Frontiers in Energy最新文献_第2页

Scalable synthesis of an IrOx/Ir-Co3O4 heterostructure for efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution IrOx/Ir-Co3O4异质结构高效稳定酸性析氧的可扩展合成

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1086-9

Qi Wang, Keyan Liu, Wenhao Dong, Xin Chen, Wenmao Wang, Jinpeng Fan, Zixuan Zhang, Shaohua Shen, Jinjia Wei, Jingshan Luo, Jie Chen

{"title":"Scalable synthesis of an IrOx/Ir-Co3O4 heterostructure for efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution","authors":"Qi Wang, Keyan Liu, Wenhao Dong, Xin Chen, Wenmao Wang, Jinpeng Fan, Zixuan Zhang, Shaohua Shen, Jinjia Wei, Jingshan Luo, Jie Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1086-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1086-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The deployment of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) necessitates efficient, stable, and low-Ir electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Herein, an IrOx/Ir-Co3O4 heterostructure electrocatalyst is developed featuring bulk-doped Ir-Co3O4 with surface-anchored IrOx, synthesized via a facile two-step electrochemical co-deposition process followed by programmed annealing. The IrOx/Ir-Co3O4 catalyst requires an overpotential of only 237 mV to reach 10 mA/cm2 and achieves a high mass activity of 230 A/gIr at 1.5 V versus RHE. In a 1 cm2 membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer (Pt/C∥IrOx/Ir-Co3O4), a cell voltage of only 1.773 V delivers 1 A/cm2, with stable operation exceeding 160 h at 200 mA/cm2. Moreover, a 100 cm2 IrOx/Ir-Co3O4 anode was fabricated, exhibiting performance comparable to that of its 1 cm2 counterpart. Structural and computational analyses reveal that the synergy between bulk-doped Ir-Co3O4 and surface anchored IrOx optimizes the electronic structure, thereby enhancing both catalytic activity and durability. This work provides a viable and scalable pathway for developing low-Ir electrocatalysts for practical PEMWE applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving 12.7% energy conversion efficiency in segmented GeTe/BST-SKD thermoelectric modules via broad-temperature and structural optimizations 通过宽温度和结构优化，实现分段GeTe/BST-SKD热电模块12.7%的能量转换效率

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1081-1

Ge Fu, Shangchao Lin, Yang Liu, Yiling Duan, Yixuan Liu, Qilin Zhang

{"title":"Achieving 12.7% energy conversion efficiency in segmented GeTe/BST-SKD thermoelectric modules via broad-temperature and structural optimizations","authors":"Ge Fu, Shangchao Lin, Yang Liu, Yiling Duan, Yixuan Liu, Qilin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1081-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1081-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Solid-state thermoelectric (TE) power generation through the direct conversion of a temperature difference into electricity has received worldwide attention. In this work, a segmented GeTe/BST-SKD TE module is optimized and fabricated to achieve outstanding power density and energy conversion efficiency. To enable high module-level TE performance, p-type GeTe with a ZTmax of 2.47 is used, while p-type BST (Bi2−xSbxTe3, with high ZT in the low temperature range) and n-type SKD (skutterudite, Yb0.3Co4Sb12) are optimized to reach ZTmax values of 1.38 and 1.33, respectively. Furthermore, module structure optimization is conducted using multiphysics-field simulations for three shape factors, including the segmentation ratio, height-to-area ratio, and cross-sectional area ratio between p- and n-type legs. When the three factors are 0.35, 0.67 mm−1, and 1.85, respectively, both the maximum power density and energy conversion efficiency reach their optimal values. Finally, Ni foil is applied at the GeTe/BST interface to serve as both a metallization layer and a diffusion barrier, minimizing internal contact resistances and enhancing high-temperature stability. The maximum power density and energy conversion efficiency of the segmented module are increased by 35% and 21 %, respectively, compared with those of the unsegmented one. The segmented module achieves a substantial power output of ∼0.43 W at ΔT = 500 K, corresponding to a power density of 0.35 W/cm2 per module area and 143 W kg−1 per module weight, with an effective material-level power density of 1.51 W/cm2. The segmented module achieves an outstanding energy conversion efficiency of 12.7%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimized leg-segmentation strategy for highperformance solid-state energy harvesting.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Over 19.8% efficiency layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics by incorporating a high-mobility crystallinity material into the acceptor layer 通过在受体层中加入高迁移率的结晶度材料，实现了超过19.8%的逐层有机光伏效率

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1080-2

Hongyue Tian, Naichao Zheng, Minqi Luo, Zuliang Zhuo, Hang Zhou, Tengfei Han, Byung Hui Lee, Han Young Woo, Qianqian Sun, Cong Zhang, Xiaoling Ma, Fujun Zhang

