International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review on green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: a sustainable alternative for nanotechnology","authors":"Bhiksha Gugulothu,&nbsp;Vijayakumar Sivasundar,&nbsp;Vinodh Choppala,&nbsp;Amaleswari Rajulapati,&nbsp;N. Dhasarathan,&nbsp;Kibrom Hagos Gebrehiwot,&nbsp;Movva Naga swapna sri,&nbsp;Vamsi Krishna Kudapa","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00491-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00491-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To synthesize metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles using biological systems, green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as an important area as a sustainable approach compared to conventional chemical/physical methods. Structural activity relationship studies (SARS) that examine the correlation between the structure of a nanoparticle and its catalytic properties have also been discussed. The current article summarizes recent developments in green nanoparticle synthesis with a particular emphasis on nanocatalysis basics. The influence of temperature, pH, concentration of metal precursor, reaction time, and characterization of AgNPs by TEM, SEM, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy was systematically addressed. Furthermore, various applications of the synthesized AgNPs as catalysts in green conditions were also explored in multiple sectors, including waste remediation, green synthesis, biomedicine, agriculture, textiles, and energy production. This systematic investigation clearly illustrates the promising impact of phytogenic nanotechnology in environmentally-friendly chemistry and material production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00491-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution by magnetite modified N-doped carbon based on palm empty fruit bunches","authors":"Susanto Susanto,&nbsp;Moch. Agung Indra Iswara,&nbsp;Ulfiana Ihda Afifa,&nbsp;Khalimatus Sa’diyah,&nbsp;Handoko Desta Priadi,&nbsp;Ricka Prasdiantika","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00506-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00506-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a very hazardous and carcinogenic contaminant frequently present in wastewater from industrial processes. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Magnetite Modified N-Doped Carbon (N-doped carbon@Fe₃O₄), synthesized from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) via sol–gel processing, pyrolysis, and magnetite incorporation, for the reduction of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was completely characterized using FTIR, SEM, and XRD, verifying an effective integration of nitrogen functionalities with Fe₃O₄. Batch adsorption tests at pH 6 and Cr(VI) initial concentration of 400 mg/L showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 547.67 ± 0.299 mg/g, with optimal contact time achieved within 30 min. Kinetic analysis indicated an excellent compatibility with the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption isotherm conformed to the Freundlich model with heterogeneity factor (n) of 0.52. It indicated a heterogeneous adsorption surface with chemisorption. The proposed adsorption mechanism suggests that Cr(VI) removal occurred via a synergistic process involving electrostatic interaction between protonated pyridinic nitrogen and Cr(VI) oxyanions, surface complexation with Fe-OH groups, and partial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).The formation of Cr₂O₃ detected by XRD after adsorption further confirmed the reduction pathway. The results indicate that N-doped carbon@Fe₃O₄ is an exceptionally effective adsorbent, presenting significant potential for the remediation of Cr(VI) in aquatic environments.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00506-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergism of glass – carbon and basalt – carbon fibers on mechanical behaviour of polyamide66 and polytetrafluroethylene blend composites","authors":"Ravi V C,&nbsp;Reddappa H N,&nbsp;Rudresh B M,&nbsp;Lingesh B V,&nbsp;Jaydev S M,&nbsp;Mahesha A,&nbsp;Lakshmana Naik T K,&nbsp;Channa Keshava Naik N,&nbsp;Yohanis Dabesa Jelila,&nbsp;Abdul Amir H. Kadhum","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00505-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00505-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the influence of Glass–Carbon and Basalt–Carbon fiber reinforcements on the mechanical performance of Polyamide 66/Polytetrafluoroethylene (PA66/PTFE) blend composites for structural applications. An 80 wt.% Polyamide 66 and 20 wt.% Polytetrafluoroethylene thermoplastic blend was selected as the matrix material for composite development. The hybrid fibers combination (10 wt. % Short Glass fibers (SGF) and 10 wt. % Short Carbon fibers (SCF)) GC and (10 wt. % each of Short Basalt fibers—SBF and Short Carbon fibers– SCF) BC composites were used as the reinforcement phases. For the fabrication process—twin screw extrusion method followed by injection molding was used. For these GC and BC hybrid composites, the mechanical behaviour was evaluated using ASTM Methods. Results showed the appreciable improvement in mechanical strength over PA66/PTFE Blend. It was noticed for the GC and BC hybrid composites, 108.76% and 92.08% increase in tensile strength, 138.82% and 104.07% in flexural strength respectively over neat blend. Further, the impact strength with notched condition was responded with 16% rise in strength for GC and 26.8% drop for BC over the blend. The hybrid composites GC and BC exhibit an increase in heat deflection temperature of 231.9 °C and 229.7 °C respectively over 62.8 °C of blend at higher