Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"False Alarm Effects in Early Warnings for Emergency Vehicles: Exploring Drivers' Move-Over Behavior.","authors":"Kajsa Weibull, Björn Lidestam, Erik Prytz","doi":"10.1177/00187208231216835","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231216835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated drivers' move-over behavior when receiving an Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. Furthermore, the possible effects of false alarms, driver experience, and modality on move-over behavior were explored.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>EVA warnings are one solution to encourage drivers to move over for emergency vehicles in a safe and timely manner. EVA warnings are distributed based on the predicted path of the emergency vehicle causing a risk of false alarms. Previous EVA studies have suggested a difference between inexperienced and experienced drivers' move-over behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A driving simulator study was conducted with 110 participants, whereof 54 inexperienced and 56 experienced drivers. They were approached by an emergency vehicle three times. A control group received no EVA warnings, whereas the experimental groups received either true or false warnings, auditory or visual, 15 seconds before the emergency vehicle overtook them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drivers who received EVA warnings moved over more quickly for the emergency vehicle compared to the control group. Drivers moved over more quickly for each emergency vehicle interaction. False alarms impaired move-over behavior. No difference in driver behavior based on driver experience or modality was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EVA warnings positively affect drivers' move-over behavior. However, false alarms can decrease drivers' future willingness to comply with the warning.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The findings regarding measurements of delay can be used to optimize the design of future EVA systems. Moreover, this research should be used to further understand the effect of false alarms in in-car warnings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2518-2527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Passive Back-Support Exosuit on Postural Control and Cognitive Performance During a Fatigue-Inducing Posture Maintenance Task.","authors":"Jiwon Kim, Sang Hyeon Kang, Jinfeng Li, Gary A Mirka, Michael C Dorneich","doi":"10.1177/00187208231221890","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231221890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of passive back-support exosuit on postural control and cognitive performance during a fatigue-inducing posture maintenance task.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Wearable support systems (exoskeletons/exosuits) reduce physical demands but may also influence postural control and cognitive performance by reducing muscular fatigue.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighteen participants visited on two different days to test an exosuit system and performed dual-task cognitive assessments based on human information processing (information acquisition, information integration, and action implementation) while maintaining a 35° trunk flexion posture for 16 minutes. Center-of-pressure (CoP), cognitive performance, and perceived workload were recorded, while erector spinae muscle activity was captured to quantify muscle fatigue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exosuit was effective in reducing erector spinae muscle fatigue during the static posture maintenance task (61% less in Δmedian frequency: -9.5 Hz (EXO-Off) versus -3.7 Hz (EXO-On)). The fatigue-inducing task increased CoP velocity as a function of time (29% greater: 9.3 mm/sec (pre) versus 12.0 mm/sec (post)), and exosuit use decreased CoP velocity (23% less: 12.1 mm/sec (EXO-Off) versus 9.4 mm/sec (EXO-On)). The exosuit was also effective at mitigating cognitive degradation, as evidenced by a higher hit-to-signal ratio (8% greater: 81.3 (EXO-Off) versus 87.9 (EXO-On)) in the information integration task and reducing perceived workload in all stages of human information processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosuit provided benefits of postural control and information integration processing during a 16-min static posture maintenance task.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Torso exoskeletons/suits can have positive implications for occupations with concurrent physical and cognitive demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2451-2467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Strategies in Human-Autonomy Teams During Technological Failures.","authors":"Julie L Harrison, Shiwen Zhou, Matthew J Scalia, David A P Grimm, Mustafa Demir, Nathan J McNeese, Nancy J Cooke, Jamie C Gorman","doi":"10.1177/00187208231222119","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231222119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines low-, medium-, and high-performing Human-Autonomy Teams' (HATs') communication strategies during various technological failures that impact routine communication strategies to adapt to the task environment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Teams must adapt their communication strategies during dynamic tasks, where more successful teams make more substantial adaptations. Adaptations in communication strategies may explain how successful HATs overcome technological failures. Further, technological failures of variable severity may alter communication strategies of HATs at different performance levels in their attempts to overcome each failure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>HATs in a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System-Synthetic Task Environment (RPAS-STE), involving three team members, were tasked with photographing targets. Each triad had two randomly assigned participants in navigator and photographer roles, teaming with an experimenter who simulated an AI pilot in a Wizard of Oz paradigm. Teams encountered two different technological failures, automation and autonomy, where autonomy failures were more challenging to overcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-performing HATs calibrated their communication strategy to the complexity of the different failures better than medium- and low-performing teams. Further, HATs adjusted their communication strategies over time. Finally, only the most severe failures required teams to increase the efficiency of their communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HAT effectiveness under degraded conditions depends on the type of communication strategies enacted by the team. Previous findings from studies of all-human teams apply here; however, novel results suggest information requests are particularly important to HAT success during failures.