International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental studies of natural material-based coatings for thermal protection of metallic surfaces","authors":"Alexander A. Genbach,&nbsp;David Yu. Bondartsev,&nbsp;Natalia A. Genbach,&nbsp;Ekaterina A. Genbach","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00252-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00252-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat transfer studies have been conducted for cooling systems with coatings made of natural materials, depending on the parameters of the detonation flame of a thermal tool and the thermophysical properties of natural materials. Cooling systems with porous coatings of mineral media powders (quartzites, granites, teschenites, tuffs, marbles) had been developed, which were applied on a metal surface at temperatures up to (2500 ÷ 3500) °C and flow rates up to 2500 m/s by hot flames emanating from combustion chambers and nozzles. The holography and high-speed filming method has been used in the studies. The cost impact per one thermal tool is at least 200–300 dollars. The phenomenon of spin detonation of a flame at an oxidant excess coefficient of less than one has been recorded; the spraying process was intensified by 2 to 6 times. The coatings have shown high reliability compared to other boosted systems. The maximum specific heat flows on the coating are (from 2 to 20 × 10⁶ W/m²) and the oscillation frequency are up to 200 Hz. The overheating range of the coating was 20 ÷ 75 K. The thermodynamic characteristics of thermal tools have been established in the model and experimentally; the granulometric composition of materials has been obtained; the hydrodynamic operating modes of the burners have been selected (fuel combustion method, jet length, jet angle). The flight time of the particles, the optimal thickness of the coatings, the diameter of the powder, and the limiting compression and tensile stresses of the coating have been determined. Dependences of displacements for coatings under thermal influence have been obtained, which is important for diagnostics and forecasting of plants and prolongation of service life.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00252-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Mn4Si7 silicide crystals obtained by hot isostatic pressing and spark plasma sintering methods in an X-ray diffractometer","authors":"B. D. Igamov,&nbsp;A. I. Kamardin,&nbsp;D. Kh. Nabiev,&nbsp;I. R. Bekpulatov,&nbsp;G. T. Imanova,&nbsp;A. S. Kosimov,&nbsp;B. D. Donaev,&nbsp;A. M. Normamatov,&nbsp;S. H. Jabarov,&nbsp;Y. I. Aliyev","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00265-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00265-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the physical and structural properties of Mn₄Si₇ silicide crystals synthesized using Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) methods were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In the samples obtained by the HIP method, 11 diffraction peaks were identified, with crystal sizes ranging from 8.8∙10⁻⁹ m to 3.6∙10⁻⁸ m, and the lattice strain index varied from 0.01 to 0.41. These results reflect the microstructural characteristics and the deformation of the crystals, providing insight into how these structural features influence the mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties of the material. In the SPS method samples, 13 diffraction peaks were observed, with crystal sizes ranging from 3.8∙10⁻⁹ m to 3.6∙10⁻⁸ m, and lattice strain varied from 0.002 to 0.19, indicating that the crystals maintain structural equilibrium and geometric integrity. The dislocation density, measured in the HIP samples (ranging from 3.5∙10¹⁰ to 3.2∙10¹²) and SPS samples (ranging from 7.4∙10¹¹ to 7.9∙10¹⁴), plays a crucial role in determining the crystals' plasticity and mechanical strength. The degree of crystallinity was found to be 6.4% for the HIP method and 7% for the SPS method, reflecting the structural purity and perfection of the crystals. IR transmission spectra revealed structural changes in the crystals, demonstrating their direct influence on the material's electronic and optical properties. These analyses provide valuable insights into enhancing the thermoelectric properties and mechanical stability of materials, as well as improving the performance of technological devices under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This study lays the foundation for future research aimed at optimizing material properties for advanced technological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00265-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing surface finish and increasing fatigue resistance of Ti6Al4V produced through electron beam melting via chemical machining","authors":"Sagarkumar J. Aswar,&nbsp;Rahul R. Chakule,&nbsp;Devakant Baviskar,&nbsp;Nilesh H. Khandare,&nbsp;Yugesh A. Kharche,&nbsp;Deepak M. Deshmukh,&nbsp;Mangesh Y. Dakhole,&nbsp;Vishwanatha S,&nbsp;Adem Abdirkadir