{"title":"Bifunctional Ionic Liquids Induced Electrochemical C-H Arylation of Quinoxalin(on)es with Aryltriazenes.","authors":"Chenyu Li,Wei Xu,Bin Wang,Ziren Chen,Yu Xia,Shaofeng Wu,Weiwei Jin,Chenjiang Liu,Yonghong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00460","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient bifunctional ionic-liquid-induced electrochemical C-H arylation of quinoxalin(on)es with aryltriazenes has been developed. The reaction utilizes aryltriazenes as stable arylation reagents and ionic liquids as promoter and electrolyte. Various arylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, quinoxaline and 2-methyldibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline were assembled in modest to excellent yields under mild, metal- and oxidant-free conditions. The developed protocol features simple operation, good functional group tolerance, good selectivity, product derivatization, and practical gram-scale synthesis in batch and continuous-flow processes.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrophilic (Hetero)Arene C-H Nitration by Ferric Nitrate Nonahydrate in Hexafluoroisopropanol.","authors":"Yuzhu Zheng,Zongyi Liu,Zhaobo Ying,Youwei Xie","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00137","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we provide an extended substrate scope and more detailed mechanistic studies of an operationally simple and generally applicable arene nitration that we previously reported. This method utilizes safe and inexpensive Fe(NO3)3•9H2O as the nitro source in easily recyclable HFIP and obviates the need for corrosive acids (HNO3 + H2SO4). As a result, we speculated that it could serve as an effective substitute for the traditional mixed acid approach under most scenarios due to its operational simplicity. A general guidance for the application of this method was provided.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang He,Xiao-Han Qiu,Yi-Feng Lin,Ming Bian,Hui-Yu Chen,Yu-Ning Gao,Zhen-Jiang Liu
{"title":"A One-Pot Relay Sc(III)/Base-Promoted Addition/Cyclization of 1-(o-Aminophenyl)prop-2-Ynols and S/C Nucleophiles: Synthesis of 3-Sulfenylindole and 3-Arylindole Derivatives.","authors":"Chang He,Xiao-Han Qiu,Yi-Feng Lin,Ming Bian,Hui-Yu Chen,Yu-Ning Gao,Zhen-Jiang Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00182","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient strategy for the construction of 3-sulfenylindoles and 3-arylindoles based on a one-pot relay Sc(III)/base-promoted Michael addition/cyclization/aromatization process has been developed. Different types of nucleophiles (thio- and carbon nucleophiles) react with aza-alkynyl o-quinone methides (aza-o-AQMs) generated in situ from 1-(o-aminophenyl)prop-2-ynols to afford the indole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. This method displays the advantages of mild conditions, simple starting materials, and broad substrate scope.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron B. Berlin, Emily Sidlow, Chris Zheng, Marisa C. Kozlowski
{"title":"Quantification of the H-Bond-Donating Ability of Trifluoromethyl Ketone Hydrates Using a Colorimetric Sensor","authors":"Cameron B. Berlin, Emily Sidlow, Chris Zheng, Marisa C. Kozlowski","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.4c03046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.4c03046","url":null,"abstract":"Trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs) readily form stable hydrates and hemiketals in solution, allowing them to interact with biomolecules as hydrogen-bond donors. This interaction is governed by both the hydration equilibrium and the intrinsic hydrogen-bonding strength for a given compound. The hydrogen-bond-donating abilities for aryl, heterocyclic, and alkyl TFMKs were experimentally determined by using UV–vis titrations with a colorimetric sensor. Values were also adjusted based on the percent hydrate present in solution to provide insight into the hydrogen-bond-donating ability of the hydrate species.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"232 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dunja Pupavac,Andrea M Nikolić,John-Paul Webster,Theodore P Curtis,Boban And Elković,Timothy R Newhouse,Igor M Opsenica
{"title":"Computational Rational Design of Bridgehead Nitrogen Heterocyclic Azobenzene Photoswitches.","authors":"Dunja Pupavac,Andrea M Nikolić,John-Paul Webster,Theodore P Curtis,Boban And Elković,Timothy R Newhouse,Igor M Opsenica","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00731","url":null,"abstract":"Azobenzenes are proven to be one of the most successful molecular photoswitches applied across different fields such as organic chemistry, material science, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Such a widespread implementation is possible because of their photochromic properties contingent upon the substitution pattern and aryl-core nature. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings with heteroaromatics turned out to be a good strategy to access compounds with improved photoswitching properties, as well as to expand molecular diversity. One of the challenges related to the design of new azobenzene photoswitches is that it often includes the synthesis of large libraries of compounds due to limited methods for prediction of their properties. Herein, we present a computationally driven workflow for the design and synthesis of a novel class of azobenzene photoswitches, heteroaryl azobenzenes with N-bridgehead heterocycles─pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. A small library of heteroaryl photoswitches was synthesized, and their photochemical properties were evaluated. Subsequently, these results were used to validate a computational approach, which included the in silico evaluation of a large library of designed photoswitch candidates leading to the synthesis of a new photoswitch with improved spectral properties, red-shifted λmax values.