{"title":"Metal-Free C–H Heterofunctionalization of Naphthoquinone via Unprecedented C–N Bond Formation and Cleavage Using Imidazole","authors":"Adarsh Krishna T.P, Pandaram Sakthivel, Laxman Kota, Kumaresan Kalainilavan, Kathiravan Asokan, Andivelu Ilangovan","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.4c03162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.4c03162","url":null,"abstract":"Heterofunctionalization is an important tool for synthesis of bioactive molecules and to create new chemical entities. We developed a green and efficient method for the direct C–H/N–H cross dehydrogenative coupling of aryl naphthoquinone with imidazole in the absence of metal, ligand, and additive. Most interestingly, the synthesized imidazoloquinones were utilized as a key intermediate for unprecedented C–S, C–N, and highly valuable C–O bond heterofunctionalization. Important features of present findings, compared to previously known methods, are C–H and C–N bond activation under metal free condition, hetero functionalization of imidazoloquinone, no need for reoxidation, broad substrate scope, and high yields.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loic Groslambert, Yann Cornaton, Patrick Pale, Matej Ditte, Alexandre Tkatchenko, Jean-Pierre Djukic, Victor Mamane
{"title":"Chalcogen Bonding with Telluronium Cations: toward Selective Population of Tellurium σ-Holes by Lewis Bases.","authors":"Loic Groslambert, Yann Cornaton, Patrick Pale, Matej Ditte, Alexandre Tkatchenko, Jean-Pierre Djukic, Victor Mamane","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reaction of tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]telluronium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (BArF<sup>-</sup>) salt with phosphine oxides OPR<sub>3</sub> in 1,2-dichloroethane is exothermic and leads to the population of the three Te σ-holes. Quite unprecedented, careful adjustment of the stoichiometry of reagents allowed the selective crystallization of the Lewis adducts containing one, two, or three Te-bonded OPR<sub>3</sub>, according to X-ray diffraction. <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy-monitored titrations of the telluronium salt by OPPh<sub>3</sub> reveal the growth of the hydrodynamic volume of the various cationic adducts, alongside a unique behavior of the BArF<sup>-</sup> counterion that suggests its aggregation at high cationic molecular sizes. Isotherm titration calorimetry experiments show that the association equilibrium constants of OPR<sub>3</sub> binding to Te σ-holes follow the order <i>K</i><sub>a1</sub> > <i>K</i><sub>a2</sub> > <i>K</i><sub>a3</sub>, with respective values decreasing by 1 up to 2 orders of magnitude as the σ-holes are populated. Analysis of Te-O bonding by DFT methods confirms their dominant Coulombic character. The minor covalent character is nonetheless required to ensure telluronium-ligand cohesion. DFT calculations of the association thermochemistry raise the tangible contribution of ion \"pairs\" to the association enthalpy as a major issue for modeling: the allegedly \"non-coordinating\" BArF<sup>-</sup> taking part in elusive multipolar ion-pairs is far from being an irrelevant thermochemical contributor.</p>","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milan S. Nešić, Milica D. Nešić, Dragan B. Zlatković, Marko V. Rodić, Matic Lozinšek, Niko S. Radulović
{"title":"One-Step Introduction of Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups onto Aryl Methyl Ketones: Synthesis of α-Iminoamidines with Tunable Biorelevant Properties","authors":"Milan S. Nešić, Milica D. Nešić, Dragan B. Zlatković, Marko V. Rodić, Matic Lozinšek, Niko S. Radulović","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00224","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report a straightforward one-step oxidative method for introducing three nitrogen atoms into aryl methyl ketones, yielding α-iminoamidines. Minor changes to the reaction conditions or workup, or subsequent simple transformations, unlock a variety of nitrogen-rich scaffolds. Physicochemical data show tunable basicity and lipophilicity─key traits for medicinal chemistry. The scaffold also supports axial stereoisomerism, adding stereochemical diversity.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin N. Little, Gideon Ofosu Addai, Colin C. Stanwood, Christelle F. T. Bucag, Xinsong Lin, Banghao Chen, A. Carl Whittington, Lei Zhu
