{"title":"Learning-Assisted Variables Reduction Method for Large-Scale MILP Unit Commitment","authors":"Mohamed Ibrahim Abdelaziz Shekeew;Bala Venkatesh","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3247989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3247989","url":null,"abstract":"The security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) challenge is solved repeatedly several times every day, for operations in a limited time. Typical mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations are intertemporal in nature and have complex and discrete solution spaces that exponentially increase with system size. Improvements in the SCUC formulation and/or solution method that yield a faster solution hold immense economic value, as less time can be spent finding the best-known solution. Most machine learning (ML) methods in the literature either provide a warm start or convert the MILP-SCUC formulation to a continuous formulation, possibly leading to sub-optimality and/or infeasibility. In this paper, we propose a novel ML-based variables reduction method that accurately determines the optimal schedule for a subset of trusted generators, shrinking the MILP-SCUC formulation and dramatically reducing the search space. ML indicators sets are created to shrink the MILP-SCUC model, leading to improvement in the solution quality. Test results on IEEE systems with 14, 118, and 300 busses, the Ontario system, and Polish systems with 2383 and 3012 busses report significant reductions in solution times in the range of 48% to 98%. This is a promising tool for system operators to solve the MILP-SCUC with a lower optimality gap in a limited-time operation, leading to economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10054063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49992157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic Analysis of Type-3 Wind Turbines Subject to Grid Unbalance","authors":"Mohammed Alqahtani;Zhixin Miao;Lingling Fan","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3275810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3275810","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to adequately model a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based type-3 wind turbine under grid unbalance by considering not only positive and negative-sequence circuits but also the 3rd harmonic circuit. This 3rd harmonic is a positive sequence component caused by frequency coupling with the negative-sequence 60-Hz component. It is not a zero-sequence component and cannot be got rid of by delta-connected transformers. Hence, accurate modeling is necessary to capture this harmonic component. In addition to modeling, we design an efficient algorithm for steady-state analysis by formulating the steady-state analysis problem as an optimization problem. A set of equality constraints has been formed to reflect the relationship of voltage, current, and power in the ac circuits, the dc circuit, and the different frames. This formulation is defined in YALMIP, a MATLAB interface for optimization problems. The optimization problem is then solved by a nonlinear optimization solver. The results of the steady-state analysis are phasors of harmonic components at steady state. They have been validated by the phasors obtained from Fourier transforms of electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation results. The paper contributes to both the sophisticated phasor model of DFIG with consideration of grid unbalance and the efficient computing procedure of steady-state analysis by use of advanced solvers.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10124044.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49945712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Liu;Byungkwon Park;Kai Sun;Aleksandar Dimitrovski;Srdjan Simunovic
{"title":"Parallel-in-Time Power System Simulation Using a Differential Transformation Based Adaptive Parareal Method","authors":"Yang Liu;Byungkwon Park;Kai Sun;Aleksandar Dimitrovski;Srdjan Simunovic","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3220112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3220112","url":null,"abstract":"For parallel-in-time simulation of large-scale power systems, this paper proposes a differential transformation based adaptive Parareal method for significantly improved convergence and time performance compared to a traditional Parareal method, which iterates a sequential, numerical coarse solution over extended time steps to connect parallel fine solutions within respective time steps. The new method employs the differential transformation to derive a semi-analytical coarse solution of power system differential-algebraic equations, by which the order and time step, as well as the window length with a multi-window solution strategy, can adaptively vary with the response of the system. Thus, the new method can reduce divergences and also speed up the overall simulation. Extensive tests on the IEEE 39-bus system and the Polish 2383-bus system have verified the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/09942710.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49945803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Next-Generation Cyber-Physical Energy Management Systems: Monitoring to Mitigation","authors":"Abhijeet Sahu;Katherine Davis;Hao Huang;Amarachi Umunnakwe;Saman Zonouz;Ana Goulart","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3239186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3239186","url":null,"abstract":"There is a crucial need to enhance the reliability and resilience of our nation’s critical energy infrastructure. Electric power systems are cyber-physical critical infrastructure with distinct, interacting networks comprising electrical, communications, and interdependency layers. Resilience requires modeling and monitoring all layers for prevention, early detection, and proactive threat assessment. This paper presents the research and design of a novel energy management system (EMS) called Cyber-Physical Resilient Energy Systems (CYPRES) to accomplish this goal. The CYPRES EMS architecture and methods are all cyber-physical to cohesively model and analyze the power system as a cyber-physical system (CPS). Results are illustrated for this proof-of-concept solution utilizing a 2000-bus cyber-physical synthetic electric grid.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10024808.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49977689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Suhail Hussain;Mohd Asim Aftab;Shaik Mullapathi Farooq;Ikbal Ali;Taha Selim Ustun;Charalambos Konstantinou
{"title":"An Effective Security Scheme for Attacks on Sample Value Messages in IEC 61850 Automated Substations","authors":"S. M. Suhail Hussain;Mohd Asim Aftab;Shaik Mullapathi Farooq;Ikbal Ali;Taha Selim Ustun;Charalambos Konstantinou","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3255790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3255790","url":null,"abstract":"The trend of transforming substations into smart automated facilities has led to their swift digitalization and automation. To facilitate data exchange among equipment within these substations, the IEC 61850 standard has become the predominant standard. However, this standardization has inadvertently made these substations more susceptible to cyberattacks, which is a significant concern given the confidential information that is transmitted. As a result, cybersecurity in substations is becoming an increasingly critical topic. IEC 62351 standard provides guidelines and considerations for securing the IEC 61850 messages to mitigate their vulnerabilities. While securing Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages has received considerable attention in literature, the same level of scrutiny has not been applied to Sampled Value (SV) messages despite their susceptibility to cyberattacks and similar frame format. This paper presents the impact of replay and masquerade attacks on SV messages. It also develops a scheme for securing SV messages against these attacks. Due to high sampling rate and time critical nature of SV messages, the time complexity of security scheme is critical for its applicability to SV messages. Hence, in this work, SV emulators have been developed in order to send these modified secure SV messages and investigate their timing performance. The results show that the proposed scheme can mitigate replay and masquerade attacks on SV messages while providing the necessary high sampling rate and stringent timing requirements.