IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy最新文献

{"title":"Optimal Short-Term Charge/Discharge Operation for Electric Vehicles With Volt-Var Control in Day-Ahead Electricity Market","authors":"Hiroshi Kikusato;Ryu Ando;Jun Hashimoto;Kenji Otani;Nanae Kaneko","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3444748","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the short-term operation of electric vehicle (EV) charging and discharging while considering the potential curtailment of active power due to volt-var control (VVC) prioritizing reactive power output. The proposed approach involves exchanging information between the EV aggregator and the distribution system operator (DSO). This approach allows the EV aggregator to optimize EV charge/discharge schedules while considering voltage-related constraints in the distribution system (DS). Initially, the aggregator shares the optimized schedule with the DSO to estimate the anticipated active power reduction through power flow analysis. Subsequently, the aggregator revises the constraint on active power output to avoid its expected curtailment and performs a second optimization for EV charging and discharging operation. Numerical simulations conducted on a realistic DS model in Japan validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing profitability in the day-ahead market while ensuring the quality of DS voltage. The results demonstrate an increase in profit by shifting the time of EV charging and discharging based on shared information from the DSO.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"410-420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient State Estimation Through Rapid Topological Analysis Based on Spatiotemporal Graph Methodology","authors":"Zhen Dai;Shouyu Liang;Yachen Tang;Jun Tan;Guangyi Liu;Qinyu Feng;Xuanang Li","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3440218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3440218","url":null,"abstract":"The seamless integration of swift and precise topological analysis with state estimation is crucial for ensuring the dependability, stability, and efficiency of the power system. In response to this need, this paper introduced a novel approach to constructing a spatiotemporal “Power Grid One Graph” model using a graph database, enabling rapid topological analysis and state estimation. Initially, a spatiotemporal power grid model was created by merging grid topology with dynamically updated telemetry and telesignaling data. Subsequently, utilizing the graph model and entity mapping, the spatiotemporal node-breaker graph model was obtained and the corresponding bus-branch model was generated. Based on the node-breaker graph model, topological error identification was conducted, and a fast topological analysis optimization algorithm, considering component functionality, was applied to update the bus-branch graph model, facilitating graph-based state estimation. Finally, the proposed method was validated on a real power system, and its application, along with performance enhancements of the spatiotemporal power grid model considering topological changes, was investigated. The presented method provides both theoretical and practical support for the digital transformation of the power system and the advancement of the digital twin power grid.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"396-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10632043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initialization Methods for FPGA-Based EMT Simulations","authors":"Xin Ma;Xiao-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3432809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3432809","url":null,"abstract":"FPGA has become a very powerful platform to provide real-time Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) solutions due to the much lower investment costs in comparison to the other existing real-time platform. Existing off-line initialization methods cannot be applied to real-time FPGA directly owing to timing constraints and resource utilization. Without appropriate initialization, it can lead to divergence for FPGA-based EMT simulations and cause inaccurate simulation results. To provide real-time initialization, this paper presents four initialization methods for FPGA-based EMT, namely, physical interface (Method 1), signal declaration (Method 2), signal assignment (Method 3) and Coefficient (COE) file (Method 4). The performance of these four methods are also compared, and Method 4 can initialize instantly with the simplest code. To improve hardware adaptability, optimized strategies are developed for address sequence, interface, update modes and dataflow. To accelerate initialization, software-to-hardware algorithm and structure are developed to automate initialization data sources for different topologies. Case study shows Method 2–4 can both initialize successfully on FPGA platform, while Method 4 achieves the best timing and routing performance. To verify scalability, Method 4 is expanded to initialize 4-machine 11-bus system and eliminate significant error to less than 5%, with a timing constraint of 0.005 ns.