbsp;M. N Gururaja,&nbsp;Addisu Frinjo Emma,&nbsp;N Channa Keshava Naik,&nbsp;Mustafa M. Aljumaily","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00484-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00484-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Damping is a crucial factor in structural dynamics as it dissipates energy and reduces vibrations. Proper damping is essential to prevent failures caused by resonance in vibrating structures. Layered through thickness and then fastened beams possess more damping than solid beams. Evaluation of the damping capacity of riveted fixed beams with layers of structural steel and aluminum alloy materials combinations, for different dimensional specifications and for different coefficients of friction at the interfaces of successive layers of riveted fixed beams modeled in CATIA V5 software is done using modal analysis in ANSYS R19.2 Workbench Software. Layered beams possess more damping than solid beams. An increase in overall beam thickness resulted in an increase in the damping ratio. Also, an increase in number of layers, overall beam length, and a decrease in layers’ thicknesses ratio resulted in an improvement in the damping ratio. Moreover, an increase in coefficient of friction between the layers resulted in a slight decrease in the damping ratio of the riveted fixed beam. Usage of ANSYS R19.2 Workbench software for the execution of modal analysis of riveted fixed beams for the variation of the above-mentioned parameters can predict their dynamic behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00484-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing CdTe solar cells with Cd1-xZnxTe absorber layers: DFT and SCAPS-1D simulations of structural, electronic, and optical properties","authors":"Khattra Mimouni,&nbsp;Loumafak Hafaifa,&nbsp;Khaled Ibn El Walid Beladjal,&nbsp;Benamara Ahmed,&nbsp;Abd El Halim Benzetta,&nbsp;Mohamed Benhaddad,&nbsp;Latreche Slimane,&nbsp;Mahfoud Abderrezek","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00420-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00420-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells with Cd₁₋ₓZnₓTe absorbers are an emerging solution in thin-film photovoltaics, combining high efficiency with adaptability. This study integrates density functional theory (DFT) and SCAPS-1D simulations to analyze the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Cd₁₋ₓZnₓTe alloys, addressing challenges in bandgap engineering and material stability. A nonlinear bandgap behaviour with a bowing parameter of (0.49) eV was observed, predominantly due to volume deformation effects. Enhanced photon absorption, effective electron densities, and balanced bandgap tunability were achieved with increased Zn content. Device simulations revealed a peak efficiency of (18.98%), with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of (25.8 mA/cm²), an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of (1.06 V), and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ~ 80% at 350 nm. Loss analysis indicated that optimal Zn composition mitigates recombination losses and enhances photon capture, resulting in a trade-off between improved Voc and stable Jsc values. These findings highlight Cd₁₋ₓZnₓTe as a versatile material for next-generation solar cells, offering significant advancements in efficiency and durability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00420-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of Phase Change Material (PCM) heatsink for electronic thermal management applications","authors":"Avesahemad S. N. Husainy,&nbsp;Sonali K. Kale,&nbsp;Anindita Roy","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00490-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00490-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing thermal requirements of electronic devices necessitate the use of effective passive cooling technologies. In present study, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM)-integrated heat sinks is investigated using a combined experimental and numerical method. Acrylic heat sinks embedded with paraffin-based PCMs of different melting temperatures (42 °C and 55 °C) and thicknesses (60 mm and 120 mm) were tested under free convection conditions with heat inputs ranging from 5 to 15 W. A three-dimensional transient numerical model based on the enthalpy–porosity method was also developed to simulate the phase change process and validate the experimental observations. The numerical model closely matches the experimental results, with about 13% deviation confirming the reliability of the approach. Results demonstrate that PCM integration significantly reduces the rate of temperature rise and enhances thermal stability compared to conventional heat sinks without PCM. Increasing the PCM thickness from 60 to 120 mm extends the thermal regulation period by up to 50 min at 5 W and 35 min at 15 W. PCMs with higher melting temperatures extend thermal regulation, particularly at higher heat inputs, but lead to higher final operating temperatures. The findings emphasize that selecting suitable PCM melting temperature and thickness is crucial for effective thermal management in PCM based power electronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00490-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optoelectronic modulation and dielectric enhancement in copper oxide–chitosan nanocomposites fabricated via green route","authors":"Dara M. Aziz,&nbsp;Dyari M. Mamand,&nbsp;Sangar A. Hassan,&nbsp;Shujahadeen B. Aziz,&nbsp;Ajmal R. Bhat","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00479-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00479-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing environmentally friendly materials with tunable optical characteristics is essential for next-generation photonic technologies. In this study, copper oxide–chitosan nanocomposite films were fabricated using a completely green and water-based process. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a polyphenol-assisted route using green-tea extract and subsequently calcined at 500 °C to obtain pure monoclinic tenorite. The nanoparticles were then incorporated into chitosan matrices through solution casting to produce flexible nanocomposite films containing 0, 4, 8, and 12 wt% copper oxide. Structural, morphological, and optical characterizations were conducted using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The results revealed strong interfacial interactions between chitosan functional groups (–OH and –NH₂) and copper-oxygen sites, leading to reduced crystallinity and increased microstrain within the polymer network. Optical studies demonstrated a red shift in absorption, a progressive decrease in band-gap energy from 4.98 eV to 3.80 eV, and an increase in Urbach energy, indicating enhanced structural disorder and polarizability. The refractive index, dielectric constant, and dispersion energy all increased with copper oxide content, confirming improved light–matter interaction and optical density. Overall, this work presents a sustainable route to engineer biodegradable chitosan-based nanocomposite films with controllable optical and dielectric properties, making them promising candidates for ultraviolet-shielding coatings, photonic sensors, and optoelectronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00479-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal and antioxidant ability of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Blumea sinuata (Lour.) Merr.","authors":"Umakant Pradhan,&nbsp;Shivani Singh,&nbsp;Purusottam Majhi,&nbsp;Jagdish Prasad Prajapati,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Sadhucharan Mallick,&nbsp;Awadhesh Kumar Shukla","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00486-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00486-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aqueous plant extract of <i>Blumea sinuata</i> (Lour.) Merr. (BS) was employed in the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (BS-CuO NPs). The copper nanoparticles were analyzed using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of BS-CuO NPs, exhibiting distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 275 nm and 330 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed the functional groups in the BS plant extract (BSPE) as a source of secondary metabolites involved in the reduction and stabilization during nanoparticles synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the distinct 2θ values between the 25–80° range with a crystalline size of BS-CuO NPs of 18.69 nm. Moreover, the High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigation demonstrated that the BS-CuO NPs possessed a uniform spherical shape with an average particle size of approximately 24.89 nm. The antifungal activity of nanoparticles shows that at the concentration of 1.5 mg/mL of BS-CuO NPs, the percentage inhibition in the growth of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> was 70% and 41%, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to check the binding affinity and bond length between BS-CuO NPs and fungal target proteins. The antiradical assessments of BS-CuO NPs were assessed using DPPH and ABTS methods. The radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS was 59% and 54% at 80 μg/mL concentration of BS-CuO NPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00486-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}