Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Cholinergic Boutons are Distributed Along the Dendrites and Somata of VIP Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus.","authors":"Julia T Kwapiszewski, Luis M Rivera-Perez, Michael T Roberts","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00885-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-022-00885-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholinergic signaling shapes sound processing and plasticity in the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the central auditory system, but how cholinergic terminals contact and influence individual neuron types in the IC remains largely unknown. Using pharmacology and electrophysiology, we recently found that acetylcholine strongly excites VIP neurons, a class of glutamatergic principal neurons in the IC, by activating α₃β₄* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we confirm and extend these results using tissue from mice of both sexes. First, we show that mRNA encoding α₃ and β₄ nAChR subunits is expressed in many neurons throughout the IC, including most VIP neurons, suggesting that these subunits, which are rare in the brain, are important mediators of cholinergic signaling in the IC. Next, by combining fluorescent labeling of VIP neurons and immunofluorescence against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), we show that individual VIP neurons in the central nucleus of the IC (ICc) are contacted by a large number of cholinergic boutons. Cholinergic boutons were distributed adjacent to the somata and along the full length of the dendritic arbors of VIP neurons, positioning cholinergic signaling to affect synaptic computations arising throughout the somatodendritic compartments of VIP neurons. In addition, cholinergic boutons were occasionally observed in close apposition to dendritic spines on VIP neurons, raising the possibility that cholinergic signaling also modulates presynaptic release onto VIP neurons. Together, these results strengthen the evidence that cholinergic signaling exerts widespread influence on auditory computations performed by VIP neurons and other neurons in the IC.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 2","pages":"181-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis in Endolymphatic Sac Luminal Fluid from Patients with Meniere's Disease.","authors":"Li Huang, Qin Wang, Chao Huang, Zhou Zhou, Anquan Peng, Zhiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00887-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00887-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysfunction of the endolymphatic sac (ES) is one of the etiologies of Meniere's disease (MD), the mechanism of which remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular pathological characteristics of ES during the development of MD. Metabolomic profiling of ES luminal fluid from patients with MD and patients with acoustic neuroma (AN) was performed. Diluted ES luminal fluid (ELF) samples were obtained from 10 patients who underwent endolymphatic duct blockage for the treatment of intractable MD and from 6 patients who underwent translabyrinthine surgery for AN. ELF analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry before the raw data were normalized and subjected to subsequent statistical analysis by MetaboAnalyst. Using thresholds of P ≤ 0.05 and variable important in projection > 1, a total of 111 differential metabolites were screened in the ELF, including 52 metabolites in negative mode and 59 in positive mode. Furthermore, 15 differentially altered metabolites corresponding to 15 compound names were identified using a Student's t-test, including 7 significant increased metabolites and 8 significant decreased metabolites. Moreover, two differentially altered metabolites, hyaluronic acid (HA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), were validated to be upregulated in the epithelial lining of the ES, as well as in the subepithelial connective-tissue in patients with MD comparing with that in patients with AN. Among these differentially altered metabolites, an upregulated expression of HA detected in the ES lumen of the patients with MD was supposed to be associated with the increased endolymph in ES, while an increased level of 4-HNE found in the ELF of the patients with MD provided direct evidence to support that oxidative damage and inflammatory lesions underlie the mechanism of MD. Furthermore, citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were detected to be decreased substantially in the ELF of the patients with MD, suggesting the elevated endolymphatic Ca²⁺ in the ears with chronic endolymphatic hydrops is likely to be associated with the reduction of these two chelators of Ca²⁺ in ES. The results in the present study indicate metabolomic analysis in the ELF of the patients with MD can potentially improve our understanding on the molecular pathophysiological mechanism in the ES during the development of MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 2","pages":"239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9464914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant Protein A Can Affect Macrophage Phagocytosis: An Important Pathogenic Mechanism of Otitis Media with Effusion.","authors":"Tao Chen, Guodong Li, Wenwen Liu, Zhaomin Fan, Li Li","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00893-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-023-00893-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as secretory otitis media, is a common condition in otorhinolaryngology. The main manifestations include middle ear effusion and conductive hearing loss. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the etiology of OME, wherein immune dysfunction is one important pathogenic mechanism. However, it is unknown whether changes in surfactant protein A (SPA) secretion affect the phagocytic activity of macrophages in the Eustachian tube, thereby altering pathogen clearance, during the pathogenesis of OME. In our study, an OME animal model was established and evaluated. Differences in SPA levels in Eustachian tube lavage fluid between the experimental and control groups were analyzed. Cell-based experiments revealed that SPA decreased the expression of CD64 and SYK and inhibited phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells. By using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, we confirmed that macrophage phagocytosis decreased with increasing SPA levels. Finally, we concluded that SPA affects macrophage function and plays a role in the occurrence and development of OME.