{"title":"Over 19.8% efficiency layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics by incorporating a high-mobility crystallinity material into the acceptor layer","authors":"Hongyue Tian, Naichao Zheng, Minqi Luo, Zuliang Zhuo, Hang Zhou, Tengfei Han, Byung Hui Lee, Han Young Woo, Qianqian Sun, Cong Zhang, Xiaoling Ma, Fujun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1080-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1080-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A series of layer-by-layer organic photovoltaics (LOPVs) were constructed using D18 as the donor and L8-BO, featuring exciton self-dissociation characteristics, as acceptor. A trace amount of high crystallinity, high-hole-mobility polymer P66 was intentionally introduced into the L8-BO layer to enhance the hole transport. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the LOPVs improved from 18.97% to 19.81% upon the addition of 0.005 wt.% P66 to the L8-BO layer, originating from the concurrent increases in short-circuit current density from 26.87 to 27.72 mA/cm2 and fill factor from 78.61% to 79.39%. The introduction of P66 into the L8-BO layer forms an efficient hole-transport network, promoting the transport of holes generated by exciton self-dissociation in L8-BO. In addition, introducing P66 optimizes molecular packing, thereby enhancing charge extraction and transport within active layers. The universality of incorporating P66 into acceptor layers is further demonstrated in a series of LOPVs with different acceptors. This work indicates that introducing materials with high hole mobility and crystallinity into the acceptor layer is a promising strategy for boosting the performance of LOPVs.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in high-performance porous transport layers for proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers: A review 质子交换膜水电解槽用高性能多孔传输层研究进展

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1073-1

Tianrui Xu, Yuan Ren, Ye Wang, Jiabin You, Huiyuan Li, Xiaohui Yan, Junliang Zhang, Shuiyun Shen

{"title":"Advances in high-performance porous transport layers for proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers: A review","authors":"Tianrui Xu, Yuan Ren, Ye Wang, Jiabin You, Huiyuan Li, Xiaohui Yan, Junliang Zhang, Shuiyun Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1073-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a leading technology for green hydrogen production, yet its performance and durability at high current densities are increasingly constrained by transport and interfacial losses within the porous transport layer (PTL). Positioned between the flow field and the catalyst layer, the PTL governs coupled two-phase water/oxygen transport, electronic conduction, heat dissipation, and mechanical support under harsh anodic conditions. In particular, the counter-current flow of liquid water and evolved oxygen, bubble nucleation and detachment dynamics, interfacial contact resistance, and corrosion-induced degradation collectively dictate cell efficiency and lifetime. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of high-performance Ti-based PTLs for PEMWE. Key thermal/electrical conduction and mass-transport mechanisms in PTLs, together with their influence on cell performance, are discussed. PTL performance can be improved through rational control of substrate microstructure, protective coatings, and surface modification. Two-phase transport can be enhanced by tuning pore architecture and wettability, while PTL–CL contact and catalyst utilization can be improved by introducing a microporous top layer. In addition, various PTL fabrication and processing strategies are comparatively discussed to highlight their respective advantages, limitations, and roles in enabling highperformance PEMWE operation.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-cylinder NOx active reduction via ammonia post-injection in ammonia direct-injection engines 在氨直喷发动机中通过氨后喷射来主动减少缸内NOx

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1079-8

Rui Yang, Zining Yu, Jianan Li, Zongyu Yue, Hu Wang, Leilei Xu, Xue-Song Bai, Mingfa Yao

{"title":"In-cylinder NOx active reduction via ammonia post-injection in ammonia direct-injection engines","authors":"Rui Yang, Zining Yu, Jianan Li, Zongyu Yue, Hu Wang, Leilei Xu, Xue-Song Bai, Mingfa Yao","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1079-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1079-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>High NOx emissions pose a critical challenge for ammonia engines. This study proposes ammonia post-injection as a strategy to achieve in-cylinder NOx active reduction in ammonia direct-injection engines, offering an innovative approach for NOx emission control. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results elucidate the characteristics of ammonia combustion and NOx evolution under ammonia post-injection conditions. The post-injected ammonia can efficiently reduce the in-cylinder NOx it encounters, leading to a significant decrease in NOx concentration. Chemical kinetics analysis was conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and reaction pathways of the SNCR effect on NOx. The reduction of NOx primarily proceeds through the reactions between NO/NO2 and NH/NH2. NO is reduced via three pathways, yielding NNH (by NH2), N2O (by NH), and N2 (by NH and NH2), respectively. In contrast, NO2 is reduced via a single pathway that yields N2O under the action of NH and NH2. NH2 plays the overwhelmingly dominant role in reducing both NO and NO2. The effectiveness and feasibility of ammonia postinjection in reducing NOx emissions were evaluated through engine experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the ammonia post-injection strategy enables significant NOx reduction for ammonia direct-injection engines. In the current work, a 14.4% NOx reduction was achieved without compromising combustion efficiency by appropriately delaying the ammonia post-injection timing, confirming the great potential of ammonia post-injection in NOx emission control.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomass-derived materials for next-generation solid-state batteries: From sustainable resources to advanced electrodes and electrolytes 下一代固态电池的生物质衍生材料：从可持续资源到先进的电极和电解质

