Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Sources of Microstructure in Mammalian Cochlear Responses.","authors":"James B Dewey","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-00974-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-00974-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quasiperiodic fluctuations with frequency are observed in a variety of responses that either originate from or strongly depend on the cochlea's active mechanics. These spectral microstructures are unique and stable features of individual ears and have been most thoroughly studied in behavioral hearing thresholds and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). While the exact morphology of the microstructure patterns may differ across measurement types, the patterns are interrelated and are thought to depend on common mechanisms. This review summarizes the characteristics and proposed origins of the microstructures observed in behavioral and OAE responses, as well as other mechanical and electrophysiological responses of the mammalian cochlea. Throughout, the work of Glenis Long and colleagues is highlighted. Long contributed greatly to our understanding of microstructure and its perceptual consequences, as well as to the development of techniques for reducing the impact of microstructure on OAE-based assays of cochlear function.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Patient-Specific Variations in Intra-Cochlear Neural Health Estimated Using Psychophysical Thresholds and Panoramic Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials (PECAPs).","authors":"Tommy Peng, Charlotte Garcia, Mica Haneman, Maureen J Shader, Robert P Carlyon, Colette M McKay","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00972-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00972-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Variations in neural survival along the cochlear implant electrode array leads to off-place listening, resulting in poorer speech understanding outcomes for recipients. Therefore, it is important to develop and compare clinically viable tests to identify these patient-specific intra-cochlear neural differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen experienced cochlear implant recipients (9 males and 10 females) were recruited for this study. We estimated the neural health along the electrode array for a group of experienced adult implant recipients using two methods: the difference between psychophysical detection thresholds in bipolar vs. monopolar mode and the panoramic electrically evoked compound action potential method (PECAP). We hypothesised that: neural health estimated using both methods at single electrodes will be correlated at the participant level and the group level; and participants with larger variations in neural health along the electrode array will have poorer speech outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the individual level, the two neural measures correlated significantly across electrodes (p < 0.05) for 5 out of 15 participants. At the group level, we observed a weak but significant across-electrode correlation (R² = 0.111, p < 0.001). While a larger variation in neural measures estimated from psychophysical thresholds was associated with lower phoneme speech scores (R² = 0.499, p < 0.01), no significant association was found between variations in PECAP's neural health estimates and phoneme speech scores (R² = 0.082, p = 0.366).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our evidence suggests that both methods likely quantify a shared underlying neural basis, hypothesised to be the neural health along the cochlear implant array. The differences between the two measures may be attributed to differences in stimulus rate or loudness used to elicit responses and/or the influence of factors arising more centrally than the auditory nerve.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ins and Outs of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Growth: A Review.","authors":"Courtney Coburn Glavin, Sumitrajit Dhar","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00969-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00969-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are low-level signals generated from active processes related to outer hair cell transduction in the cochlea. In current clinical applications, OAEs are typically used to detect the presence or absence of hearing loss. However, their potential extends far beyond hearing screenings. Dr. Glenis Long realized this unfulfilled potential decades ago. She subsequently devoted a large portion of her storied scientific career to understanding OAEs and cochlear mechanics, particularly at the intersection of OAEs and perceptual measures. One specific application of OAEs that has yet to be translated from research laboratories to the clinic is using them to non-invasively characterize cochlear nonlinearity-a hallmark feature of a healthy cochlea-across a wide dynamic range. This can be done by measuring OAEs across input levels to obtain an OAE growth, or input-output (I/O), function. In this review, we describe distortion product OAE (DPOAE) growth and its relation to cochlear nonlinearity and mechanics. We then review biological and measurement factors that are known to influence OAE growth and finish with a discussion of potential applications. Throughout the review, we emphasize Dr. Long's many contributions to the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Do Mismatch Negativity (MMN) Responses Tell Us About Tinnitus?","authors":"Ekaterina A Yukhnovich, Kai Alter, William Sedley","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00970-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00970-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the heterogeneous causes, symptoms and associated comorbidities with tinnitus, there remains an unmet need for a clear biomarker of tinnitus presence. Previous research has suggested a \"final pathway\" of tinnitus presence, which occurs regardless of the specific mechanisms that resulted in alterations of auditory predictions and, eventually, tinnitus perception. Predictive inference mechanisms have been proposed as the possible basis for this final unifying pathway. A commonly used measure of prediction violation is mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrical potential generated in response to most stimuli that violate an established regularity. This narrative review discusses 16 studies comparing MMN between tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups. Methods varied considerably, including type of deviant, type of paradigm and carrier frequency. A minority of studies matched groups for age, sex and hearing, with few measuring hyperacusis. Frequency deviants were the most widely studied; at frequencies remote from tinnitus, MMN was consistently smaller in tinnitus groups, though hyperacusis or altered distress or attention could not be ruled out as explanatory factors. Few studies have used tinnitus-related frequencies; these showed larger MMN to upward frequency deviants above the tinnitus frequency, and larger MMN to upward intensity deviants at or close to the tinnitus frequency. However, the latter appears a correlate of hyperacusis rather than tinnitus, and tinnitus groups without hyperacusis instead show larger MMN to downward intensity deviants than controls. Other factors that affect MMN amplitudes included age, attention, and the specific characteristics of the range of stimuli across a particular experiment paradigm. As such, MMN cannot presently be considered a specific biomarker of tinnitus, but showed potential to objectively characterise a number of auditory processing traits relevant to tinnitus and hyperacusis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binaural Fusion Sharpens on a Scale of Octaves During Pre-adolescence in Children with Normal Hearing, Hearing Aids, and Bimodal Cochlear Implants, but not Bilateral Cochlear Implants.","authors":"Lina A J Reiss, Alicia J Johnson, Morgan S Eddolls, Curtis L Hartling, Jennifer R Fowler, Gemaine N Stark, Bess Glickman, Holden Sanders, Yonghee Oh","doi":"10.1007/s10162-025-00975-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-025-00975-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The breadth of binaural pitch fusion, the integration of sounds differing in frequency across the two ears, can limit the ability to segregate and understand speech in background noise. Binaural pitch fusion is one type of central auditory processing that may still be developing in the pre-adolescent age range. In addition, children with hearing loss potentially have different trajectories of development of central auditory processing compared to their normal-hearing (NH) peers, due to disruption of auditory input and/or abnormal stimulation from hearing devices. The goal of this study was to measure and compare binaural pitch fusion changes during development in children with NH versus hearing loss and different hearing device combinations. Interaural pitch discrimination abilities were also measured to control for pitch discrimination as a potential limiting factor for fusion that may also change during development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Baseline measurements of binaural pitch fusion and interaural pitch discrimination were conducted in a total of 62 (22 female) children with NH (n = 25), bilateral hearing aids (HA; n = 10, bimodal cochlear implants (CI; n = 9), and bilateral CIs (n = 18), with longitudinal follow-up for a subset of participants (18 NH, 9 HA, 8 bimodal CI, and 15 bilateral CI). Age at the start of testing ranged from 6 to 10 years old, with a goal of repeated measurements over 3-6 years. Binaural pitch fusion ranges were measured as the range of acoustic frequencies (electrodes) presented to one ear that was perceptually fused with a single reference frequency (electrode) presented simultaneously to the other ear. Similarly, interaural pitch discrimination was measured as the range of frequencies (electrodes) that could not be consistently ranked in pitch compared to a single reference frequency (electrode) under sequential presentation to opposite ears.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Children with NH and HAs initially had broad binaural pitch fusion ranges compared to adults. With increasing age, the binaural fusion range narrowed by 1-3 octaves for children with NH, bilateral HAs, and bimodal CIs, but not for children with bilateral CIs. Interaural pitch discrimination showed no changes with age, though differences in discrimination ability were seen across groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Binaural fusion sharpens significantly on the scale of octaves in the age range from 6 to 14 years. The lack of change in interaural pitch discrimination with increasing age rules out discrimination changes as an explanation for the binaural fusion range changes. The differences in the trajectory of binaural fusion changes across groups indicate the importance of hearing device combination for the development of binaural processing abilities in children with hearing loss, with implications for addressing challenges with speech perception in noise. Together, the results suggest that pruning o","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"93-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARO's 48th Annual MidWinter Meeting in Orlando 2025: podium and poster titles.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00973-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-024-00973-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eric Daniel Young.","authors":"Paul B Manis","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00964-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00964-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"527-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Correlation Between Stimulus Frequency Otoacoustic Emission Group Delays and Tuning Sharpness in a Cochlear Model.","authors":"Yiwei Xia, George Samaras, Julien Meaud","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00968-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00968-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A theoretical framework based on coherent reflection and filter theory predicts that the phase-gradient delays of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) are correlated with tuning sharpness in the mammalian cochlea. In this paper, we use a computational model of the cochlea to test this theory and to evaluate how SFOAE phase-gradient delays may be used