International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Thermal, structural, and mechanical degradation of Tyranno fibers: an experimental and kinetic modeling study","authors":"Khalil Lafdi,&nbsp;Khalid Zouhri,&nbsp;Anis Lafdi,&nbsp;G. Simha Martynková,&nbsp;Khalid Lafdi","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00441-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00441-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This experimental and theoretical study systematically investigates the structural, chemical, mechanical, and kinetic behavior of Tyranno fibers subjected to high-temperature exposure. Fibers were heat-treated in an argon atmosphere from 1200 °C to 1500 °C and characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and mechanical testing. The experimental findings revealed a significant reduction in mechanical performance—with tensile strength and Young's modulus decreasing markedly—that correlated with microstructural and chemical transformations. TGA measurements showed a complex, multi-stage thermal decomposition, which was accurately validated using a simulated kinetic model. Furthermore, the crystallization kinetics, observed via XRD, were successfully described by a Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model, providing quantitative insight into the nucleation and growth mechanisms. Collectively, the results highlight a crucial trade-off: high-temperature treatment enhances the thermal and chemical stability of Tyranno fibers by promoting crystallization, but it simultaneously degrades their mechanical properties due to defect formation and porosity. By combining experimental characterization with theoretical modeling, this work provides a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms, offering valuable insights for optimizing the use of these fibers in demanding aerospace and structural applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00441-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of mono fiber of different aspect ratios on fresh and strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete","authors":"M. Das,&nbsp;G. C. Behera,&nbsp;J. Jena","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00436-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00436-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilization of industrial waste to produce geopolymer concrete is a good answer to minimize the carbon-dioxide( Co₂) released from the traditional procedure of producing Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This not only helps to mitigate the release of greenhouse gases, but also provides a sustainable method for managing industrial waste. For production of geopolymer concrete (GPC), ingredients such as supplementary cementitious materials i.e. industrial by- products, slag (GGBS/GGBFS) and fly ash are required. GPC is advantageous over OPC in many respects such as decreasing in pollutants and energy consumption. As GPC is weak in resisting tensile strength, fibers are mixed with GPC which enhances tensile strength, stiffness and toughness. Addition of short and long fibers in a graded manner creates a composite material that performs better under stress. Short fibers help in controlling micro-cracking, improving durability and toughness. Long fibers, on the contrary, play a critical role in bridging and controlling macro-cracks. Addition of long fiber, thus delays failure and enhances the concrete's post-cracking behavior. The combination of short fiber and long fibers ( graded fiber)can produce a more durable and resilient concrete, that will be beneficial for various structural applications. The approach of adding graded fiber to GPC improves the performance, supports sustainability by plummeting reliance on traditional cement and reusing industrial waste. This study also provides empirical relationships to estimate strength in flexure and split in terms of compressive strength. From experimental results, splitting tensile strength can be estimated as 0.08 times the strength of concrete in compression and flexural strength is 0.8*sqrt (compressive strength). These findings demonstrate the potential of using graded glass fibers in geopolymer concrete to enhance its mechanical performance while addressing environmental concerns associated with traditional cement. For improved workability and strength, the ingredients should be accurately batched. Suitable admixtures may be incorporated to mitigate the reduction in slump caused by the addition of fibers. The outcome of the study demonstrate that the fibers effectively bridges cracks and enhances the load-carrying capacity of the concrete.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00436-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on high temperature erosion wear behavior of surface strengthened superalloy for underground coal gasification","authors":"Xiangyi Ren,&nbsp;Gang Zhao,&nbsp;Jiakun Yang,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li,&nbsp;Jianjun Wang,&nbsp;Lihong Han","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00446-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00446-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Superalloy is the only utilizable material for underground coal gasification channel joint. In this research, the high temperature gas flow erosion wear behavior of superalloy with strengthened layer by boronizing is systematically investigated, including microstructure and hardness. The results reflect that boronizing process can effectively strengthen the surface of superalloy. The high temperature gas erosion wear testing results indicate that boronized layer on superalloy has obvious effect on protecting matrix from high temperature erosion. GH5188 possesses the best high temperature erosion wear resisitance. Before boronizing, wear mechanism of superalloy GH3536 is surface oxidation with spalling of oxide layer by particles impacting, and wear mechanism of superalloy GH5188 and boronized superalloy GH3536 is irregular micro-cutting by high speed particles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00446-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using two saffron flower extracts and their comparative photocatalytic efficiency in organic dye degradation","authors":"Adil Hamid,&nbsp;Mohit Sahni,&nbsp;Babita Tripathi","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00444-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00444-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely explored for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants due to their high stability, low cost, and environmental compatibility. