Hongping Jiang, Xirong Liu, Chunling Zeng, Jie Tang, Guofang Jiang
{"title":"Enhanced Cytotoxicity of 10α,9β-Abiraterone Analogues Synthesized via LED Photocatalysis.","authors":"Hongping Jiang, Xirong Liu, Chunling Zeng, Jie Tang, Guofang Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiraterone and its analogues have been widely used in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, these drugs suffer from limited bioavailability and pharmacological activity. Consequently, the modification of the abiraterone structure has become increasingly important and has attracted significant attention in recent years. This document presents 10-CH<sub>3</sub> transposable abiraterone analogues that can be synthesized through a series of 9 to 10 reaction steps, including an LED-induced photochemical conversion step to produce 10-CH<sub>3</sub>-flipped compounds with high yields. Subsequently, the newly synthesized 10-CH<sub>3</sub> transposable compounds were evaluated in cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating that compounds <b>11d</b> and <b>11f</b>, which possess 3-acetyl and 17-pyridine (or 17-benzimidazole) moieties, exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity against DU145 and HCT116 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acid-Enabled Dearomative Umpolung of 3-Indolylquinones toward C3-Oxygenated Benzofuro[2,3-b]indolines.","authors":"Wenkang Wu,Chenglong Zhu,Yongzheng Zhang,Tingting Yan,Jingyuan Yao,Guanyu Yang,Yingchao Dou","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00710","url":null,"abstract":"We report an acid-enabled dearomative umpolung of 3-indolylquinones for the synthesis of C3-oxygenated benzofuro[2,3-b]indolines. This transformation proceeds via an intramolecular annulation, initiated by acid-facilitated formation of a dearomatized iminium intermediate. The resulting o-quinone methide motif undergoes intramolecular cyclization to generate a C3-carbocation intermediate, which is subsequently trapped by nucleophiles. A variety of alcohols (including primary, secondary, monohydric, and diols) are compatible with this reaction, providing the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and derivatization studies.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organophotocatalyzed Radical Hydrophosphonylation of Acrylates, α,β-Unsaturated Ketones, Coumarins, Quinoxalinones, and p-Quinone Methides.","authors":"Nisha Rawat,Parashuram Sharma,Seshadri Reddy Nasireddy,Anjul Vilas,Anand Singh","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00767","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient and general organophotocatalytic protocol for the hydrophosphonylation of electron-deficient alkenes is reported. Thioxanthone catalyzed generation of phosphonyl radicals from H-phosphine oxides enabled expeditious access to a range of β-phosphonylated esters, ketones, nitriles, amides, and γ-ketophosphine oxides, in excellent yields. This protocol features simple operating conditions, proceeds under mild conditions, provides access to an impressive array of diverse structural scaffolds, and exhibits broad functional group tolerance.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Mellado-Hidalgo, Joan Conejos-Jalencas, Saúl F. Teloxa, Andrea Suárez-Herrera, Luke McCall, Anna M. Costa, Pedro Romea, Fèlix Urpí, Gabriel Aullón, Cristina Puigjaner
{"title":"Direct, Asymmetric, and Stereodivergent Reactions of N-Azidoacetyl Thioimides with Aromatic Acetals Catalyzed by Chiral Nickel(II) Complexes. An Approach to the Synthesis of syn- and anti-β-Alkoxy-α-amino Acids","authors":"Miguel Mellado-Hidalgo, Joan Conejos-Jalencas, Saúl F. Teloxa, Andrea Suárez-Herrera, Luke McCall, Anna M. Costa, Pedro Romea, Fèlix Urpí, Gabriel Aullón, Cristina Puigjaner","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00390","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to the synthesis of all of the potential stereoisomers of β-alkoxy-α-amino acids derived from phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and other β-aryl counterparts is reported. Such a method hinges on direct and asymmetric Lewis acid-mediated aldol-like reactions of <i>N</i>-azidoacetyl thioimides with dialkyl acetals from aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by chiral nickel(II) complexes. This produces at will both the corresponding <i>syn</i> and <i>anti</i> adducts, which can be smoothly converted into enantiomerically pure intermediates such as dipeptide fragments. In turn, computational calculations have unveiled clues for a better understanding of such a stereocontrolled carbon–carbon bond-forming transformation.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regiodivergent Annulation Reactions of Chalcones to Indenones and Indanones with C1 Reagents.","authors":"Xinchi Gong,Sunewang R Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00497","url":null,"abstract":"One-pot direct regiodivergent annulations of chalcones, as exemplified by the drug metochalcone and a bioactive dichloro-substituted chalcone with a quinoline ring, to indanones and indenones are conveniently achieved with single-carbon reagent Kukhtin-Ramirez adducts. A Cs2CO3-promoted unusual selective cleavage of the cyclopropyl C-C bond distal to the strong carbonyl acceptor, further driven to completion by follow-up regiodivergent annulations via Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed Heck reaction or Cs2CO3-mediated SNAr process, is key for the success.