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10065529.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Automated Approach for Screening Residential PV Applications Using a Random Forest Model","authors":"Wenbo Wang;Jeremy Keen;Jason Bank;Julieta Giraldez;Karen Montano-Martinez","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3270223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3270223","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of residential solar photovoltaics (PV) applications is a challenge for distribution utilities as they work to maintain grid standards and minimize customer interconnection times. A “screening process” is typically used by utilities to approve customer interconnection request. While conventional “fast-track screening” methods (e.g., limiting PV capacity to 15% of transformer capacity) can be done quickly, they are too restrictive for new PV interconnections. On the other hand, detailed studies often require power flow modeling and would increase customer interconnection times. This work uses a random forest (RF) model to screen residential solar applications without the need for power flow analysis. The proposed RF model is based on commonly available PV application information and network data as inputs, such as application size and solar penetration. The correlation and importance of these RF inputs are investigated so that utilities have flexible implementation options. Further advantages of this data-driven approach are transparency, i.e., utilities can show how different inputs affect a pass/fail decision, and a quantified probability associated with the screening decisions can be provided. Case studies show how a utility would use the proposed approach and benchmark the proposed approach with conventional screening methods. The proposed approach was found to be more accurate than the conventional fast-track screens. It was also found to be faster than detailed power flow studies and nearly as accurate.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10108056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can Huang;Hannah Burroughs;Cecilia Klauber;Chih-Che Sun
{"title":"Power Distribution System Characterization With Active Probing: Real-World Testing and Analysis","authors":"Can Huang;Hannah Burroughs;Cecilia Klauber;Chih-Che Sun","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3227908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3227908","url":null,"abstract":"Power distribution systems are traditionally characterized using passive means such as parameter estimation and topology identification. This work investigates an active way to test and characterize dynamically changing distribution systems. The method actively perturbs local distribution networks with programmable pulses using a Grid Resonance Probe (GRP) and observes the response using a micro-phasor measurement unit ( $mu $ PMU). After applying advanced data analytics, the perturbation and response measurements can reveal characteristics of distribution systems, such as feeder parameters and topologies. To validate the proposed approach, three case studies are executed on a real distribution system, including visualization, feeder connection identification, and feeder impedance estimation. Real data processing considerations and sensitivity analysis are also discussed. The proposed testing and analysis approach is expected to provide engineers a new solution to measure, parameterize, and characterize distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/09978675.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49977684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical Modeling of the Determinants Driving the Electricity Demand in Jordan","authors":"Mohammad Awad Momani;Lina Alhmoud","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3255100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3255100","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces a statistical model that connects the electrical demand in Jordan with several determinants that have a direct impact on the electrical consumption and load profile during the study period from 2007 to 2020. The period was selected as it is characterized by several global events that directly impacted Jordan’s economy and energy sustainability in Jordan, such as the Arab spring protests, the civil war in Syria, and the global financial crises. Many determinants that are used in the regression analysis imply the ambient temperature, day of the week, population, gross domestic product (GDP), oil price, and technological factors related to renewable energy projects. Results show that temperature and population positively impact the demand, whereas GPD, population, oil prices, and renewable energy negatively impact the electricity demand. The results obtained from backcasting regression analysis for the hourly 4745 data set covering 13 years period reveals reasonable error metrics with MAE, MAPE, and RMSE values of 134, 6.3% and 2.76%, respectively. The government must encourage investments to exploit and explore the massive potential of available energy resources such as oil, natural gas, oil shale, and uranium to resolve the problems related to the high global oil prices and high dependency on imported energy. Also, it is required to enable the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy through financial incentives and tax exemption to encourage investments in clean energy, rebuild a new traffic system showing the volatile electricity prices, which are still unknown and finally remove obstacles and facilitate the ongoing projects, reaching a state of stakeholder buy-in engaging with the projects.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10064323.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Gutierrez-Ballesteros;Sarah K. Rönnberg;Aurora Gil-De-Castro
{"title":"Comparison of Measurement-Based Classification Methods of LED Lamps","authors":"Elena Gutierrez-Ballesteros;Sarah K. Rönnberg;Aurora Gil-De-Castro","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3263793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2023.3263793","url":null,"abstract":"The topology of a device will determine the impact said device has on the grid and how immune that device is for disturbances in the grid. LED lamps are very commonly used devices, with different topologies available in the market, each topology showing different behavior when connected to a grid. For power quality studies, it is important to classify LED lamps, without breaking them to know the topology. Several classification methods are found in the literature with this purpose. In this paper, four methods from different papers for classifying LED lamps have been applied to a group of 21 LED lamps with active power consumption below 25 W. It has been observed that the applicability of the methods may lead to a gap of knowledge needed for classification, leaving space for personal criteria when classifying, that can be afforded using unsupervised Machine Learning. Two unsupervised Machine Learning methods were applied using the electrical parameters and statistics proposed in literature.","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784343/9999142/10089471.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2023 Index IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy Vol. 10","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3356328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3356328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56187,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10410878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}