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Understanding the communication strategies of HATs under degraded conditions can inform training protocols to help HATs overcome failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2539-2555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wrist Extensor Muscle Fatigue During a Dual Task With Two Muscular and Cognitive Load Levels in Younger and Older Adults.","authors":"Florestan Wagenblast, Thomas Läubli, Robert Seibt, Monika A Rieger, Benjamin Steinhilber","doi":"10.1177/00187208231218196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231218196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effect of concurrent physical and cognitive demands as well as age on indicators of muscle fatigue at the wrist.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>There are few studies examining risk indicators for musculoskeletal disorders associated with work-related physical and cognitive demands that often occur simultaneously in the workplace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four gender-balanced older and 24 gender-balanced younger (mean age 60 and 23 years) participants performed four 30 min dual tasks. Tasks differed by the muscular load level during force tracking: 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) and concurrent cognitive demands on the working memory: easy and difficult. Muscle fatigue was assessed by MVC decline and changes in surface electromyography (increased root mean square: RMS, decreased median frequency: MF) at the extensor digitorum (ED) and extensor carpi ulnaris (EU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decline in MVC was found in all participants when tracking was performed at 10% MVC (mean ± SD: 137.9 ± 49.2 - 123.0 ± 45.3 N). Irrespective of age, muscular, or cognitive load, RMS increased (ED 12.3 ± 6.5 - 14.1 ± 7.0% MVE, EU 15.4 ± 7.6 - 16.9 ± 8.6% MVE) and MF decreased (ED 85.4 ± 13.6 - 83.2 ± 12.8 Hz, EU 107.2 ± 17.1 - 104.3 ± 16.7 Hz) in both muscles. However, changes in MF of EU tended to be more pronounced in the older group at higher cognitive and lower muscular load, without reaching statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maximum voluntary contraction indicated no interaction between muscle fatigue, cognitive load, or age. However, the tendencies toward altered muscle activity due to an increase in cognitive load and older age suggest muscular adaptations while maintaining tracking performance during the onset of fatigue signs in the sEMG signal.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>If the tendencies in muscle activity are confirmed by further studies, ergonomic assessments in industrial workplaces should consider cognitive load and age when describing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2433-2450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Inference Models of AV Takeovers: Relating Model Parameters to Trust, Situation Awareness, and Fatigue.","authors":"Ran Wei, Anthony D McDonald, Ranjana K Mehta, Alfredo Garcia","doi":"10.1177/00187208241295932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241295932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objectives were to assess the efficacy of active inference models for capturing driver takeovers from automated vehicles and to evaluate the links between model parameters and self-reported cognitive fatigue, trust, and situation awareness.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Control transitions between human drivers and automation pose a substantial safety and performance risk. Models of driver behavior that predict these transitions from data are a critical tool for designing safer, human-centered, systems but current models do not sufficiently account for human factors. Active inference theory is a promising approach to integrate human factors because of its grounding in cognition and translation to a quantitative modeling framework.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used data from a driving simulation to develop an active inference model of takeover performance. After validating the model's predictions, we used Bayesian regression with a spike and slab prior to assess substantial correlations between model parameters and self-reported trust, situation awareness, fatigue, and demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model accurately captured driving takeover times. The regression results showed that increases in cognitive fatigue were associated with increased uncertainty about the need to takeover, attributable to mapping observations to environmental states. Higher situation awareness was correlated with a more precise understanding of the environment and state transitions. Higher trust was associated with increased variance in environmental conditions associated with environmental states.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results align with prior theory on trust and active inference and provide a critical connection between complex driver states and interpretable model parameters.