load. In addition, the incorporation of hybrid fibers resulted in a reduction in the melt flow index compared to the neat blend. SEM-based fracture analysis revealed that fiber fracture, deformation at the matrix–fiber interface, and the presence of non-resin regions due to fiber overlap were some of the reasons for the composite failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00505-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MgO-impregnated niger straw derived activated carbon: a low-cost adsorbent for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution and real tannery wastewater","authors":"Abraham Dinku,&nbsp;Ashagrie Mengistu Kebede","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00503-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00503-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The discharge of untreated industrial effluents containing toxic pollutants like heavy metals, dyes, and other chemicals raised serious concern due to the significant risk it poses to the human health and ecosystem. These days, chromium is one of the heavy metal contaminants arising from industrial settings and causes major problems for the environment and human health. This study investigates batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from Niger straw (Guizotia abyssinica) and impregnated with MgO. To improve the percentage removal efficiency, the Guizotia abyssinica straw was chemically activated using phosphoric acid (50%) and further modified using thermal pyrolysis at 500 °C. The MgO-impregnated activated carbon was prepared via wet impregnation with a Mg (NO₃)₂·6H₂O solution to enhance the performance of the activated carbon in removing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from tannery wastewater. The effect of parameters affecting the adsorption process, such as initial chromium (VI) concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, and contact time, was examined. The result showed that MgO-impregnated activated carbon was determined to have a hexavalent chromium removal efficiency of 91.96% from real tannery wastewater, which is far better than the removal efficiency using bare activated carbon, 86.04%. XRD, TGA, and FTIR were used to characterize the produced adsorbent. The synthesized MgO-nanoparticle/activated carbon composite was determined to have an average particle size of 61.08 nm. The MgO/AC composite was determined to have a Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 99.57% from aqueous solution at optimum working conditions of pH 2, initial Cr (VI) concentration of 5 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 0.8 mg/L, contact time of 40 min, and agitation speed of 200 rpm. Linear pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.99991) and the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.9873) were seen to be the best models describing Cr (VI) adsorption on the MgO/AC composite. On the other hand, nonlinear fitting of the experimental data demonstrated pseudo-second-order (R² = 0.99265) and Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9409) to better describe the adsorption process. Overall, the MgO/AC composite exhibited excellent adsorption performance for hexavalent chromium, demonstrating its potential as an efficient, stable, and low-cost adsorbent for water treatment. The study further recommends the use of Guizotia abyssinica straw waste as an abundant and economical precursor for activated carbon production, providing a sustainable alternative to more expensive materials for Cr (VI) removal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00503-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-enabled corrosion prediction and feature importance analysis of Al6061 stir-cast metal matrix composites using SHAP interpretability","authors":"P. S. Satheesh Kumar,&nbsp;S. Revathi,&nbsp;Nalli Bhaskara Rao,&nbsp;Ramya Maranan,&nbsp;Anand Rajendran,&nbsp;Ataklti Hagos Hailu,&nbsp;Akanksha Mishra,&nbsp;N. Dhasarathan","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00511-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00511-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates the application of machine learning techniques for predicting the corrosion properties of Al6061 stir-cast metal matrix composites, including Corrosion Rate (CR), corrosion potential (Ecorr), and corrosion current density (Icorr). Machine learning regression models such as SVR, XGBoost, RF, BNN, ANN, and CatBoost are used. The efficiency of each model in predicting the outcome variables is determined by utilizing statistical measures of prediction accuracy. It is found that among all the models, the best prediction results are obtained by the XGBoost with an R2 value of 0.9931 for CR, 0.9896 for Ecorr, and 0.9914 for Icorr. The SHAP analysis is employed to find the effect of process variables on corrosion behavior to improve the interpretability of the machine learning outputs. From the SHAP analysis, it is evident that the most important factors affecting the corrosion behavior are the casting temperature and reinforcement weight percentage, followed by particle size. The stirring speed and stirring time have comparatively lower effects on the corrosion behavior and Ecorr, Icorr, and corrosion rate increased with an increase in casting temperature and reinforcement percentage. Overall, the present research provides a systematic analysis of several machine learning techniques used in predicting corrosion properties of Al6061 stir-cast composite alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00511-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart nutrient delivery: the promise of nano-fertilizers for sustainable crop production","authors":"Hafiz Nawaz Hussain,&nbsp;Faiza Imtiaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Idrees Jilani,&nbsp;Saira Zumar,&nbsp;Arfaa Sajid,&nbsp;Qaisar Manzoor,&nbsp;Arif Nazir","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00507-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00507-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing dependence on synthetic fertilizers to satisfy global food demands has resulted in environmental concerns and decreased nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems. In this review, recent developments in nano-fertilizers (NFs) are systematically examined as a sustainable alternative, with emphasis on their synthesis methods, mechanisms of action, and relevance to the agri-food sector. Literature from major scientific databases was compiled and critically assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of NFs in enhancing nutrient delivery, crop productivity, and environmental sustainability. Due to their nanoscale size and unique physicochemical characteristics, NFs facilitate precise and controlled nutrient release, improving nutrient availability to plant roots and foliage while reducing losses typically associated with conventional fertilizers. Special focus is placed on green synthesis strategies that utilize plant- and microbe-based approaches, offering eco-friendly and energy-efficient production methods. Both macro-and micronutrient-based NFs have demonstrated enhanced nutrient uptake, prolonged nitrogen release, increased crop yields, and improved tolerance to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, their contributions to soil health and biofortification are also highlighted. Despite these advantages, several challenges remain, including issues related to large-scale production, potential environmental risks, regulatory constraints, and practical field application. Overcoming these limitations will require coordinated research efforts, comprehensive safety evaluations, and well-defined regulatory frameworks. Overall, this review underscores the potential of nano-fertilizers to advance modern agriculture by achieving a balance between productivity and environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00507-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear performance of weld joints of AISI 304L stainless steel fabricated by activated flux tig welding","authors":"Dinakar N,&nbsp;R. Elansezhian","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00513-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00513-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the wear behaviour of AISI 304L stainless steel weldments fabricated using Conventional TIG (C-TIG) and Activated TIG (A-TIG) welding processes employing SiO₂, TiO₂, and Cr₂O₃ activating fluxes. Dry sliding wear tests were conducted at sliding speeds of 50, 100, and 150 rpm using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The results revealed that the welding process and activating flux significantly influence the tribological performance of the weldments. Among all the investigated joints, the C-TIG weldments exhibited superior wear resistance with wear percentages of 46.4%, 52.3%, and 44.2% at 50, 100, and 150 rpm, respectively. Among the A-TIG weldments, TiO₂-assisted joints demonstrated improved wear resistance compared to SiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ assisted welds. Microstructural analysis revealed that TiO₂-assisted A-TIG weldments exhibited refined dendritic structures and improved fusion characteristics, whereas Cr₂O₃-assisted welds showed comparatively coarser microstructures with localized oxide inclusions. Vickers microhardness measurements indicated enhanced hardness in TiO₂-assisted weld regions owing to grain refinement and improved solidification behaviour. SEM analysis of worn surfaces showed smoother wear tracks and reduced delamination in C-TIG and TiO₂-assisted weldments, indicating improved resistance to abrasive wear. The overall wear resistance trend was observed as: C-TIG &gt; A-TIG (TiO₂) &gt; A-TIG (SiO₂) &gt; A-TIG (Cr₂O₃) &gt; Base Metal. The study demonstrates that activating flux composition significantly affects the microstructure, hardness, and wear performance of AISI 304L stainless steel weldments, with TiO₂ identified as the most effective activating flux for achieving improved tribological performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00513-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel seawater-mediated low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of {001} faceted BiOCl nanoflakes with high photocatalytic activity under UV-light irradiation","authors":"Manoj Pudukudy,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Zhi Yunfie,&nbsp;Shaoyun Shan,&nbsp;Waseem Tariq,&nbsp;Masita Mohammad","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00508-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00508-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel cost-effective facile green method is reported for the direct low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of flake-like BiOCl nanocrystals with highly exposed {001} facets using seawater as a natural, sustainable and green precursor/precipitant and solvent for the first time. No additional structure-directing agents and special synthetic conditions were used in the aforementioned synthesis. The structural, textural and optical properties of the material was analyzed by various characterization methods. The in-situ prepared material exhibited high phase purity and crystallinity. The scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the nanoflake-like morphology with lamellar structure. The optical analysis revealed its light absorption in the UV region with a band gap energy of 3.25 eV whereas the existence of surface