{"title":"DABCO-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Its Use in Improving the Synthesis of O2-Benzylcytosines as Substrates of CLIP-Tag","authors":"Kevin N. Little, Gideon Ofosu Addai, Colin C. Stanwood, Christelle F. T. Bucag, Xinsong Lin, Banghao Chen, A. Carl Whittington, Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.4c02920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.4c02920","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the effect of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), a nucleophilic tertiary amine, in the synthesis of O<sup>2</sup>-benzylcytosines in terms of both reaction efficiency and operational convenience. Benzylcytosines are substrates of the protein-labeling tool CLIP-tag. The applications of the synthesized CLIP-tag substrates in the fluorescent labeling of plasma membranes of live mammalian cells are demonstrated. For providing a fuller depiction of the function of DABCO in nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S<sub>N</sub>Ar) reactions involving nitrogen heterocycles, the efficiency and scope of DABCO-catalyzed substitutions on chlorinated pyrimidines are studied. The structures of single- and double-DABCO adducts of pyrimidine are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The S<sub>N</sub>Ar reactivities of the DABCO adducts are assessed. Both the benefits and limitations of DABCO as a nucleophilic catalyst in S<sub>N</sub>Ar reactions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visible Light-Induced Radical-Cascade Difluoroalkylation/Cyclization of Unsaturated Aldehyde Hydrazones for the Synthesis of Difluoroalkylated Dihydropyrazoles and Tetrahydropyridazines","authors":"Hui Chen, Kaifa Zhang, Kun Xia, Yu Li, Ziwei Shan, Shuangming Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Ablimit Abdukader","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00708","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light-induced radical 5/6-<i>endo-trig</i> difluoroalkylation/cyclization of <i>N</i>-allyl and homoallyl aldehyde hydrazones with various fluoroalkyl bromides has been achieved. The reaction was carried out with alkyl difluoroacetates and difluoroacetamide as difluoroalkylation reagents and Eosin Y as an organic photocatalyst. Various difluoroalkylated dihydropyrazoles and tetrahydropyridazines were obtained under metal-free and mild conditions.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of SeCF<sub>3</sub>-Substituted Oxazines and Oxazolines through Electrophilic Trifluoromethylselenolation Cyclization of Propargylic Amides.","authors":"Jia Wang, Jia-Qi Niu, Jia-Cheng Li, Lixia Liu, Xuefang Shang, Ping-Xin Zhou, Shujun Chao","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation cyclizations of propargylic amides are disclosed. The transformations undergo the 6-<i>endo</i>-dig and 5-<i>exo</i>-dig cyclizations to synthesize SeCF<sub>3</sub>-substituted oxazines and oxazolines, respectively, which are induced by <i>N</i>-trifluoromethylselenophthalimide. This protocol is suitable for late-stage applications of complex natural products and drug molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing-Wei Yang, Chuan-Kun Ran, Wen-Jing Zhu, Yi Jiang, Si-Shun Yan, Jian-Heng Ye, Da-Gang Yu
{"title":"Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Benzylic C(sp3)–O Bonds in Ethers with CO2","authors":"Jing-Wei Yang, Chuan-Kun Ran, Wen-Jing Zhu, Yi Jiang, Si-Shun Yan, Jian-Heng Ye, Da-Gang Yu","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c01091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c01091","url":null,"abstract":"Although significant progress has been made in achieving site-selective C–O bond functionalization in specific substrates, the selective cleavage and functionalization of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–O bonds in ethers remain a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an efficient carboxylation method via the photoredox-catalyzed cleavage of benzylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–O bonds in ethers with carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Diverse primary, secondary, and tertiary benzyl ethers undergo selective carboxylation with CO<sub>2</sub> to generate valuable aryl acetic acids, including several drug molecules. This photocatalyzed carboxylation reaction is operationally simple to implement and versatile for various benzylic ethers, exhibiting favorable compatibility with diverse functional groups. Mechanistic studies indicate that the single electron transfer (SET) reduction of ethers might be the key to generating a highly reactive radical anion intermediate, which could undergo C–O bond cleavage and another SET reduction process to generate carbanions for reaction with CO<sub>2</sub>.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben J. Tickner, Claire Condon, Victoria Annis, Richard J. Gammons, Adrian C. Whitwood, Simon B. Duckett