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The active inference framework can be used in the testing and validation of automated vehicle technology to calibrate design parameters to ensure safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208241295932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Human Factors and Systems Engineering Approach to Explore Care Transitions of Sepsis Survivors From Hospital to Home Health Care.","authors":"Sungho Oh, Elaine Sang, Michael A Stawnychy, Patrik Garren, Sang Bin You, Melissa O'Connor, Karen B Hirschman, Nancy Hodgson, Teresa Cranston, Juliane Jablonski, Karen O'Brien, Michael Newcomb, Melissa Spahr, Kathryn H Bowles","doi":"10.1177/00187208231222399","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231222399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study aim: </strong>This study aims to describe the transition-in-care work process for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to home health care (HHC) and identify facilitators and barriers to enable practice change and safe care transitions using a human factors and systems engineering approach.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite high readmission risk for sepsis survivors, the transition-in-care work process from hospitals to HHC has not been described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed semi-structured needs assessment interviews with 24 stakeholders involved in transitioning sepsis survivors from two hospitals and one affiliated HHC agency participating in the parent implementation science study, I-TRANSFER. The qualitative data analysis was guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to describe the work process and identify work system elements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 31 tasks characterized as decision making, patient education, communication, information, documentation, and scheduling tasks. Technological and organizational facilitators lacked in HHC compared to the hospitals. Person and organization elements in HHC had the most barriers but few facilitators. Additionally, we identified specific task barriers that could hinder sepsis information transfer from hospitals to HHC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study explored the complex transition-in-care work processes for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to HHC. We identified barriers, facilitators, and critical areas for improvement to enable implementation and ensure safe care transitions. A key finding was the sepsis information transfer deficit, highlighting a critical issue for future study.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>We recommend using the SEIPS framework to explore complex healthcare work processes before the implementation of evidence-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2468-2484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaningful Communication but not Superficial Anthropomorphism Facilitates Human-Automation Trust Calibration: The Human-Automation Trust Expectation Model (HATEM).","authors":"Owen B J Carter, Shayne Loft, Troy A W Visser","doi":"10.1177/00187208231218156","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231218156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to demonstrate anthropomorphism needs to communicate contextually useful information to increase user confidence and accurately calibrate human trust in automation.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthropomorphism is believed to improve human-automation trust but supporting evidence remains equivocal. We test the Human-Automation Trust Expectation Model (HATEM) that predicts improvements to trust calibration and confidence in accepted advice arising from anthropomorphism will be weak unless it aids naturalistic communication of contextually useful information to facilitate prediction of automation failures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ninety-eight undergraduates used a submarine periscope simulator to classify ships, aided by the Ship Automated Modelling (SAM) system that was 50% reliable. A between-subjects 2 × 3 design compared SAM <i>appearance</i> (anthropomorphic avatar vs. camera eye) and voice <i>inflection</i> (monotone vs. meaningless vs. meaningful), with the <i>meaningful</i> inflections communicating contextually useful information about automated advice regarding certainty and uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Avatar</i> SAM appearance was rated as more anthropomorphic than camera <i>eye</i>, and <i>meaningless</i> and <i>meaningful</i> inflections were both rated more anthropomorphic than <i>monotone</i>. However, for subjective trust, trust calibration, and confidence in accepting SAM advice, there was no evidence of anthropomorphic appearance having any impact, while there was decisive evidence that <i>meaningful</i> inflections yielded better outcomes on these trust measures than <i>monotone</i> and <i>meaningless</i> inflections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anthropomorphism had negligible impact on human-automation trust unless its execution enhanced communication of relevant information that allowed participants to better calibrate expectations of automation performance.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Designers using anthropomorphism to calibrate trust need to consider what contextually useful information will be communicated via anthropomorphic features.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2485-2502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Take-Over Performance Varies in Drivers of Automated and Connected Vehicle Technology in Near-Miss Scenarios.","authors":"Yusuke Yamani, Jeffrey Glassman, Abdalziz Alruwaili, Sarah E Yahoodik, Emily Davis, Samantha Lugo, Kun Xie, Sherif Ishak","doi":"10.1177/00187208231219184","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231219184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the impact of monitoring instructions when using an automated driving system (ADS) and road obstructions on post take-over performance in near-miss scenarios.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Past research indicates partial ADS reduces the driver's situation awareness and degrades post take-over performance. Connected vehicle technology may alert drivers to impending hazards in time to safely avoid near-miss events.