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organocatalytic Synthesis of Spiro-Bridged Heterocyclic Compounds via a Chemoselective Vinylogous Michael/Cyclization/Rearrangement Sequence.","authors":"I-Ting Chen,Hsuan Lin,Jeng-Liang Han","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00443","url":null,"abstract":"An organocatalytic cascade reaction of 2-ethylidene 1,3-indandiones and isatylidene-malononitriles has been achieved using quinine as the catalyst. The unexpected vinylogous Michael addition at the β position of isatylidene-malononitriles, followed by aldol cyclization, 1,2-addition of alkoxide to nitrile, and [1,3]-O-to-N rearrangement, leads to the generation of unique spiro-bridged heterocyclic compounds containing amide, indanone, and oxindole moieties in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoredox Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Radical Cyclization for the Synthesis of Oxindoles and Chroman-4-ones.","authors":"Shaoyang Han,Litao Liu,Jianqing Meng,Meichao Li,Qun Cao,Zhenlu Shen","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00669","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainable, photocatalytic approach for the synthesis of oxindoles and chroman-4-ones was developed using carboxylate salts as radical precursors and FeCl3 as a catalyst. The reaction proceeds via a decarboxylative radical cyclization mechanism triggered by ligand-to-metal charge transfer under visible light irradiation, operating efficiently at room temperature. This method demonstrates excellent substrate scope, including the use of various alkyl carboxylates, and functional group tolerance and offers a scalable pathway for gram-scale synthesis, highlighting its practical application.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why Does Rh Prefer [4 + 1] while Pd Prefer [4 + 4 + 1] Mode in Carbocyclization of Vinylallene with CO? Unveiling Nickel’s Potential for Expanding the Scope Beyond Pd","authors":"Sheetal Ranaut, Shivnath Mazumder","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00585","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodium(I) promotes a [4 + 1] assembly mode with a vinylallene substrate and CO, leading to the formation of a five-membered ring structure. In striking contrast, palladium(0) catalyzes a more complex [4 + 4 + 1] mode leading to a nine-membered cyclic ketone. The underlying mechanisms that govern this contrast in assembly modes remain unclear, even in today’s date, presenting a major challenge to the further development of efficient reactions. Our computational study reveals that Rh adopts a square pyramidal geometry with CO. This is in contrast to Pd, which prefers a trigonal planar geometry. A stronger metal–CO interaction is detected in Rh than in a Pd intermediate, making the [4 + 1] mode more preferable in Rh than in Pd. The transition state for C–C coupling between two vinylallene has a significantly distorted tetrahedral core in the case of Rh, while Pd retains a stable trigonal planar structure, making the [4 + 4 + 1] reaction less favorable in Rh than in Pd. By conceptualizing and transferring the critical features of Pd to Ni systems, we have rationally designed a Ni-catalyzed [4 + 4 + 1] version that combines the desirable reactivity of Pd with the cost-effectiveness and abundance of Ni, aligning with the growing demand for more sustainable and atom-efficient strategies in synthetic organic chemistry.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reductive Deuteration of Aldehydes/Ketones for the Synthesis of Monodeuterated Phosphinates and Derivatives Using D2O as the Nucleophilic Deuterium Source.","authors":"Xiaochen Niu,Yuanyuan Xie,Hongwei Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00235","url":null,"abstract":"The ideal deuteration, for organic synthetic chemists, might include the use of a cheap deuterium source, mild operating conditions, and diverse transformations. We developed an umpolung sequence for the reductive deuteration of aldehydes/ketones, affording synthetically useful monodeuterated phosphinates. The further one-pot transformation and plausible mechanism of this reaction were studied.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoactivation of Thianthrenium Salts: An Electron-Donor-Acceptor (EDA)-Complex Approach.","authors":"Roshan I Patel,Barakha Saxena,Anuj Sharma","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00194","url":null,"abstract":"Thianthrenium salts have emerged as one of the most versatile reagents, gaining significant popularity within the synthetic community for their utility in the construction of C-C and C-X (X = N, O, S, P, halogens) bonds. The use of photoredox and transition metal catalysis with thianthrenium salts for C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation is well established. However, most of these methods require elevated temperatures, expensive catalysts, and ligands under stringent conditions for effective execution. In contrast, the photocatalysis- and transition-metal-free approaches for constructing C-C and C-X bonds using thianthrenium salt derivatives have become increasingly sought after. In this regard, electron-donor-acceptor (EDA)-complex reactions have emerged as a powerful strategy in organic synthesis, eliminating the need for photocatalysts under visible light irradiation. EDA-complex photochemistry exploits the electron-acceptor properties of thianthrenium salts, facilitating the rapid generation of radical intermediates via the C-S bond cleavage. These radical intermediates play a pivotal role in enabling a variety of valuable C-C and C-X formations. In this Perspective, we highlight significant advances in the EDA-complex-mediated reactions involving thianthrenium salts with mechanisms, substrate scope, and limitations for constructing C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. For the sake of brevity, the article is organized into five main sections: (1) Nitrogen-based donor reactions, (2) Oxygen-based donor reactions, (3) Sulfur-based donor reactions, (4) Phosphorus-based donor reactions, and (5) π-based donor reactions, with a focus on C-C, C-S, C-B and C-P bond formations.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}