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1078-9

Guowei Chen, Wenxu Zhuang, Tizazu Mekonnen

{"title":"Biomass-derived materials for next-generation solid-state batteries: From sustainable resources to advanced electrodes and electrolytes","authors":"Guowei Chen, Wenxu Zhuang, Tizazu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1078-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1078-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Biomass-derived materials are emerging as powerful enablers for sustainable solid-state batteries (SSBs), offering structurally tunable, chemically versatile, and environmentally benign alternatives to conventional battery components. This review critically examines recent advances in the use of bio-derived carbons, polymers, and composites across key SSBs elements, including electrodes, solid electrolytes, binders, and separators. Biomass-derived carbons produced via pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and molten-salt methods provide hierarchical porosity and controllable graphitization, enabling efficient ion transport, catalytic activity, and mechanical buffering in electrode architectures. Biopolymers such as cellulose, lignin, and chitosan serve as functional matrices for solid polymer and gel electrolytes, enhancing ionic conductivity, interfacial stability, and mechanical integrity, while their intrinsic microstructures can also template low-tortuosity inorganic ceramic electrolytes. In addition, bio-based binders, separators, and electrolyte additives help address critical challenges, including dendrite growth, polysulfide shuttling, and interfacial degradation. Remaining barriers, such as feedstock variability, impurity control, multifunctional performance trade-offs, and scalable processing, are discussed alongside emerging opportunities enabled by artificial intelligence-assisted materials design. By synthesizing fundamental design principles and recent progress, this review highlights how biomass-derived materials can accelerate the development of high-performance, safe, and truly sustainable next-generation SSBs.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual modulation of Fe–N–C catalysts via axial and in-plane heteroatoms for oxygen reduction: A combined DFT and machine learning study 通过轴向和平面内杂原子对Fe-N-C催化剂氧还原的双重调制：DFT和机器学习的结合研究

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1074-0

Zongxuan Yang, Qingchen Wu, Hongwei Zhang, Cejun Hu, Junjie Ge, Xiaojun Bao, Pei Yuan

{"title":"Dual modulation of Fe–N–C catalysts via axial and in-plane heteroatoms for oxygen reduction: A combined DFT and machine learning study","authors":"Zongxuan Yang, Qingchen Wu, Hongwei Zhang, Cejun Hu, Junjie Ge, Xiaojun Bao, Pei Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1074-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1074-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The Fe–N–C single-atom catalyst represents a promising candidate for promoting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is crucial for fuel cell applications; yet, identifying optimal modification strategies to enhance its activity and stability remains challenging. Herein, the modulation of Fe–N–C catalysts via in-plane heteroatom doping and axial coordination is systematically investigated using integrated density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) approaches. The analysis reveals that axial ligands have a more profound influence on ORR performance than in-plane dopants, primarily by modulating the Fe dz2 orbital and weakening *OH adsorption. Through interpretable descriptors extracted from ML models, the key electronic and geometric properties governing catalyst behavior are identified, and several novel dual-modified candidates with enhanced activity relative to pristine Fe–N–C are subsequently predicted and validated by DFT calculations. This work provides a unified mechanistic and data-driven framework for accelerating the design of high-performance Fe–N–C ORR electrocatalysts.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atomic layer deposition for advanced zinc-ion batteries 先进锌离子电池的原子层沉积

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1072-2

Kaixin Huang, Shun Zhang, Zewen Liu, Tianzhu Zhang, Zongtao Lu, Bingsen Qin, Hongyao Wang, Zhenghao Li, Song Duan, Yun Zheng, Yinze Zuo, Wei Yan, Jiujun Zhang

