Frontiers in Energy最新文献

{"title":"Operando modeling and measurements: Powerful tools for revealing the mechanism of alkali carbonate-based sorbents for CO2 capture in real conditions","authors":"Tianyi Cai,&nbsp;Mengshi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoping Chen,&nbsp;Ye Wu,&nbsp;Jiliang Ma,&nbsp;Wu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0872-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0872-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkali carbonate-based sorbents (ACSs), including Na₂CO₃- and K₂CO₃-based sorbents, are promising for CO₂ capture. However, the complex sorbent components and operation conditions lead to the versatile kinetics of CO₂ sorption on these sorbents. This paper proposed that operando modeling and measurements are powerful tools to understand the mechanism of sorbents in real operating conditions, facilitating the sorbent development, reactor design, and operation parameter optimization. It reviewed the theoretical simulation achievements during the development of ACSs. It elucidated the findings obtained by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, and classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations as well. The hygroscopicity of sorbent and the humidity of gas flow are crucial to shifting the carbonation reaction from the gas—solid mode to the gas—liquid mode, boosting the kinetics. Moreover, it briefly introduced a machine learning (ML) approach as a promising method to aid sorbent design. Furthermore, it demonstrated a conceptual compact operando measurement system in order to understand the behavior of ACSs in the real operation process. The proposed measurement system includes a micro fluidized-bed (MFB) reactor for kinetic analysis, a multi-camera sub-system for 3D particle movement tracking, and a combined Raman and IR sub-system for solid/gas components and temperature monitoring. It is believed that this system is useful to evaluate the real-time sorbent performance, validating the theoretical prediction and promoting the industrial scale-up of ACSs for CO₂ capture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"380 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4834287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2, N2, and CO2/N2 mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO2 geological storage","authors":"Jianfa Wu,&nbsp;Haoran Hu,&nbsp;Cheng Chang,&nbsp;Deliang Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Shengxian Zhao,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Qiushi Zhang,&nbsp;Yiming Chen,&nbsp;Fanhua Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0865-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0865-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, using fractured shale cores, isothermal adsorption experiments and core flooding tests were conducted to investigate the performance of injecting different gases to enhance shale gas recovery and CO₂ geological storage efficiency under real reservoir conditions. The adsorption process of shale to different gases was in agreement with the extended-Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacity of CO₂ was the largest, followed by CH₄, and that of N₂ was the smallest of the three pure gases. In addition, when the CO₂ concentration in the mixed gas exceeded 50%, the adsorption capacity of the mixed gas was greater than that of CH₄, and had a strong competitive adsorption effect. For the core flooding tests, pure gas injection showed that the breakthrough time of CO₂ was longer than that of N₂, and the CH₄ recovery factor at the breakthrough time <span>(left({{R_{{rm{C}}{{rm{H}}_4}}}} right))</span> was also higher than that of N₂. The <span>({R_{{rm{C}}{{rm{H}}_4}}})</span> of CO₂ gas injection was approximately 44.09%, while the <span>({R_{{rm{C}}{{rm{H}}_4}}})</span> of N₂ was only 31.63%. For CO₂/N₂ mixed gas injection, with the increase of CO₂ concentration, the <span>({R_{{rm{C}}{{rm{H}}_4}}})</span> increased, and the <span>({R_{{rm{C}}{{rm{H}}_4}}})</span> for mixed gas CO₂/N₂ = 8:2 was close to that of pure CO₂, about 40.24%. Moreover, the breakthrough time of N₂ in mixed gas was not much different from that when pure N2 was injected, while the breakthrough time of CO₂ was prolonged, which indicated that with the increase of N₂ concentration in the mixed gas, the breakthrough time of CO₂ could be extended. Furthermore, an abnormal surge of N₂ concentration in the produced gas was observed after N₂ breakthrough. In regards to CO₂ storage efficiency <span>(left({{S_{{rm{storage - C}}{{rm{O}}_2}}}} right))</span>, as the CO₂ concentration increased, <span>({S_{{rm{storage - C}}{{rm{O}}_2}}})</span> also increased. The <span>({S_{{rm{storage - C}}{{rm{O}}_2}}})</span> of the pure CO₂ gas injection was about 35.96%, while for mixed gas CO₂/N₂ = 8:2, <span>({S_{{rm{storage - C}}{{rm{O}}_2}}})</span> was about 32.28%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"428 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5081708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced performance of oxygen vacancies on CO2 adsorption and activation over different phases of ZrO2","authors":"Juntian Niu,&nbsp;Cunxin Zhang,&nbsp;Haiyu Liu,&nbsp;Yan Jin,&nbsp;Riguang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0867-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0867-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of oxygen vacancies on the adsorption and activation of CO₂ on the surface of different phases of ZrO₂ is investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculations show that the oxygen vacancies contribute greatly to both the adsorption and activation of CO₂. The adsorption energy of CO₂ on the c-ZrO₂, t-ZrO₂ and, m-ZrO₂ surfaces is enhanced to 5, 4, and 3 folds with the help of oxygen vacancies, respectively. Moreover, the energy barrier of CO₂ dissociation on the defective surfaces of c-ZrO₂, t-ZrO₂, and m-ZrO₂ is reduced to 1/2, 1/4, and 1/5 of the perfect surface with the assistance of oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the activation of CO₂ on the ZrO₂ surface where oxygen vacancies are present, and changes from an endothermic reaction to an exothermic reaction. This finding demonstrates that the presence of oxygen vacancies promotes the activation of CO₂ both kinetically and thermodynamically. These results could provide guidance for the high-efficient utilization of CO₂ at an atomic scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 4","pages":"545 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5078459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase transition regulation and caloric