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"338-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10629253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Temporal Analysis and Techno-Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Energy Integration to the Western Interconnection","authors":"Li He;Shahnawaz Siddiqui;Sameer Nekkalapu;Sohom Datta;Travis Douville;Konstantinos Oikonomou;Manisha Maharjan","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3440173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3440173","url":null,"abstract":"The intermittent nature of renewable energy generation introduces distinctive capacity challenges that hinge on various weather events occurring at different time intervals, ranging from rapid sub-hourly ramping to prolonged decadal droughts. To address these challenges, it becomes increasingly crucial to incorporate geographic and technological diversity into the energy mix. This diversity can be facilitated by transmission planning that takes into account operational considerations like frequency response, regulation, ramping capabilities, and contingency reserves, while also quantifying the broader system-wide advantages and drawbacks. This research builds upon an approach that evaluates these operational elements and extends its application to the planning of electricity transmission systems in the context of the emergence of offshore wind (OSW) energy projects in Northern California and Southern Oregon. Three generation and transmission scenarios across two future representations of the Western Interconnection (WI) are modeled, and detailed production cost modeling (PCM) and power flow (PF) models of each topology were constructed. A novel multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) model was developed and utilized, and its performance is compared with conventional high voltage direct current (HVDC) radial topology. The case studies show how OSW changes the energy flow on three major paths in WI with PCM, as well as contingency analysis, transient stability, and voltage stability in PF. Through an iterative manner, the proposed approach identifies necessary upgrades to the transmission system based on PF results, builds the upgrades in the PCM, and re-runs. Significant potential benefits of West Coast OSW in interregional energy coordination and resilience to extreme weather conditions from using different generation and transmission scenarios are observed.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10630548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BESS-Set: A Dataset for Cybersecurity Monitoring in a Battery Energy Storage System","authors":"Giovanni Battista Gaggero;Alessandro Armellin;Giulio Ferro;Michela Robba;Paola Girdinio;Mario Marchese","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3439856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3439856","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grids are nowadays featured by distributed energy resources, both renewables, traditional sources and storage systems. Generally, these components are characterized by different control technologies that interact with the generators through smart inverters. This exposes them to a variety of cyber threats. In this context, there is a need to develop datasets of attacks on these systems to evaluate the risks and allow researchers to develop proper monitoring algorithms. This paper addresses this need by presenting BESS-Set, an open-source dataset for cybersecurity analysis of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS).","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"362-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10630530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Fault-Tolerant Grid Frequency Measurement","authors":"Chris Wembridge;Mark Davies;James Lord;Evan Franklin;Sarah Lyden;Michael Negnevitsky","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3438153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3438153","url":null,"abstract":"As power systems adopt greater levels of asynchronous generation, operators increasingly need to accurately monitor and manage their systems. With inverter-based generation progressively displacing traditional synchronous generators, power systems generally experience increased rate of change of grid frequency and wider propagation of voltage disturbances after a network contingency event. Inverter-based resources are now being leveraged to mitigate larger frequency disturbances, by delivering fast frequency control ancillary services. For this to be effective, accurate and robust, fast and fault-tolerant grid frequency measurements are needed. Commonly deployed frequency measurement techniques are susceptible to significant measurement error when exposed to unbalanced faults and frequency deviations. More robust techniques for measuring frequency are thus needed. This paper describes in detail a measurement strategy that extracts the continuous phase angle of the positive phase sequence phasor, from voltage signals. The method is demonstrated to provide robust measurements in the presence of simultaneously and rapidly varying voltage and frequency. From real-world measurements, using the Tasmanian power system as a case-study, the method is shown to be equivalent to or outperform measurement devices currently deployed in power systems. This paper provides all necessary control block diagrams required for integration into various modelling packages and frequency measurement devices.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"373-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10623224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Anomaly Classification Using PCA-Kmeans and Ensembled Classifier for Wind Turbines","authors":"Prince Waqas Khan;Yung-Cheol Byun","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3437414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3437414","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring wind turbine performance is vital for ensuring wind turbines’ safe, efficient, and cost-effective operation over time. Using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering for labeling, and an ensemble classifier for finding outliers, this study suggests a new way to find anomalies in wind turbines. The primary objective is to improve the precision of anomaly detection in wind turbines by leveraging machine-learning techniques. The proposed methodology utilizes the output of the PCA-Kmeans model to label supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. Furthermore, a stacking ensemble classifier is employed to refine the model’s precision. Our proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of 99%, which is a significant improvement compared to existing approaches. The significance of this study lies in its potential to enable more efficient wind turbine operation by identifying and resolving anomalies that may reduce their performance. This can ultimately contribute to achieving a sustainable and renewable energy future.