Frontiers in Energy最新文献

{"title":"Modulating reaction pathways for the highly selective production of light aromatics from CO2 hydrogenation","authors":"Jia Liu,&nbsp;Shengkai Sun,&nbsp;Mingjun Pan,&nbsp;Dong Fang,&nbsp;Tao Zhou,&nbsp;Xianni Bu,&nbsp;Chengguang Yang,&nbsp;Peng Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1075-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1075-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct CO₂ hydrogenation to high-value light aromatics (BTX) has garnered significant research interest, but the current state-of-the-art BTX selectivity remains unsatisfactory. Herein, an oxide/dual-zeolite tandem catalyst was developed through physical mixing of SAPO-34 (hereafter abbreviated as SP34) and ZnZrO_x/ZSM-5 (hereafter referred to as ZZO/Z5). The optimized ZZO/2SP34/Z5 catalyst achieves a promising BTX selectivity (42.3% of aromatics), while maintaining a high CO₂ conversion (12.4%) and overall aromatic selectivity (75.3%, CO-free) at a relatively low temperature of 320 °C. By introducing the SP34 zeolite, the adsorption capacity of the ZZO/Z5 catalytic system for H and CO₂ is enhanced. Probe experiments and <i>in situ</i> DRIFTS spectra indicate that the SP34 component converts part of the methanol into light olefins, thereby reducing the concentration of oxygenated intermediates directly transferred to Z5 and inhibiting the surface methylation of BTX into C₉₊ aromatics. Compared with particle mixing and multi-bed mixing, proximate grinding mixing proves to be the optimal mixing method, facilitating the selective formation of BTX at 3 MPa and 1200 mL/(g_cat·h). Comparative experiments demonstrate that this dual-zeolite strategy is more facile and effective than the traditional passivation of external acid sites. Notably, such high BTX selectivity achieved by the ZZO/2SP34/Z5 catalyst at 320 °C has rarely been reported in the literature. This work provides an efficient non-petroleum pathway for the highly selective production of BTX and offers valuable insights into the reaction mechanisms associated with the two pathways of direct CO₂ hydrogenation to aromatics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-phase-coexisting anode enabling high-performance water splitting in protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells","authors":"Fangyuan Zheng,&nbsp;Chen Song,&nbsp;Yanran Wang,&nbsp;Baoyin Yuan,&nbsp;Chunmei Tang,&nbsp;Liming Chen,&nbsp;Taikai Liu,&nbsp;Jie Mao,&nbsp;Ning Wang,&nbsp;Siyu Ye","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1088-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells (P-SOECs) represent a promising technology for efficient and economical green hydrogen production. However, the development of high-performance anodes that simultaneously achieve excellent catalytic activity and mixed ionic–electronic conductivity remains a significant challenge. In this work, high-performance La_0.9Ba_0.1Co_0.7Ni_0.2Ag_0.1O_{3−<i>δ</i>} (LBCNA) anodes featuring the coexistence of three-phases—rhombohedral ABO₃-type LBCNA, Ruddlesden–Popper type LBCNA, and Ag metal nanoparticles—were successfully constructed. The optimized LBCNA-900 anode exhibits exceptional catalytic activity, with an ultralow area-specific resistance (ASR) of 0.10 Ω·cm² at 600 °C. When applied in P-SOECs, the LBCNA-900 anode demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving a high current density of 1.8 A·cm⁻² at 1.3 V at 600 °C. Beyond its promising application potential, this synergistic strategy provides a novel design principle for developing advanced electrocatalysts, with potential implications for a broad range of energy conversion and storage technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness-gradient electrolytes for homogenizing the current distribution in solid oxide fuel cells","authors":"Hao Sun,&nbsp;Zewei Lyu,&nbsp;Qiuqiu Lyu,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhao,&nbsp;Zaihong Sun,&nbsp;Kaihua Sun,&nbsp;Qin Zhong,&nbsp;Tenglong Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1087-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1087-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), operation at high fuel utilization inevitably induces strong fuel concentration gradients along the flow direction, leading to pronounced non-uniformity in current density distribution. Here, a thickness-gradient electrolyte strategy is proposed to homogenize the current distribution by deliberately modulating the local ohmic resistance, suppressing current density in fuel-rich inlet regions while enhancing it in fuel-depleted outlet regions. A gradient YSZ electrolyte with a thickness ranging from 5 to 13 µm was successfully fabricated on a 10 cm × 10 cm single cell via a wet-spraying process, together with a dense 1.8 µm gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) barrier layer formed by <i>in situ</i> hydrothermal self-crystallization. Compared with conventional uniform-thickness electrolytes, the gradient electrolyte effectively reduces current density gradients and achieves improved current distribution uniformity under comparable fuel utilization conditions. Combined