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 2","pages":"171-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9465408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Expression of Plasminogen Activators and Inhibitor in the Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Rats.","authors":"Maria Makuszewska,&nbsp;Magdalena Cieślińska,&nbsp;Maria M Winnicka,&nbsp;Bożena Skotnicka,&nbsp;Kazimierz Niemczyk,&nbsp;Tomasz Bonda","doi":"10.1007/s10162-023-00891-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-023-00891-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The significance of plasminogen activation during the tympanic membrane (TM) healing is known mainly from studies performed on knock-out mice. In the previous study, we reported activation of genes coding proteins of plasminogen activation and inhibition system in rat's TM perforation healing. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of protein products expressed by these genes and their tissue distribution using Western blotting and immunofluorescent method, respectively, during 10-day observation period after injury. Otomicroscopical and histological evaluation were employed to assess the healing process. The expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) were significantly upregulated in the proliferation phase, with subsequent gradual attenuation during remodeling phase of healing process, when keratinocyte migration was weakening. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) also showed the highest levels during the proliferation phase. The increase of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression was observed during the whole observation period, with the highest activity during the remodeling phase. Immunofluorescence of these proteins was present mainly in migrating epithelium. Our study found that plasminogen activation (uPA, uPAR, tPA) and inhibitory (PAI-1) molecules form a well-structured regulatory system of the epithelial migration that is critical to the healing of TM after its perforation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 2","pages":"159-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9464531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief History of JARO-An Origin Story!","authors":"Gerald R Popelka, Arthur N Popper","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00873-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-022-00873-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We review the history of the creation of the Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (JARO). We begin with the pre-history events that cover the initial concept, committee work and discussions that led the ARO to decide to publish its own journal. Finally, we provide a brief look at the initial stages of forming JARO.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular Drop Attacks and Meniere's Disease as Results of Otolithic Membrane Damage-A Numerical Model.","authors":"Nicholas Senofsky,&nbsp;Justin Faber,&nbsp;Dolores Bozovic","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00880-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-022-00880-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meniere's disease (MD) is a condition of the inner ear with symptoms affecting both vestibular and hearing functions. Some patients with MD experience vestibular drop attacks (VDAs), which are violent falls caused by spurious vestibular signals from the utricle and/or saccule. Recent surgical work has shown that patients who experience VDAs also show disrupted utricular otolithic membranes. The objective of this study is to determine if otolithic membrane damage alone is sufficient to induce spurious vestibular signals, thus potentially eliciting VDAs and the vestibular dysfunction seen in patients with MD. We use a previously developed numerical model to describe the nonlinear dynamics of an array of active, elastically coupled hair cells. We then reduce the coupling strength of a selected region of the membrane to model the effects of tissue damage. As we reduce the coupling strength, we observe large and abrupt spikes in hair bundle position. As bundle displacements from the equilibrium position have been shown to lead to depolarization of the hair-cell soma and hence trigger neural activity, this spontaneous activity could elicit false detection of a vestibular signal. The results of this numerical model suggest that otolithic membrane damage alone may be sufficient to induce VDAs and the vestibular dysfunction seen in patients with MD. Future experimental work is needed to confirm these results in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9238204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otolith Membrane Herniation, not Semicircular Canal Duct Dilation, Is Associated with Decreased Caloric Responses in Ménière's Disease.","authors":"Leo L Shen, Nicholas S Andresen, Divya A Chari, Jacob M Pogson, Amanda M Lauer, Richard D Rabbitt, John P Carey, Felipe Santos, Bryan K Ward","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00883-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-022-00883-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ménière's disease (MD) is a debilitating disorder with unclear pathophysiology whose diagnosis often relies on clinical judgment rather than objective testing. To complicate matters further, a dissociation has emerged between two vestibular function tests commonly used in patients with MD to examine the same end-organ (the semicircular canals): the caloric test and video head impulse testing (vHIT). Caloric responses are often abnormal, while vHIT results remain normal. Explaining this dissociation could reveal novel insights into MD pathophysiology. Here, we conduct a histopathological study using temporal bone specimens (N = 58, 21 MD-affected ears and 37 age-matched controls) and their clinical testing data to examine current hypotheses aimed at this dissociation. We find otolith membrane herniation into the horizontal semicircular canal in 69% of MD ears, with 90% of these ears demonstrating a diminished caloric response. No ears with a normal response had this herniation. Moreover, we evaluated the semicircular canals for endolymphatic hydrops, which had been hypothesized to contribute to the dissociation, and found no evidence of duct dilation/hydrops. We did, however, note a potentially novel morphologic finding-smaller bony labyrinth cross-sectional diameters/areas in some MD ear canals compared to controls, suggesting relative size of the membranous duct to the bony canal rather than absolute size may be of importance. Taken together, this study refines hypotheses on the vestibular test dissociation in MD, holding diagnostic implications and expanding our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this enigmatic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9242827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Evidence