{"title":"Base-Promoted Iridium-Catalyzed Deuteration and C–H Bond Activation of N-Heterocycles","authors":"Ben J. Tickner, Claire Condon, Victoria Annis, Richard J. Gammons, Adrian C. Whitwood, Simon B. Duckett","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00174","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) of <i>N</i>-heterocycles is highly important in synthesis, where it is often used to prepare probes suitable for pharmaceutical studies. In this work, we show that pharmaceuticals such as anastrozole, trimethoprim, and bisacodyl can be easily deuterated in up to 84–95%, with high site selectivity using an [IrCl(COD)(IMes)]/H<sub>2</sub>/NaOMe/methanol-<i>d</i><sub>4</sub> derived catalytic system. We studied in detail the deuteration of quinoxaline using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography and characterized a range of C–H bond activated products that include [Ir(H)<sub>2</sub>(quinoxaline)(IMes)(κ<sup>2</sup>-μ<sub>2</sub>-C,N-quinoaxline)<sub>2</sub>Ir(H)<sub>2</sub>(quinoxaline)(IMes)]; [Ir(H)<sub>2</sub>(quinoxaline)(IMes)(κ<sup>2</sup>-μ<sub>2</sub>-C,N-quinoxaline)<sub>2</sub>Ir(Cl)(H)(quinoxaline)(IMes)]; [Ir(H)<sub>2</sub>(IMes)(κ<sup>2</sup>-μ<sub>2</sub>-C,N-quinoxaline)<sub>2</sub>Ir(H)<sub>2</sub>(IMes)]; and [Ir(H)<sub>2</sub>(IMes)(κ<sup>2</sup>-μ<sub>2</sub>-C,N-quinoxaline)<sub>2</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>–H)Ir(H)(quinoxaline)(IMes)]. Reaction scope is demonstrated by the examination of 17 structurally diverse substrates, with functional groups spanning pyridines, quinoxalines, quinolines, purine/xanthines, triazoles, and pyrimidines. Four analogous C–H-bond-activated X-ray structures were obtained for the additional substrates. Catalytic turnover was found to dramatically increase upon the addition of NaOMe and is linked to a demonstrated role for trihydride species [Ir(H)<sub>3</sub>(COD)(IMes)] in the HIE process, with the reactive fragment {IrH(IMes)} implicated in the formation of catalytically competent dinuclear C–H bond activation products.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Isoquinoline N-Oxides via Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Ketoximes with Alkenes","authors":"Aurapat Ngamnithiporn, Padon Chuentragool, Supakarn Punnita, Wachirawit Thitseesaeng, Teesuda Sirichai, Shinji Harada, Tetsuhiro Nemoto, Poonsakdi Ploypradith, Somsak Ruchirawat","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00488","url":null,"abstract":"Reported herein is the development of an intramolecular oxidative cyclization of ketoximes with alkenes for the preparation of isoquinoline <i>N</i>-oxides. The reaction, which utilizes phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) as an oxidant and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as a solvent, proceeds to afford various <i>N</i>-heterocyclic products, including aryl/heteroaryl-fused pyridine <i>N</i>-oxides, isoindole <i>N</i>-oxides, and 2-benzazepine derivatives. Preliminary experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that the ionic pathway is the primary mechanism. The synthetic utility of the developed method was highlighted via several product transformations.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sushma Naharwal, Narendra Dinkar Kharat, Siva S. Panda, Kiran Bajaj, Alokananda Chanda, Sanjay K. Mandal, Rajeev Sakhuja
{"title":"Rh(III)-Catalyzed Fabrication of [4,3,1]-Bridged Azaheterocycles using Quinone Monoacetals","authors":"Sushma Naharwal, Narendra Dinkar Kharat, Siva S. Panda, Kiran Bajaj, Alokananda Chanda, Sanjay K. Mandal, Rajeev Sakhuja","doi":"10.1021/acs.joc.5c00392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00392","url":null,"abstract":"A rhodium-catalyzed annulation strategy for the fabrication of cyclohexanone-bridged indazolones and other related diazole-ones and diazine-ones was established using quionone monoacetals under mild conditions. On the other hand, the use of 4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone under the optimized Rh-conditions produced an <i>ortho-</i>C<sub>Ar</sub>-arylated product in moderate reactivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that the coupling proceeded <i>via</i> one-pot C–H activation-Michael/hetero-Michael additions into the enone moiety. Interestingly, the [4,3,1]-bridged-1,2-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-indazol-3-ones underwent unexpected migratory aromatization in acidic condition to produce 3-hydroxy-14<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>c</i>]indazolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]cinnolin-14-ones in high yields.","PeriodicalId":57,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.354,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}