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-eight licensed drivers using ADS were randomly assigned to either the active driving or passive driving condition. Participants navigated eight scenarios with or without a visual obstruction in a distributed driving simulator. The experimenter drove the other simulated vehicle to manually cause near-miss events. Participants' mean longitudinal velocity, standard deviation of longitudinal velocity, and mean longitudinal acceleration were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in passive ADS group showed greater, and more variable, deceleration rates than those in the active ADS group. Despite a reliable audiovisual warning, participants failed to slow down in the red-light running scenario when the conflict vehicle was occluded. Participant's trust in the automated driving system did not vary between the beginning and end of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drivers interacting with ADS in a passive manner may continue to show increased and more variable deceleration rates in near-miss scenarios even with reliable connected vehicle technology. Future research may focus on interactive effects of automated and connected driving technologies on drivers' ability to anticipate and safely navigate near-miss scenarios.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Designers of automated and connected vehicle technologies may consider different timing and types of cues to inform the drivers of imminent hazard in high-risk scenarios for near-miss events.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2503-2517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Predictors of Operator Performance: The Role of Mental Effort and Its Link to Task Performance.","authors":"Sebastian Pütz, Alexander Mertens, Lewis L Chuang, Verena Nitsch","doi":"10.1177/00187208241296830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241296830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study investigated how pupil size and heart rate variability (HRV) can contribute to the prediction of operator performance. We illustrate how focusing on mental effort as the conceptual link between physiological measures and task performance can align relevant empirical findings across research domains.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Physiological measures are often treated as indicators of operators' mental state. Thereby, they could enable a continuous and unobtrusive assessment of operators' current ability to perform the task.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty participants performed a process monitoring task consisting of ten 9-minute task blocks. Blocks alternated between low and high task demands, and the last two blocks introduced a task reward manipulation. We measured response times as primary performance indicator, pupil size and HRV as physiological measures, and mental fatigue, task engagement, and perceived effort as subjective ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both increased pupil size and increased HRV significantly predicted better task performance. However, the underlying associations between physiological measures and performance were influenced by task demands and time on task. Pupil size, but not HRV, results were consistent with subjective ratings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The empirical findings suggest that, by capturing variance in operators' mental effort, physiological measures, specifically pupil size, can contribute to the prediction of task performance. Their predictive value is limited by confounding effects that alter the amount of effort required to achieve a given level of performance.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The outlined conceptual approach and empirical results can guide study designs and performance prediction models that examine physiological measures as the basis for dynamic operator assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208241296830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Contextual Control Modes in Teamwork.","authors":"Connor Kannally, Abhinay Paladugu, Renske Nijveldt, Luke McSherry, Martijn IJtsma","doi":"10.1177/00187208241292669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241292669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the relationship between human team member contextual control and team performance under time constraints.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Contextual control modes, which describe different strategies for action selection in dynamic environments, characterize how humans maintain performance under variable demands. Control modes have not yet been studied in teamwork settings. Modeling of the cross-level interaction between team members' control modes and emerging team behaviors can improve understanding of effective teamwork in dynamic environments.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A human-subjects study explored the relationship between individual contextual control and team performance. Questionnaires about contextual control were used to elicit individual control modes. Analysis compared team members' control modes and investigated how control modes changed under varying time pressures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participant's control modes differed in their look ahead horizon, the extensiveness of prior action evaluation, and their prior experience. Many team members shifted control modes during trials, resulting in both convergence and divergence of paired control modes. No effects on communication rate were found due to changes in team members' control modes, but partially significant findings may suggest that the control mode divergence affects performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Teams can operate in multiple control mode configurations that change dynamically according to context. Further research with an increased sample size is warranted to analyze how time constraints influence team members' control modes and overall teaming processes and whether divergence of team control mode is favorable under time pressures.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Further study of contextual control in teams may help improve team design to better support teams in coping with time constraints in dynamic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208241292669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}