experimental characterization and multiphysics simulations demonstrate that the proposed gradient-electrolyte design significantly alleviates both current density non-uniformity and the associated thermal gradients in SOFCs operating at high fuel utilization. Overall, this work establishes a simple and scalable design strategy for regulating internal physical fields in SOFCs, offering a promising pathway toward improved conversion efficiency and enhanced durability under practically relevant operating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting the selective electrochemical upgrading of light alkanes to ethylene via advanced solid oxide electrolysis cells: Advances and outlook","authors":"Junwen Cao,&nbsp;Yuhui Jin,&nbsp;Muwei Zhang,&nbsp;Zongshu Li,&nbsp;Wenqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Shuxing Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Yifeng Li,&nbsp;Yun Zheng,&nbsp;Bo Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1082-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1082-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Light olefins, represented by ethylene, are key feedstocks in the petrochemical industry, but traditional production technologies suffer from high energy consumption and carbon emissions. Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have emerged as a promising high-temperature electrochemical platform for light alkane upgrading, offering a green and efficient alternative for ethylene production. This review systematically summarizes the research progress, reaction mechanisms, and advanced material systems of SOEC-driven conversion of light alkanes (mainly methane and ethane) to ethylene. SOECs operate at 600–900 °C, enabling precise regulation of oxygen species activity and flux or proton extraction via electrochemical means, thereby overcoming the inherent conversion–selectivity trade-off of conventional thermochemical processes. The technology encompasses two main routes: oxygen-ion-conducting SOECs for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane and oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), and proton-conducting SOECs for the non-ODH of ethane. Key reaction mechanisms involve the regulation of active oxygen species (e.g., lattice oxygen, peroxide, and superoxide) and proton transfer, while strategies such as <i>in situ</i> exsolution, elemental doping, and surface infiltration effectively enhance catalyst activity and selectivity. Advanced anode materials, including perovskites, metal–oxide heterointerfaces, and composite systems, have demonstrated remarkable performance. Ethane conversion rates of up to 80% with ethylene selectivity exceeding 85% have been achieved, comparable to those of conventional thermocatalytic routes, while highly stable systems capable of long-term operation have also been developed. For methane conversion, OCM technology achieves near-quantitative C₂ selectivity (&gt; 99.5%) at moderate conversions, providing a foundation for further optimization. SOEC technology offers significant advantages such as low-carbon emissions, flexible feedstock adaptability, and compatibility with renewable energy. This review highlights the synergistic integration of material innovation, mechanism understanding, and system optimization in SOEC-driven alkane upgrading, providing a comprehensive reference for the development of low-carbon light olefin production technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable synthesis of an IrOx/Ir-Co3O4 heterostructure for efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution","authors":"Qi Wang,&nbsp;Keyan Liu,&nbsp;Wenhao Dong,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Wenmao Wang,&nbsp;Jinpeng Fan,&nbsp;Zixuan Zhang,&nbsp;Shaohua Shen,&nbsp;Jinjia Wei,&nbsp;Jingshan Luo,&nbsp;Jie Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1086-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1086-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deployment of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) necessitates efficient, stable, and low-Ir electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Herein, an IrO_<i>x</i>/Ir-Co₃O₄ heterostructure electrocatalyst is developed featuring bulk-doped Ir-Co₃O₄ with surface-anchored IrO_<i>x</i>, synthesized via a facile two-step electrochemical co-deposition process followed by programmed annealing. The IrO_<i>x</i>/Ir-Co₃O₄ catalyst requires an overpotential of only 237 mV to reach 10 mA/cm² and achieves a high mass activity of 230 A/g_Ir at 1.5 V versus RHE. In a 1 cm² membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer (Pt/C∥IrO_<i>x</i>/Ir-Co₃O₄), a cell voltage of only 1.773 V delivers 1 A/cm², with stable operation exceeding 160 h at 200 mA/cm². Moreover, a 100 cm² IrO_<i>x</i>/Ir-Co₃O₄ anode was fabricated, exhibiting performance comparable to that of its 1 cm² counterpart. Structural and computational analyses reveal that the synergy between bulk-doped Ir-Co₃O₄ and surface anchored IrO_<i>x</i> optimizes the electronic structure, thereby enhancing both catalytic activity and durability. This work provides a viable and