to estimate the sharpness of cochlear tuning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on a physiologically motivated model which has been previously shown to predict key aspects of cochlear micromechanics. Cochlear roughness is introduced to model the reflection mechanism which underlies SFOAE generation. We then examine how varying the values of key model parameters or of the sound pressure level of the stimulus affects the relation between cochlear tuning and SFOAE delays. Finally, we quantify the ability of model simulations of SFOAE phase-gradient delays to provide reliable estimates of the tuning sharpness of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that variations of model parameters that cause significant broadening of basilar membrane (BM) tuning typically give rise to a sizeable reduction in SFOAE phase-gradient delays. However, some changes in model parameters may cause a significant broadening of BM tuning with only a moderate decrease in SFOAE delays. SFOAE delays can be used to estimate the tuning sharpness of the model with reasonable accuracy only in cases where broadening of cochlear tuning is associated with a significant reduction in SFOAE delays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The numerical results provide key insights about the correlations between cochlear tuning and SFOAE delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"575-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Blurring and Focusing Current in Cochlear Implant Users with the Panoramic ECAP Method.","authors":"Charlotte Garcia, Charlotte Morse-Fortier, François Guérit, Scott Hislop, Tobias Goehring, Robert P Carlyon, Julie G Arenberg","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00966-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00966-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>For some cochlear implants (CIs), it is possible to focus electrical stimulation by partially returning current from the active electrode to nearby, intra-cochlear electrodes (partial tripolar (pTP) stimulation). Another method achieves the opposite: \"blurring\" by stimulating multiple electrodes simultaneously. The Panoramic ECAP (PECAP) method provides a platform to investigate their effects in detail by measuring electrically evoked compound action potentials and estimating current spread and neural responsiveness along the length of the CI electrode array. We investigate how sharpening and broadening the electrical current spread are reflected in PECAP estimates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PECAP measurements were recorded at most comfortable level in 12 ears of Advanced Bionics CI users. Focused thresholds were also determined. For the electrodes with the highest and lowest focused thresholds, additional PECAP measurements were recorded while stimulating in pTP mode and in \"blurred\" mode with 3 or 5 adjacent electrodes simultaneously stimulated. Current spread and neural responsiveness were then estimated along the electrode array using PECAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PECAP revealed increased current spread estimates across participants for blurred stimulation of the targeted electrodes towards the apex of the cochlea. Variable results for pTP stimulation were found, with two of eight ears appearing to drive a small group-level effect of increased current spread.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When stimulating multiple electrodes simultaneously, PECAP detected localized increases in current spread towards the apex (but not the base) of the cochlea. pTP stimulation showed mixed effects on PECAP current spread estimates. These findings are in line with behavioral speech perception studies and have implications for cochlear implant optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"591-609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vital Dye Uptake of YO-PRO-1 and DASPEI Depends Upon Mechanoelectrical Transduction Function in Zebrafish Hair Cells.","authors":"Ashley Scott Patterson, Joseph Dugdale, Alaa Koleilat, Anna Krauss, Gabriel A Hernandez-Herrera, Jasmine G Wallace, Cassidy Petree, Gaurav K Varshney, Lisa A Schimmenti","doi":"10.1007/s10162-024-00967-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-024-00967-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vital dyes allow the visualization of cells in vivo without causing tissue damage, making them a useful tool for studying lateral line and inner ear hair cells in living zebrafish and other vertebrates. FM1-43, YO-PRO-1, and DASPEI are three vital dyes commonly used for hair cell visualization. While it has been established that FM1-43 enters hair cells of zebrafish and other organisms through the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel, the mechanism of entry into hair cells for YO-PRO-1 and DASPEI has not been established despite widespread use. We hypothesize that YO-PRO-1 and DASPEI entry into zebrafish hair cells is MET channel uptake dependent similar to FM1-43.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test this hypothesis, we used both genetic and pharmacologic means to block MET channel function. Genetic based MET channel assays were conducted with two different mechanotransduction defective zebrafish lines, specifically the myo7aa^-/- loss of function mutant tc320b (p.Y846X) and cdh23^-/- loss of function mutant (c.570-571del). Pharmacologic assays were performed with Gadolinium(III) Chloride (Gad(III)), a compound that can temporarily block mechanotransduction activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five-day post fertilization (5dpf) myo7aa^-/- and cdh23^-/- larvae incubated with FM1-43, YO-PRO-1, and DASPEI all showed nearly absent uptake of each vital dye. Treatment of wildtype zebrafish larvae with Gad(III) significantly reduces uptake of FM1-43, YO-PRO-1, and DASPEI vital dyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that YO-PRO-1 and DASPEI entry into zebrafish hair cells is MET channel dependent similar to FM1-43. This knowledge expands the repertoire of vital dyes that can be used to assess mechanotransduction and MET channel function in zebrafish and other vertebrate models of hair cell function.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"531-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}