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"349-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10621021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronization and Rebound Effects in Residential Loads","authors":"Nora Agah;Eve Tsybina;Viswadeep Lebakula;Justin Hill;Jeff Munk;Helia Zandi","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3432389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3432389","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing fuel prices and capacity investment deferral place an increasing demand for peak reduction from distribution level systems. Residential and commercial devices, such as HVAC systems and water heaters, are increasingly involved in load control programs, and their use may generate synchronization and rebound effects, such as artificial peaks caused by device optimization. While there have been concerns over device synchronization, few studies quantify the extent of this effect with numerical values. In this study, we attempt to investigate whether control efforts result in device synchronization or rebound effects. We focus on three clustering methods – Ward’s clustering, Euclidean K-means, and Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise – to evaluate the extent of synchronization of a fleet of water heaters and HVAC systems in Atlanta, Georgia. Our findings show that synchronization and rebound effects are present in the neighborhood’s water heaters, but none were found in the HVAC systems. Further, high usage water heaters are more susceptible to synchronization and rebound effects.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"676-689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10606292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Holistic Approach to the Efficient Estimation of Operational Flexibility From Distributed Resources","authors":"Nikolaos Savvopoulos;Nikos Hatziargyriou;Hannu Laaksonen","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3429390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3429390","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) like renewable generation into the power system has increased the need to develop effective strategies for procurement of flexibility services from these distribution network connected resources. In order to realize the flexibility potential of DERs to support flexibility needs of the system operators, the aggregated available flexibility at the interconnection point between transmission and distribution system needs to be estimated. This paper presents a novel optimization-based method to estimate the time-dependent flexibility at a primary distribution substation while accounting for the uncertainty of renewable generation. The proposed approach integrates the stochasticity of the flexibility resources using a scenario-based robust optimization and incorporates the intertemporal constraints of DER into the estimation process, ensuring a realistic representation of the flexibility capability over time. The scenarios are derived through sampling from a probability distribution of the renewable energy forecasts. This process utilizes a joint probability distribution and copulas to account for the temporal and spatial correlation among the renewable energy sources of the same region. Based on the joint hourly probability of the different scenarios a robust solution is finally obtained according to the assumed confidence level.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"325-337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10599483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Stability in Inverter-Based Weak Grids in the Presence of Synchronous Condensers","authors":"Sajjad Hadavi;Nabil Mohammed;Ali Mehrizi-Sani;Behrooz Bahrani","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3428365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3428365","url":null,"abstract":"The high penetration of renewable energy resources, integrated via power electronic inverters, into weak and low-inertia grids has led to the emergence of new challenges within power systems. The absence of native inertia in inverter-based resources (IBRs), in contrast to fossil-fuel-based generators, can result in sustained oscillations and instability. Synchronous Condensers (SynCons) are being considered as a reborn technology to address the challenges associated with system strengthening and inertia support in IBR-dominant power systems. Despite the well-established nature of SynCons, an additional assessment is necessary to analyze the stability of a weak grid with a high penetration of renewable resources, particularly in the presence of SynCons. This paper proposes a quantitative index for the stability analysis of a system incorporating black-boxed IBRs and SynCons. The proposed index is derived from impedance-based stability analysis. The impact of a SynCon on the proposed stability index is evaluated in a single-machine infinite-bus system, and its accuracy is further verified in an IEEE 39-bus system. Additionally, the findings are corroborated through time-domain simulation tests conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC software.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"314-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10598181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}