scalable pathway for developing low-Ir electrocatalysts for practical PEMWE applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving 12.7% energy conversion efficiency in segmented GeTe/BST-SKD thermoelectric modules via broad-temperature and structural optimizations","authors":"Ge Fu,&nbsp;Shangchao Lin,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Yiling Duan,&nbsp;Yixuan Liu,&nbsp;Qilin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1081-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1081-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid-state thermoelectric (TE) power generation through the direct conversion of a temperature difference into electricity has received worldwide attention. In this work, a segmented GeTe/BST-SKD TE module is optimized and fabricated to achieve outstanding power density and energy conversion efficiency. To enable high module-level TE performance, p-type GeTe with a <i>ZT</i>_max of 2.47 is used, while p-type BST (Bi_2−<i>x</i>Sb_<i>x</i>Te₃, with high <i>ZT</i> in the low temperature range) and n-type SKD (skutterudite, Yb_0.3Co₄Sb₁₂) are optimized to reach <i>ZT</i>_max values of 1.38 and 1.33, respectively. Furthermore, module structure optimization is conducted using multiphysics-field simulations for three shape factors, including the segmentation ratio, height-to-area ratio, and cross-sectional area ratio between p- and n-type legs. When the three factors are 0.35, 0.67 mm⁻¹, and 1.85, respectively, both the maximum power density and energy conversion efficiency reach their optimal values. Finally, Ni foil is applied at the GeTe/BST interface to serve as both a metallization layer and a diffusion barrier, minimizing internal contact resistances and enhancing high-temperature stability. The maximum power density and energy conversion efficiency of the segmented module are increased by 35% and 21 %, respectively, compared with those of the unsegmented one. The segmented module achieves a substantial power output of ∼0.43 W at ΔT = 500 K, corresponding to a power density of 0.35 W/cm² per module area and 143 W kg⁻¹ per module weight, with an effective material-level power density of 1.51 W/cm². The segmented module achieves an outstanding energy conversion efficiency of 12.7%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimized leg-segmentation strategy for highperformance solid-state energy harvesting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over 19.8% efficiency layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics by incorporating a high-mobility crystallinity material into the acceptor layer","authors":"Hongyue Tian,&nbsp;Naichao Zheng,&nbsp;Minqi Luo,&nbsp;Zuliang Zhuo,&nbsp;Hang Zhou,&nbsp;Tengfei Han,&nbsp;Byung Hui Lee,&nbsp;Han Young Woo,&nbsp;Qianqian Sun,&nbsp;Cong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoling Ma,&nbsp;Fujun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1080-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1080-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics (LOPVs) were constructed using D18 as the donor and L8-BO, featuring exciton self-dissociation characteristics, as acceptor. A trace amount of high crystallinity, high-hole-mobility polymer P66 was intentionally introduced into the L8-BO layer to enhance the hole transport. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the LOPVs improved from 18.97% to 19.81% upon the addition of 0.005 wt.% P66 to the L8-BO layer, originating from the concurrent increases in short-circuit current density from 26.87 to 27.72 mA/cm² and fill factor from 78.61% to 79.39%. The introduction of P66 into the L8-BO layer forms an efficient hole-transport network, promoting the transport of holes generated by exciton self-dissociation in L8-BO. In addition, introducing P66 optimizes molecular packing, thereby enhancing charge extraction and transport within active layers. The universality of incorporating P66 into acceptor layers is further demonstrated in a series of LOPVs with different acceptors. This work indicates that introducing materials with high hole mobility and crystallinity into the acceptor layer is a promising strategy for boosting the performance of LOPVs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in high-performance porous transport layers for proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers: A review","authors":"Tianrui Xu,&nbsp;Yuan Ren,&nbsp;Ye Wang,&nbsp;Jiabin You,&nbsp;Huiyuan Li,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yan,&nbsp;Junliang Zhang,&nbsp;Shuiyun Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1073-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a leading technology for green hydrogen production, yet its performance and durability at high current densities are increasingly constrained by transport and interfacial losses within the porous transport layer (PTL). Positioned between the flow field and the catalyst layer, the PTL governs coupled two-phase water/oxygen transport, electronic conduction, heat dissipation, and mechanical support under harsh anodic conditions. In particular, the counter-current flow of liquid water and evolved oxygen, bubble nucleation and detachment dynamics, interfacial contact resistance, and corrosion-induced degradation collectively dictate cell efficiency and lifetime. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of high-performance Ti-based PTLs for PEMWE. Key thermal/electrical conduction and mass-transport mechanisms in PTLs, together with their influence on cell performance, are discussed. PTL performance can be improved through rational control of substrate microstructure, protective coatings, and surface modification. Two-phase transport can be enhanced by tuning pore architecture and wettability, while PTL–CL contact and catalyst utilization can be improved by introducing a microporous top layer. In addition, various PTL fabrication and processing strategies are comparatively discussed to highlight their respective advantages, limitations, and roles in enabling highperformance PEMWE operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-cylinder NOx active reduction via ammonia post-injection in ammonia direct-injection engines","authors":"Rui Yang,&nbsp;Zining Yu,&nbsp;Jianan Li,&nbsp;Zongyu Yue,&nbsp;Hu Wang,&nbsp;Leilei Xu,&nbsp;Xue-Song Bai,&nbsp;Mingfa Yao","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1079-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1079-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High NO_<i>x</i> emissions pose a critical challenge for ammonia engines. This study proposes ammonia post-injection as a strategy to achieve in-cylinder NO_<i>x</i> active reduction in ammonia direct-injection engines, offering an innovative approach for NO_<i>x</i> emission control. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results elucidate the characteristics of ammonia combustion and NO_<i>x</i> evolution under ammonia post-injection conditions. The post-injected ammonia can efficiently reduce the in-cylinder NO_<i>x</i> it encounters, leading to a significant decrease in NO_<i>x</i> concentration. Chemical kinetics analysis was conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and reaction pathways of the SNCR effect on NO_<i>x</i>. The reduction of NO_<i>x</i> primarily proceeds through the reactions between NO/NO₂ and NH/NH₂. NO is reduced via three pathways, yielding NNH (by NH₂), N₂O (by NH), and N₂ (by NH and NH₂), respectively. In contrast, NO₂ is reduced via a single pathway that yields N₂O under the action of NH and NH₂. NH₂ plays the overwhelmingly dominant role in reducing both NO and NO₂. The effectiveness and feasibility of ammonia postinjection in reducing NO_<i>x</i> emissions were evaluated through engine experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the ammonia post-injection strategy enables significant NO_<i>x</i> reduction for ammonia direct-injection engines. In the current work, a 14.4% NO_<i>x</i> reduction was achieved without compromising combustion efficiency by appropriately delaying the ammonia post-injection timing, confirming the great potential of ammonia post-injection in NO_<i>x</i> emission control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived materials for next-generation solid-state batteries: From sustainable resources to advanced electrodes and electrolytes","authors":"Guowei Chen,&nbsp;Wenxu Zhuang,&nbsp;Tizazu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1078-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1078-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomass-derived materials are emerging as powerful enablers for sustainable solid-state batteries (SSBs), offering structurally tunable, chemically versatile, and environmentally benign alternatives to conventional battery components. This review critically examines recent advances in the use of bio-derived carbons, polymers, and composites across key SSBs elements, including electrodes, solid electrolytes, binders, and separators. Biomass-derived carbons produced via pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and molten-salt methods provide hierarchical porosity and controllable graphitization, enabling efficient ion transport, catalytic activity, and mechanical buffering in electrode architectures. Biopolymers such as cellulose, lignin, and chitosan serve as functional matrices for solid polymer and gel electrolytes, enhancing ionic conductivity, interfacial stability, and mechanical integrity, while their intrinsic microstructures can also template low-tortuosity inorganic ceramic electrolytes. In addition, bio-based binders, separators, and electrolyte additives help address critical challenges, including dendrite growth, polysulfide shuttling, and interfacial degradation. Remaining barriers, such as feedstock variability, impurity control, multifunctional performance trade-offs, and scalable processing, are discussed alongside emerging opportunities enabled by artificial intelligence-assisted materials design. By synthesizing fundamental design principles and recent progress, this review highlights how biomass-derived materials can accelerate the development of high-performance, safe, and truly sustainable next-generation SSBs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}