for Tinnitus Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Roshni Biswas, Eleni Genitsaridi, Natalia Trpchevska, Alessandra Lugo, Winfried Schlee, Christopher R Cederroth, Silvano Gallus, Deborah A Hall","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00874-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-022-00874-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/hypothesis: </strong>Identifying risk factors for tinnitus could facilitate not only the recommendations for prevention measures, but also identifying potential pathways for new interventions. This study reports the first comprehensive systematic review of analytical observational studies able to provide information about causality (i.e., case-control and cohort designs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search of four electronic databases identified epidemiological studies published on tinnitus and different exposures. Independent raters screened all studies, extracted data, and evaluated study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Reported relative risks (RR), hazard ratios (HR), odds ratios (OR), and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compute crude estimates of RR for tinnitus risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2389 records identified, a total of 374 articles were read as full text (24 reviews, 301 cross-sectional studies, 42 cohort studies, and 7 case-control studies). However, from 49 case-control and cohort studies, only 25 adequately reported risk ratios. Using the findings from these studies, positive causal associations were found for various hearing-related factors (i.e., unspecified hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, occupational noise exposure, ototoxic platinum therapy, and otitis media). Evidence was also found for a number of non-otological risk factors including temporo-mandibular joint disorder, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hyperlipidemia. Negative associations indicating preventative effects were found for diabetes and high alcohol consumption. No associations were found for low alcohol consumption, body mass index, head injury, heart failure, hypertension, leisure noise exposure, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, sex, smoking, stroke, and whiplash. However, with the exception of unspecified hearing loss, these findings resulted from pooling no more than 4 studies, illustrating that the vast majority of the associations still remain inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These systematic review and meta-analysis confirm a number of otological and non-otological risk factors for tinnitus. By highlighting major gaps in knowledge, our synthesis can help provide direction for future research that will shed light on the pathophysiology, improve management strategies, and inform more effective preventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9291313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Measures of Temporal Pitch Sensitivity in Normal-hearing Listeners.","authors":"François Guérit,&nbsp;Andrew J Harland,&nbsp;Matthew L Richardson,&nbsp;Robin Gransier,&nbsp;John C Middlebrooks,&nbsp;Jan Wouters,&nbsp;Robert P Carlyon","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00879-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-022-00879-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To obtain combined behavioural and electrophysiological measures of pitch perception, we presented harmonic complexes, bandpass filtered to contain only high-numbered harmonics, to normal-hearing listeners. These stimuli resemble bandlimited pulse trains and convey pitch using a purely temporal code. A core set of conditions consisted of six stimuli with baseline pulse rates of 94, 188 and 280 pps, filtered into a HIGH (3365-4755 Hz) or VHIGH (7800-10,800 Hz) region, alternating with a 36% higher pulse rate. Brainstem and cortical processing were measured using the frequency following response (FFR) and auditory change complex (ACC), respectively. Behavioural rate change difference limens (DLs) were measured by requiring participants to discriminate between a stimulus that changed rate twice (up-down or down-up) during its 750-ms presentation from a constant-rate pulse train. FFRs revealed robust brainstem phase locking whose amplitude decreased with increasing rate. Moderate-sized but reliable ACCs were obtained in response to changes in purely temporal pitch and, like the psychophysical DLs, did not depend consistently on the direction of rate change or on the pulse rate for baseline rates between 94 and 280 pps. ACCs were larger and DLs lower for stimuli in the HIGH than in the VHGH region. We argue that the ACC may be a useful surrogate for behavioural measures of rate discrimination, both for normal-hearing listeners and for cochlear-implant users. We also showed that rate DLs increased markedly when the baseline rate was reduced to 48 pps, and compared the behavioural and electrophysiological findings to recent cat data obtained with similar stimuli and methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 1","pages":"47-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10057078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear Health and Cochlear-implant Function.","authors":"Kara C Schvartz-Leyzac, Deborah J Colesa, Donald L Swiderski, Yehoash Raphael, Bryan E Pfingst","doi":"10.1007/s10162-022-00882-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10162-022-00882-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cochlear implant (CI) is widely considered to be one of the most innovative and successful neuroprosthetic treatments developed to date. Although outcomes vary, CIs are able to effectively improve hearing in nearly all recipients and can substantially improve speech understanding and quality of life for patients with significant hearing loss. A wealth of research has focused on underlying factors that contribute to success with a CI, and recent evidence suggests that the overall health of the cochlea could potentially play a larger role than previously recognized. This article defines and reviews attributes of cochlear health and describes procedures to evaluate cochlear health in humans and animal models in order to examine the effects of cochlear health on performance with a CI. Lastly, we describe how future biologic approaches can be used to preserve and/or enhance cochlear health in order to maximize performance for individual CI recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56283,"journal":{"name":"Jaro-Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology","volume":"24 1","pages":"5-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9243209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}