defects and oxygen vacancies was confirmed by photoluminescent study. The BiOCl was effectively applied for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye pollutant, followed by its mineralization. The BiOCl nanoflakes exhibited 99.3% degradation and 33% mineralization efficiency under UV light irradiation within 110 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the presence of nanocrystallite size, specific surface-area, mesoporosity, oxygen vacancies and flake-like morphology with highly exposed {001} facets that will enhance the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. The oxygen vacancies act like electron-trappers and it further reduces the dissolved oxygen to superoxide anion radicals. The sample was effectively recycled for four consecutive degradation runs indicating its high photostability. This work offers valuable insights into the utilization of seawater as a precipitant or no-cost chloride precursor and solvent for material synthesis for effective wastewater purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00508-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical characterization of Onyx-FR under varying infill Printing Pattern and Orientations, Layer Height, and Extrusion Temperature in FFF Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Azadeh J. Jazayeri,&nbsp;Helmut Mad","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00493-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00493-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a widely adopted additive manufacturing process that enables the layer-wise fabrication of geometrically complex components. However, the mechanical behaviour of such components is strongly influenced by processing parameters, leading to pronounced anisotropy and variability in material properties. Insufficient understanding of material behaviour under load either necessitates conservative design approaches, increasing material consumption and component mass, or introduces elevated failure risk, that directly affects component’s safety. Developing a systematic and predictive description of the process–structure–property interactions is therefore essential to enable reliable material characterization. This study provides a comprehensive experimental and constitutive investigation of a carbon fiber-reinforced, flame-retardant filament, Onyx-FR, addressing the limited availability of data regarding its process-dependent mechanical behaviour. Quasi-static uniaxial tensile tests were performed in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527 on specimens manufactured under eighteen distinct combinations of print orientation(flat, on-edge, upright), raster angle, layer height, and extrusion temperature. To ensure reliable material characterization, an optimized specimen preparation strategy was implemented to prevent premature specimen’s shoulder failure. The results identify raster angle as the dominant parameter controlling tensile behaviour, while layer height and extrusion temperature exhibit secondary influences. Specimens printed in the on-edge orientation showed a markedly more brittle response than flat-printed specimens, revealing pronounced anisotropy. Based on the observed tensile response, a Ramberg–Osgood-based constitutive model was developed to predict the stress–strain behaviour. The findings establish a robust experimental and analytical foundation for predictive material modelling, enabling safer, more efficient, and performance-driven design of FFF-manufactured components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00493-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development goal-driven multifunctional Lu-Doped TiO₂ nanomaterials for clean energy, air quality monitoring and water treatment","authors":"P. Vivek","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00502-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00502-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lutetium-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with a dopant concentration of 5 mol% were synthesized via a controlled sol–gel route to elucidate the influence of rare-earth incorporation on the structural, optical, electrochemical, gas-sensing, and photocatalytic properties. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the retention of the anatase TiO₂ phase after Lu incorporation, accompanied by slight lattice distortion and no secondary phase formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified the presence of trivalent Lu³⁺ ions and defect-associated oxygen vacancies, while the Ti oxidation state remained unchanged. Elemental composition and effective dopant incorporation were further corroborated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic absorption analysis. Morphological studies revealed nanocrystalline particles with an interconnected architecture, facilitating efficient charge transport. Compared to undoped TiO₂, Lu-doped TiO₂ exhibited enhanced optical absorption with a reduced band gap, improved electrochemical stability as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and a stable photoelectrochemical response under applied bias. The material also demonstrated high selectivity, repeatability, and reliable response–recovery behavior toward ammonia gas sensing. Photocatalytic degradation studies showed efficient pollutant removal with good recyclability, following pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The synergistic effects of Lu-induced defect states and nanostructured morphology render 5 mol% Lu-doped TiO₂ a promising SDG multifunctional material for energy conversion, gas sensing, and environmental remediation applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00502-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}