Aden","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00241-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00241-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The surging demand for innovative components in the aerospace, biomedical, and automotive sectors has prompted extensive research on the 3D printing of titanium parts. Among various additive manufacturing techniques, electron beam melting has attracted increased attention owing to its high-density components produced per unit of time. However, the surface finishing of powder bed-based additive manufacturing methods is generally poor; that is, their mechanical performance is wanting and does not meet all the industrial standards. Higher surface finishing can be achieved by post-processing. The quality of the surface, having a substantial impact on the fatigue behavior, will give insights into the influence of chemical machining, and it cannot be ignored for an experimental trial. The rotating fatigue beam testing method was selected for this experimental campaign because of its inherent capability to stress sample surfaces more uniformly, emphasizing the effects of surface finishing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00241-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-constricted plasma arc cladding of Inconel 625 alloy: arc characteristics, microstructure, and corrosion resistance","authors":"Xinyi Shi,&nbsp;Yuxin Liu,&nbsp;Mengqing Zhang,&nbsp;Zhe Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00262-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00262-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inconel 625 alloy exhibits high strength, fabricability, and resistance to corrosion. Cladding processes including laser cladding, arc welding-based cladding, and plasma arc cladding have been applied to deposit the Inconel 625 layer with metallurgical bonding for surface protection. In this work, we developed a dual-constricted (DC) plasma arc cladding process to fabricate Inconel 625 coating. A numerical model was used to understand the arc thermal distribution, and the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the deposited layers were analyzed. It shows that in the DC plasma arc cladding process, the arc has a narrower column with increased energy density, and it can generate a higher arc pressure on the processing area. The deposited single track is narrower and thicker, and the melt pool penetration is deeper. In the Inconel 625 layer deposited by the DC-plasma arc, the microstructure is refined, and the Laves and MC precipitates are observed. The corrosion test indicates that the corrosion resistance in the 3.5% NaCl solution of the coating fabricated by DC plasma arc cladding is increased compared to conventional plasma arc cladding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00262-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How milling parameters influence surface texture and osteoblasts response when manufacturing Ti6Al4V medical parts","authors":"Michela Sanguedolce,&nbsp;Jessica Dal Col,&nbsp;Stefania Ferrisi,&nbsp;Francesco G. Modica,&nbsp;Vito Basile,&nbsp;Giuseppina Ambrogio,&nbsp;Luigino Filice","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00253-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00253-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Every manufacturing process alters the state of a surface, endowing it with new attributes that engineers use to enhance the performance of the finished products. When these surfaces come into contact with the human body, they exert specific influences depending on their condition affecting medical device biocompatibility. This study shows how a titanium alloy surface, characterized by standard measurement parameters such as roughness and contact angle, specifically influences the response of osteoblast-like cells in terms of proliferation and morphology. This relationship is quantified by comparing different machine learning techniques. </p><p>More in detail, the impact of the milling process on <i>Ti6Al4V</i> substrates on the growth of the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 has been investigated. By varying the technological parameters such as the cutting speed and depth and, consequently, the surface condition, the number of cells after a 72-h culture was measured to correlate cell proliferation with the process parameters. Ultimately, it is conceivable that with further research, surfaces could be designed to elicit varying cellular responses by appropriately combining manufacturing processes and their technological parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00253-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CdS(en) hybrid nanoparticles supported on Mg(OH)2-MgO mixture. Suitable preparation via a one pot synthesis for the photocatalytic H2 production","authors":"Angela Gabriela Romero-Villegas,&nbsp;Sandra Ramírez-Rave,&nbsp;Agileo Hernández-Gordillo,&nbsp;Iván D. Rojas-Montoya,&nbsp;Ricardo Gómez","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00248-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00248-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CdS(en)/Mg(OH)₂-MgO