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Form of the HOMA Geometric Aromaticity Index Is Universal and Allows the Design of Electronic and Magnetic Descriptors.","authors":"Jan Cz Dobrowolski,Sławomir Ostrowski","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00740","url":null,"abstract":"The HOMA geometrical aromaticity index is unique. It is simple, based on observable bond distances, and can be defined using experimental or computational bond values. Moreover, its mathematical form expresses geometric similarity to the archetypal aromatic benzene. Here, we show that HOMA is simply a kind of mean of the errors squared (MSE). This is why the index is such a good measure of aromaticity. Thus, only a slight modification grounds the HOMA index on electronic or magnetic properties, producing an electronic or magnetic molecular measure expressing electronic or magnetic similarity/dissimilarity to benzene. Based on an analysis of over 70 neutral or charged carbocyclic rings, we compare the HOMA indices based on bond distances, selected electron density properties in bond or ring critical points, chemical shifts, and spin-spin coupling constants. We conclude that using electronic and magnetic variables discloses separate trends that are invisible if CC bond lengths are used. Such new HOMA indices can be used to study different facets of aromaticity and as more general molecular structure descriptors.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Aminofluorination and Rational Design of a Metal-Free Strategy.","authors":"Yihao Zhang,Shuqi Zhang,Jiying Xu,Shuhao Ge,Shipeng Sun,Gernot Frenking,Lili Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00672","url":null,"abstract":"The β-fluoroalkylamine motif holds great value in drug development due to the unique properties imparted by fluorine incorporation. Currently, the most promising way for accessing this motif involves alkene aminofluorination, which heavily relies on transition-metal (TM) catalysts. Inspired by a control experiment reported in a related previous study, we herein rationally design a novel metal-free strategy for alkene aminofluorinations. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the desired aminofluorination pathway (ΔΔG‡ = 38.5 kcal/mol) is inherently less favorable than the competing alkene polymerization side reaction (ΔΔG‡ = 18.7 kcal/mol). To overcome this challenge, we utilized the Energy Decomposition Analysis with Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (EDA-NOCV) method to gain insight into various electrophilic amination reagents and found that N-halogeno-amines with weakened N-X bonds (X = F, Cl, Br, I) could be promising candidates for system optimization. Among these, N-I-amines proved most effective, steering the reaction toward aminofluorination. Further reaction kinetics simulations confirmed that the optimized system can achieve an 80% yield of β-fluoroalkylamines within 3 h at 343 K, which is comparable to experimentally reported transition metal-catalyzed system. Therefore, this study introduces a sustainable, metal-free approach for alkene aminofluorination via a radical chain mechanism, offering a greener alternative to the traditional TM-catalyzed process.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binuclear Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective C,N-Dipolar (3 + 2) Cycloadditions: Mechanistic Insights and Selectivity Control via DFT Analysis.","authors":"Yu Wang, Linxing Zhang, Jia Zhou, Lijuan Song","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2-Aminoallyl cations serve as highly versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. Their cycloaddition with unsaturated compounds provides an efficient strategy for the construction of heterocycles, which are key structural motifs found in a wide range of natural products, bioactive molecules, and agrochemicals. The mechanism and enantioselectivity of the C,N-dipolar (3 + 2) cycloaddition of 2-aminoallyl cations with indoles have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). We proposed that binuclear copper-assisted decarboxylation produces the 2-aminoallyl cation from ethynyl methylene cyclic carbamates (EMCCs), which then undergoes an enantioselective (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction with indoles to yield the final product. Our results indicate that the concerted mechanism is more favorable than the stepwise mechanism. The concerted mechanism involves asynchronous bond formation processes. The enantioselectivity is predominantly governed by the distortion energy. The atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld (ADCH) charge indicates that the regioselectivity is determined by the charge matching principle. The electron-poor carbon (C4: + 0.033) of the indole preferentially reacts with the nitrogen atom (N2: - 1.010) of the dipolar intermediate, leading to the formation of the major product. To validate the binuclear activation hypothesis, we computationally rationalized that chiral benzo[<i>c</i>]cinnoline-dioxazoline-supported binuclear copper catalysts ([L<sub>1</sub>(Cu)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>) exhibit enhanced catalytic efficiency for the C,N-dipolar (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles through Cascade Alkylarylation of N-Arylacrylamides with Carboxylic Acids Enabled by Iron Photocatalysis.","authors":"Xinran Zhang,Shuxin Yang,Jiaxing Lv,Wanpeng Lu,Yi Bi,Xianhe Fang","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00970","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we developed a cascade alkylarylation reaction of N-arylacrylamides with carboxylic acids to construct 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives. The transformation employs inexpensive iron photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. A broad scope of carboxylic acids and N-arylacrylamides could be well tolerated. Additionally, several synthesized oxindole compounds showed the suppression of nitric oxide generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonradical Reactions of <i>p</i>-Benzyne Diradicals.","authors":"Charles L Perrin","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enediynes undergo electrocyclization to <i>p</i>-benzyne diradicals. Although such diradicals ordinarily react by radical pathways, they can also be trapped by nucleophilic addition, a pathway supported by computations. The product of that addition is a \"naked\" aryl anion that is unselective toward protonation. A cyclohexeno-substituted enediyne was synthesized and found to be more amenable to further derivatization and mechanistic study. Moreover, it was shown to undergo automerization, rearrangement to a degenerate form of the original enediyne.</p>","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}