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized through two green routes using saffron (Crocus sativus) floral extracts to evaluate the effect of extract type and synthesis method on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity. Both saffron anther extract (Z2) and saffron petal extract (Z4) were utilized in the same co-precipitation method to produce green zinc oxide nanoparticles Z2 and Z4. Both approaches avoided toxic reagents, promoting sustainable nanomaterial fabrication. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming the presence of crystalline ZnO with high purity and a nanoscale morphology. Photocatalytic activities were tested under direct natural sunlight using methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and crystal violet (CV) as model dyes. The results revealed that the synthesis route and type of extract significantly influenced degradation performance, with each sample showing dye-dependent activity. The variation in photocatalytic performance between samples synthesized using anther and petal extracts is attributed to differences in phytochemical composition, which influence nucleation behavior and the formation of surface defects. These findings demonstrate the potential of saffron-extract-mediated green synthesis to produce efficient ZnO photocatalysts for environmental remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00444-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal treatment on the physicochemical properties of VOx/MgO powders synthesized using the glycine-assisted solution combustion method","authors":"Halliru Ibrahim,&nbsp;Amanda S. Mbhele,&nbsp;Asenathi Sibali,&nbsp;Philani P. Mpungose,&nbsp;Nomcebo H. Mthombeni,&nbsp;Usisipho Feleni,&nbsp;Pinkie Ntola","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00447-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00447-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is an effective and viable solvent assisted synthesis method for metal oxide nano materials such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and/or vanadium oxide supported on magnesium oxide (VOx/MgO). The method offers the advantage of being straight put in producing materials of desirable morphological and physicochemical properties due to varying fuels used in the synthetic process. In this work, calcined and uncalcined MgO and VOx/MgO powders were synthesized using the glycine-assisted SCS method to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the morphological and physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials. The synthesized powders were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings provide insights into the variations in structural morphology, thermogravimetric behaviour and phasic composition of the powders upon the addition of vanadium oxide and on heat treatment. The observed differences in both the calcined and uncalcined VOx/MgO phases and the corresponding larger surface areas in the former highlighted the effect of heat treatment on the powders. These were complemented by the TGA results which revealed that the weight loss percentages were higher for the uncalcined VOx/MgO than for calcined material.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00447-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of microstructure on the stress corrosion resistance of SS 304L","authors":"Omar Bensatte,&nbsp;Fatima Ezzohra El Garchani,&nbsp;Moulay Rachid Kabiri","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00442-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00442-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated how 304L stainless steel, which is utilized in demanding conditions, is affected by its microstructure in terms of its resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Through carefully regulated mechanical and thermal processing, researchers created samples with a range of microstructures, which they then characterized using XRD, EBSD, and SEM. Under tensile stress, SCC tests were carried out in an acidic chloride solution in accordance with ASTM G30 recommendations. The findings showed that a fine-grained microstructure limited intergranular corrosion and provided better SCC resistance because of a more uniform chromium distribution. On the other hand, by encouraging localized corrosion and fracture formation, coarser grains and chromium carbides at grain boundaries increased the susceptibility to SCC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00442-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of growth mechanism for non-precious Co nanostructures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Bharat Kumar","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00433-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00433-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cobalt nanoparticles with controlled morphology were synthesized via a tunable heating-rate approach and evaluated for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that the nanoparticles remain electrochemically stable up to –1.5 V, with well-defined cathodic and anodic redox peaks corresponding to the Co2⁺/Co redox couple. Among the synthesized samples, those prepared at the lowest heating rate (5 °C h⁻1) exhibited superior catalytic activity, achieving a maximum current of 4.31 mA and a current density of 215 mA cm⁻2 at –1.5 V. The onset potentials for HER were –0.798, –0.808, and –0.814 V versus Ag/AgCl for heating rates of 5, 25, and 250 °C h⁻1, respectively, with corresponding overpotentials at 10 mA cm⁻2 of –0.870, –0.902, and –0.942 V. These results surpass the performance of bulk cobalt and are comparable with reported cobalt-based electrocatalysts. Long-term electrochemical stability was demonstrated over 250 continuous cycles without significant loss of activity. Post-electrolysis structural characterization confirmed that the nanoparticles retained their crystalline monophasic structure and predominantly spherical morphology, with minor surface oxidation observed. The enhanced HER performance is attributed to the higher specific surface area and favorable nanoparticle alignment