photocatalysts were easily synthesized using a <i>one pot synthesis</i>, the resulting materials were obtained with an excellent dispersion of the hybrid CdS(en) on the surface. Their structural, optical, and morphological properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These supported materials were used as photocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), using water as the raw material, and methanol as a sacrificial molecule under visible (blue) light irradiation. CdS(en)/Mg(OH)₂-MgO materials presented high performances in the HER reaction. When Mg(OH)₂-MgO support was obtained by ammonia pre-treatment of MgO, an improvement in the electronic-optical and textural properties was observed, resulting in an enhancement in the H₂ yields. Notably, in comparison to previously reported CdS-supported materials which achieved H₂ production rates of 64–300 μmol/gh, the photocatalysts presented in this study exhibit significantly superior performance. Specifically, CS/Mg5H is almost 5 times more active, producing exceptional H₂ yields while requiring only a small amount of catalyst (50 mg containing just 4.2 wt.% CdS). Furthermore, this remarkable performance is achieved under visible light irradiation using low-intensity 12 W LED lamps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00248-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual stress of annealed electroless and electrodeposited nickel phosphorous layers incorporated with amorphous boron particles","authors":"N. Omar,&nbsp;F. Köster,&nbsp;F. Hahn,&nbsp;A. Bund","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00250-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00250-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses the effects of thermal annealing, the presence of boron and the current density on the residual stress of electroless and electrodeposited nickel phosphorous, NiP, and nickel phosphorous boron, NiPB, and composite coatings. Besides residual stress, the hardness, Young’s moduli, and elastic strain to failure, <span>(frac{H}{E})</span>, were determined via nanoindentation. It is shown that all coatings, independent of their preparation or annealing procedure, possess compressive residual stresses. A pin-on-disc tribometer was used with a load of 3 N without lubricant to determine the friction coefficient and the wear resistance of the layers. Results from wear tests correlate with the calculated <span>(frac{H}{E})</span>, in which coatings with higher <span>(frac{H}{E})</span> have a higher wear resistance. It is shown that annealing of the coatings at 400 °C provides the highest wear resistance except for electroless and electroplated NiP. Lastly, the feasibility of the X-ray diffraction method to determine the residual stress of NiP and NiPB coatings was tested. It was found that NiPB dispersion coatings could not be characterized through this method due to the lack of reflections at high 2θ values. Only the residual stress of Ni{311} could be determined in the case of NiP layer that was heat treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00250-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways","authors":"Andrea Martinez-Topete,&nbsp;Eva Jimenez-Relinque,&nbsp;Frederic Dappozze,&nbsp;Sofia Salli,&nbsp;Aziz Genç,&nbsp;Thomas Slater,&nbsp;Chantal Guillard,&nbsp;Andrea Folli,&nbsp;Marta Castellote","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00251-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00251-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing global demand for environmental remediation strategies has led to significant interest in the development of efficient photocatalysts. Semiconductor photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂ P25), have been extensively studied for addressing challenges such as water purification and air decontamination. However, TiO₂ P25’s wide band gap restricts its efficacy under visible light, which limits its practical use in real-life applications. Bismuth oxyiodides have emerged as highly promising alternatives due to their narrow band gaps and visible-light responsiveness. In this study, BiOI, Bi₅O₇I, and BiOI/Bi₅O₇I have been synthesized by pH-dependent co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and evaluated their photocatalytic performance for phenol degradation and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) oxidation. Under visible light irradiation, BiOI-co pH 10 and BiOI/Bi₅O₇I-co pH 12 demonstrated promising phenol degradation rates (≈51%) compared to the TiO₂ P25 benchmark (≈ 11%). In terms of mineralization efficiency, as measured by the total organic carbon (TOC)/phenol ratio (0.6–0.7), Bi₅O₇I-UV, BiOI/Bi₅O₇I-VIS, and TiO₂ P25-UV showed similar capabilities. Only under UV light irradiation did TiO₂ P25 (phenol removal≈100%; NO removal≈86%) surpass the bismuth oxyiodides. Despite showing minimal production of aromatic by-products (e.g., hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and catechol) during phenol degradation, the bismuth oxyiodides exhibited higher