effect","authors":"Yuan Lin,&nbsp;Jiazheng Hao,&nbsp;Kaiming Qiao,&nbsp;Yihong Gao,&nbsp;Fengxia Hu,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Tongyun Zhao,&nbsp;Baogen Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0860-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid state refrigeration based on caloric effect is regarded as a potential candidate for replacing vapor-compression refrigeration. Numerous methods have been proposed to optimize the refrigeration properties of caloric materials, of which single field tuning as a relatively simple way has been systemically studied. However, single field tuning with few tunable parameters usually obtains an excellent performance in one specific aspect at the cost of worsening the performance in other aspects, like attaining a large caloric effect with narrowing the transition temperature range and introducing hysteresis. Because of the shortcomings of the caloric effect driven by a single field, multifield tuning on multicaloric materials that have a coupling between different ferro-orders came into view. This review mainly focuses on recent studies that apply this method to improve the cooling performance of materials, consisting of enlarging caloric effects, reducing hysteresis losses, adjusting transition temperatures, and widening transition temperature spans, which indicate that further progress can be made in the application of this method. Furthermore, research on the sign of lattice and spin contributions to the magnetocaloric effect found new phonon evolution mechanisms, calling for more attention on multicaloric effects. Other progress including improving cyclability of FeRh alloys by introducing second phases and realizing a large reversible barocaloric effect by hybridizing carbon chains and inorganic groups is described in brief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 4","pages":"463 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5079802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of mainstream solar cell efficiencies in 2022","authors":"Wenzhong Shen,&nbsp;Yixin Zhao,&nbsp;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0871-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0871-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5081689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction potential of the energy penalty for CO2 capture in CCS","authors":"Yawen Zheng,&nbsp;Lin Gao,&nbsp;Song He,&nbsp;Hongguang Jin","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0864-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0864-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) has been acknowledged as an essential part of a portfolio of technologies that are required to achieve cost-effective long-term CO₂ mitigation. However, the development progress of CCS technologies is far behind the targets set by roadmaps, and engineering practices do not lead to commercial deployment. One of the crucial reasons for this delay lies in the unaffordable penalty caused by CO₂ capture, even though the technology has been commonly recognized as achievable. From the aspects of separation and capture technology innovation, the potential and promising direction for solving this problem were analyzed, and correspondingly, the possible path for deployment of CCS in China was discussed. Under the carbon neutral target recently proposed by the Chinese government, the role of CCS and the key milestones for deployment were indicated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"390 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5079821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-based high-temperature receiver technologies for next-generation concentrating solar power: A review of challenges and potential solutions","authors":"Ya-Ling He,&nbsp;Wenqi Wang,&nbsp;Rui Jiang,&nbsp;Mingjia Li,&nbsp;Wenquan Tao","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0866-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0866-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reduce the levelized cost of energy for concentrating solar power (CSP), the outlet temperature of the solar receiver needs to be higher than 700 °C in the next-generation CSP. Because of extensive engineering application experience, the liquid-based receiver is an attractive receiver technology for the next-generation CSP. This review is focused on four of the most promising liquid-based receivers, including chloride salts, sodium, lead-bismuth, and tin receivers. The challenges of these receivers and corresponding solutions are comprehensively reviewed and classified. It is concluded that combining salt purification and anti-corrosion receiver materials is promising to tackle the corrosion problems of chloride salts at high temperatures. In addition, reducing energy losses of the receiver from sources and during propagation is the most effective way to improve the receiver efficiency. Moreover, resolving the sodium fire risk and material compatibility issues could promote the potential application of liquid-metal receivers. Furthermore, using multiple heat transfer fluids in one system is also a promising way for the next-generation CSP. For example, the liquid sodium is used as the heat transfer fluid while the molten chloride salt is used as the storage medium. In the end, suggestions for future studies are proposed to bridge the research gaps for &gt; 700 °C liquid-based receivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"16 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5078451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition","authors":"Haoming Ma,&nbsp;Zhe Sun,&nbsp;Zhenqian Xue,&nbsp;Chi Zhang,&nbsp;Zhangxing Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 $/kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"102 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5081692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook","authors":"Qiao Ma,&nbsp;Shan Wang,&nbsp;Yan Fu,&nbsp;Wenlong Zhou,&nbsp;Mingwei Shi,&nbsp;Xueting Peng,&nbsp;Haodong Lv,&nbsp;Weichen Zhao,&nbsp;Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO₂ emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 3","pages":"400 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5075987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technologies in the report of Engineering Fronts 2022","authors":"Yonglin Ju,&nbsp;Ruiqin Liu,&nbsp;Lingxiao Fu","doi":"10.1007/s11708-023-0868-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-023-0868-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"5 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4603387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}