achieved at lower heating rates, highlighting the critical role of synthesis parameters in tuning electrochemical activity. Overall, this study demonstrates that rationally engineered cobalt nanostructures offer a promising, cost-effective route for high-performance HER and OER electrocatalysis, providing valuable insights for the development of sustainable water-splitting technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Synthesis of Co metal nanoparticles of different size having excellent electrocatalytic property with high stability</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00433-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature thermal activation of diabase tailings-based geopolymers: orthogonal design and structural mechanisms","authors":"Lingling Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Hu,&nbsp;Xinchun Yang,&nbsp;Wenwei Fan,&nbsp;Xiaotao Liu,&nbsp;Yong Yao","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00439-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00439-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabase tailings–based geopolymers (DTG) were investigated through stepwise low-temperature activation at 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C to assess their potential as sustainable, high toughness binders. However, the intrinsically low reactivity of diabase tailings, combined with the high energy demand required for conventional thermal activation, has posed a major barrier to their efficient large-scale utilization in geopolymer systems. A three-factor, four-level orthogonal design was implemented to systematically evaluate the effects of activation temperature, alkali modulus (Ms = 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6), and Si/Al molar ratio (2.6, 2.8, 3.0, and 3.2) on the mechanical performance and structural evolution of DTG. XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses revealed a progressive transformation sequence involving dehydration, hydroxyl exposure, gradual dehydroxylation, and partial amorphization, which collectively enhanced the availability of reactive Si and Al species. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated that activation temperature, alkali modulus, and Si/Al ratio contributed 56.2%, 33.6%, and 10.2% to strength development, respectively. The optimal combination—300 °C, Ms = 1.2, and Si/Al = 2.6—produced 7-day compressive and flexural strengths of 42.9 MPa and 12.8 MPa, with a flexural-to-compressive ratio of 0.30, reflecting enhanced toughness and a well bonded gel framework. These findings demonstrate that controlled stepwise activation below 300 °C significantly improves the reactivity of diabase tailings while minimizing energy demand, providing a practical strategy for fabricating high toughness, low-carbon geopolymer binders for sustainable construction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00439-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of base concentration on titanium dioxide nanotubes properties synthesized by hydrothermal method","authors":"Thembisile Khumalo,&nbsp;Athule Ngqalakwezi,&nbsp;Ntakadzeni Madima,&nbsp;Gary Pattrick,&nbsp;Mpfunzeni Raphulu","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00438-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00438-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The transformation of titania to its nanomaterial form has gained significant interest due to its superior properties that are viable for many applications. Herein, Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method from Degussa P25 precursor. Sodium hydroxide base concentration was varied from 5.00 M to 12.50 M at 1.25 M increments to study its effect on titanium dioxide nanotubes properties. The morphology, crystalline phase and surface area was analyzed using TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and BET. TNTs electrocatalytic activity was tested using a potentiostat. The 5.00 M base concentration results showed particle growth with insufficient transition to nanotubes morphology. TEM images show P25 transformation to well-defined nanotubes from 6.25 M to 10.00 M base concentrations. The BET results indicate that as the base concentration increased, the surface area of the TNT improved from 56.10 m²g⁻¹ to an optimum 317.57 m²g⁻¹ for 8.75 M TNT material. XRD and Raman results indicate that lower base concentrations (5.00 M to 7.50 M) do not affect the crystallinity of a nanomaterial. However, high base concentrations from 8.75 M show a gradual disappearance of catalytically active anatase phase at 2Ɵ degrees above 63.0°. TNT’s test as an anode material for potassium-ion battery application shows an irreversible reaction. That could be due to sluggish kinetics, poor conductivity, and passivation layer development. This study shows that TNTs with enhanced properties and well-defined nanotubes are attainable at lower base concentrations (6.25, 7.50 &amp; 8.75 M) than the conventional 10.00 M using the one-step dynamic hydrothermal method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00438-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn intercalation in carbon nanodots by electroplating process: a path towards Zinc-Enhanced Carbon Nanodots (CNDs)","authors":"Nur Aini Fauziyah,&nbsp;Ima Putriana,&nbsp;Fauziyah Vida Rahmah Wijaya,&nbsp;Primasari Cahya Wardhani,&nbsp;Nenni Mona Aruan,&nbsp;Deril Ristiani,&nbsp;Teuku Andi Fadly","doi":"10.1186/s40712-026-00440-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-026-00440-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the intercalation of Zn²⁺ ions into Carbon Nanodots (CNDs) synthesized from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) using an electroplating process. The OPEFB-derived CNDs were produced through microwave-assisted carbonization and doped with Zn at varying voltages (3V, 6V, and 9V). Structural and optical characterizations (e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis)) confirmed successful Zn incorporation, indicated by a shift in the amorphous peak and a redshift in UV-Vis absorption. Zn intercalation enhanced electron delocalization, reduced band gap energy, and improved optical performance, suggesting potential applications of Zn-enhanced CNDs in optoelectronic and sensing devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40712-026-00440-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}