NO₂ production compared to TiO₂ P25 during NO_x oxidation. One possible explanation for this phenomenon may be attributed to different ROS-mediated mechanisms present in TiO₂ P25 and bismuth oxyiodide compounds. However, the possibility of significant adsorption of intermediates in solution onto bismuth oxyiodide materials cannot be neglected. Quencher experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and terephthalic acid-fluorescence probe method revealed that hydroxyl radicals (HO·) are not the major oxidant specie in in bismuth oxyiodide-mediated photocatalysis. Using evidence from EPR spectroscopy, a photodegradation pathway, involving singlet oxygen (¹O₂), was proposed. These findings provide valuable insights into the photocatalytic behavior of bismuth oxyiodides and highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms to optimize their use for environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00251-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocurrent generation using ZnO/CuO/Ag heterojunction films","authors":"Joseff Renato Mejia-Bernal,&nbsp;Christian Gómez-Solís,&nbsp;I. Juárez-Ramírez,&nbsp;G. Ortiz-Rabell,&nbsp;L. A. Díaz-Torres","doi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00217-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-025-00217-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The preparation of heterojunctions in semiconductor films has generated great interest in the field of photocatalysis due to the unique physicochemical properties and a special electronic band structure formed. Particularly, in this work, we show the heterojunction synthesis of ZnO/CuO/Ag films deposited on glass substrates. These films were prepared by the sol–gel method coupled with the spin-coating technique, which is an easy, simple, and economical option to prepare films compared to other reported methods. According to the results obtained, the presence of CuO and Ag on the ZnO surface favored the better separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pair, as well as a better visible light absorbance compared to pure ZnO and CuO. The characterization of the films was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques to know the structural and morphological parameters, respectively, while through UV–Vis analysis, it was possible to determine the bandgap energy value of the films through the Tau plot. Likewise, by means of photoluminescence analysis, it was possible to observe an improvement in charge transfer, thus avoiding the rapid recombination of the photogenerated electron–hole pair. Finally, photoelectrochemical tests (PEC) for photocurrent generation showed an improvement for the ZnO/CuO/Ag heterojunction film (0.78 mA/cm²), almost five times greater than ZnO (0.15 mA/cm²), respectively, which is caused by the increased electron transport that is linked to the longer lifetime of the charge carriers with an effective separation of the electron–hole pair and a fast diffusion rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-025-00217-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mode of metal transfer on corrosion properties of duplex stainless steel welding","authors":"Chintan Bahadursinh Gohil,&nbsp;Sanjay Narhar Soman","doi":"10.1186/s40712-024-00194-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40712-024-00194-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gas metal arc welding process used to develop butt welding on 8-mm plates of EN 1.4462 (2205) grade to meet higher productivity and excellent corrosion properties by using the dip or short circuit, globular, and spray modes of metal transfer. General corrosion behavior was determined by potentiodynamic in 0.1%N H₂SO₄ solution, while pitting corrosion susceptibility was studied by cyclic polarization test in 6% FeCl₃ solution. Pitting and crevice corrosion tests were performed as per ASTM G48 method A and B, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the specimen welded with spray transfer mode was found without any pitting on the surface with the lowest weight loss of 0.000005 g/cm² and 0.000109 g/cm² in the pitting and crevice test, respectively. No intermetallic phase was observed in optical microscopy up to 500 × for all modes of metal transfer specimens. The dip transfer mode sample shows the lowest corrosion rate at 2.310 mpy and 37.91 in potentiodynamic and cyclic polarization studies demonstrating very good general corrosion and pitting potential. The highest volume ferrite % was observed in the heat-affected zone than weld and base metal for all samples. However, the dip transfer mode specimen shows the highest % ferrite of 68.21%, 59.37%, and 51.02% in the heat-affected zone and weld and base metal. Spray transfer mode is recommended to weld 8-mm plates for welding joints for welding similar types of applications and testing media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":592,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmsg.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40712-024-00194-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}