{"title":"Atomic layer deposition for advanced zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Kaixin Huang, Shun Zhang, Zewen Liu, Tianzhu Zhang, Zongtao Lu, Bingsen Qin, Hongyao Wang, Zhenghao Li, Song Duan, Yun Zheng, Yinze Zuo, Wei Yan, Jiujun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1072-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1072-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) represent a promising class of post-lithium energy storage systems. However, their practical deployment is impeded by critical interfacial instabilities, such as uncontrolled growth of zinc dendrites, adverse parasitic interfacial reactions, and cathode material dissolution. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), renowned for its atomic-scale precision and exceptional conformality, offers a pivotal strategy to mitigate these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ALD applications in ZIBs, with a central focus on a critical paradigm shift: from the use of simple passive physical barriers toward multifunctional coatings capable of actively regulating interfacial chemistry and ion transport. It elucidates the mechanisms through which ALD-derived coatings (e.g., Al2O3, ZnO, Fe2O3) regulate Zn2+ flux, suppress hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), and induce preferential zinc deposition along specific crystallographic orientations (e.g., the Zn (002) plane) to inhibit dendrite formation. Furthermore, it covers ALD strategies for enhancing cathode structural stability against dissolution and collapse, as well as for functionalizing separators to achieve selective ion transport. Finally, it presents critical perspectives on overcoming the cost-scalability trade-off and deepening the mechanistic understanding of structure-property relationships, aiming to guide the rational design of durable and high-performance ZIBs. This paradigm shift represents a fundamental transition in interface design philosophy for high-performance ZIBs.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physics-informed neural network-based digital twins for thermal energy systems: A review of solvability and loss function design 热能系统基于物理信息神经网络的数字孪生：可解性和损失函数设计的回顾

IF 8.1 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1049-1

Sadegh Ataee, Mehran Ameri

{"title":"Physics-informed neural network-based digital twins for thermal energy systems: A review of solvability and loss function design","authors":"Sadegh Ataee, Mehran Ameri","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1049-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1049-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Thermal energy systems (TES) are an essential part of industries that have evolved over time through the engagement of managers and researchers. The development of digital twin (DT) technology has enabled accurate prediction of their performance. The inherent limitations of complex thermal systems, such as noisy input data and occasional lack of measurement data or boundary conditions, have recently created opportunities to apply physics-based problem-solving alongside DT technology. This paper aims to systematically review the novel physics-informed neural network-digital twin (PINN-DT) methodology as a potential solution to these challenges, and to present a taxonomy for problem-solving. The outcome of this study provides valuable guidance in selecting PINN-DT technology in thermal energy system (TES) modeling. A review of the proposed loss functions demonstrates that their design is critical for achieving precise outcomes in this technology, effectively serving as the foundational core of PINN-DT. As a result, it is recommended that the construction of the loss function be fundamentally guided by two principal considerations: forecasting accuracy and compliance with physical principles, which serve as foundational pillars in the surrogate model design framework. A significant gap exists in applying this technology to industries that use discrete sampling for quality control. Implementing the PINN-DT framework could address this issue by determining optimal sampling intervals, thereby offering vital decision-making support. Moreover, the absence of exergy analysis in formulating the physical loss component of the loss function represents a significant research gap. Future studies should therefore incorporate the exergy concept into the design of the loss function.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced performance and flexibility of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells via uniform submicron pyramids 通过均匀亚微米金字塔提高钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的性能和灵活性

IF 6.2 4区工程技术

Frontiers in Energy Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11708-026-1070-4

Qi Liu, Junjun Li, Fei Wang, Shuangbiao Xia, Yuhui Ji, Yutao Wang, Yunren Luo, Jian Yu, Fanying Meng, Liping Zhang, Zhengxin Liu, Wenzhu Liu

{"title":"Enhanced performance and flexibility of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells via uniform submicron pyramids","authors":"Qi Liu, Junjun Li, Fei Wang, Shuangbiao Xia, Yuhui Ji, Yutao Wang, Yunren Luo, Jian Yu, Fanying Meng, Liping Zhang, Zhengxin Liu, Wenzhu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11708-026-1070-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11708-026-1070-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The interfacial stress between silicon bottom cell and perovskite top cell remains a critical challenge for flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, leading to interfacial delamination and device degradation. In this work, the effect of the thickness and pyramid size on mechanical properties of silicon wafers are investigated, demonstrating that thinner wafers and smaller pyramids significantly enhance the flexural strength of thin silicon wafers by mitigating stress concentration effects. Based on these findings, a synergistic optimization strategy is proposed that employs precise wet-etching control to fabricate small-sized, high-density, uniform pyramids on 55 µm silicon wafers for efficient and flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. By optimizing the texturing duration, this approach simultaneously enhances the minority carrier lifetime (τ) and achieves an excellent implied open-circuit voltage (iVoc). Furthermore, the uniform submicron-scale pyramid structure promotes high-quality perovskite film formation and improves interfacial contact properties. As a proof of concept, monolithic flexible perovskite/silicon tandem devices fabricated on such uniformly textured pyramids delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.04%. These devices promise for low-cost, lightweight and flexible photovoltaic applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":570,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148009597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0