Transportation Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of transition section treatments between bridge and regular track using DEM coupled simulation","authors":"Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei Tai ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Rui","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of four treatment measures—wedge-shape backfill, asphalt mat, concrete slab approach, and stone column installation—on the dynamic performance of railway transition zones, using a coupled Discrete Element Method and Multibody Dynamics model. A 24 m long full-scale three-dimensional model of the transition section, including the discrete ballast particles and discontinuous subgrade elements, was developed to simulate uneven settlement under cyclic M-wave train loads and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments. The results reveal that all treatments significantly reduced the uneven settlement of the track, with wedge-shape backfill and stone column treatments showing the most promising results, reducing uneven settlement by 42.2 % and 41.1 %, respectively. These treatments also improved the load-bearing capacity of the ballast layer by increasing particle contacts and reducing particle movement. The stone column method notably suppressed particle movement in the ballast layer by distributing the applied load more effectively. In contrast, the asphalt mat and concrete slab methods showed moderate improvements. This study highlights the importance of enhancing subgrade stiffness in transition zones to mitigate settlement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation of strength evolution in organic soils improved by deep mixing method","authors":"Hossein Zoriyeh Aligholi ,&nbsp;Ilknur Bozbey","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of deep soil mixing (DSM) in enhancing the strength and modulus of organic soils. The research evaluates how varying cement types, binder dosages, water-to-cement (w/c) ratios, and curing durations affect the mechanical properties of two different organic soils that were used; natural soil from the Golden Horn region of Istanbul with 12.4% organic content, and an artificial soil created from a 50/50 mixture of Kaolin clay and Leonardite, which has an acidic pH due to high organic content. The specimens were cured for four durations, ranging from seven days to one year. The testing program included mechanical testing; Unconfined Compression Tests (UCS), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) measurements, and chemical analyses; X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The UCS tests indicated that higher binder dosages and extended curing durations significantly improved the strength. Higher w/c ratios resulted in decreased strength. Long curing durations resulted in strength values which were four times the 28-day strength values. This amplified effect of strength gain in longer durations was evaluated through “Curing time effect index, (f_c)”. The results were presented in terms of cement dosage effect, effect of cement type, effect of total water/cement ratio (w_t/c), standard deviation values, E₅₀ values and curing time effect index (f_c) values respectively. Results of UPV tests were used to develop correlations between strength and ultrasonic pulse velocities. Quantitative evaluations were made using the results of XRF and TGA analyses and strength. Significant amount of data was produced both in terms of mechanical of chemical analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing grout injection: A computational and experimental study","authors":"Seyedeh Azadeh Mousavi Darzikolaei ,&nbsp;Zacharia M. Sao ,&nbsp;Jubair Ahmad Musazay ,&nbsp;Shihui Shen ,&nbsp;Farshad Rajabipour ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grouting is a critical engineering technique used to repair and reinforce infrastructure, with its effectiveness largely dependent on the grout’s fluidity and injectability. This study investigates grout injection for railroad ballast reinforcement through a comprehensive approach combining computational modeling and laboratory experiments to optimize grout mixture rheology and injection strategies. The computational model simulates grout flow through aggregates using particle-resolving method for small-scale cases and a porosity-based model for large-scale applications. Parameters for the porosity model were calibrated by upscaling the small-scale results via numerical Darcy experiments. The non-Newtonian behavior of grout is represented by the Herschel–Bulkley model. Rheological parameters for the optimal grout mixture were identified through model simulations, experimental comparisons, and fluidity requirements. Laboratory experiments helped narrow down candidate rheological parameters which were further evaluated using the computational model. Additionally, the model guided the design of the injection pipe layout, spacing, and perforation hole locations. This integrated study provides an optimized grout mixture and injection configuration, offering practical recommendations for railroad ballast reinforcement applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated and unsaturated properties of recycled concrete aggregate for sustainable pavement design","authors":"Celso Nhanga Santos ,&nbsp;Bora Cetin","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pavement base layers are constructed to specified quality standard to distribute traffic loads and drain excess water from the pavement structure. The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) as base material has become increasingly common due to their mechanical properties and sustainability benefits. However, poor drainage and the presence of unhydrated cement in RCAs can lead to pavement saturation, adversely affecting their performance. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly evaluate the physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties that may impact the pavements’ performance. In this research, twelve RCA base materials, including three Open-Graded Drainage Courses (OGDC), a blended mix, and five natural aggregates (GMs) were evaluated for index properties, hydraulic properties, and stiffness (resilient modulus, M_R). Using the FHWA Drainage Requirement in Pavements (DRIP) software and the laboratory test results, the time required to drain 50 % of the saturated layer was also evaluate. The GMs, with M_R ranging from 114 to 513 MPa, had higher density but exhibited “poor” to “very poor” drainage quality. In contrast, the coarse gradation of RCAs, with M_R varying from 162 to 730 MPa, led to higher stiffness and better drainage. However, coarse RCAs exhibited 4 to 6 times higher moisture absorption, while the sand fraction had 3 to 5 times higher absorption, causing RCAs to retain moisture longer than GMs. No material exhibited “excellent” drainage quality, not even the OGDCs. Furthermore, increasing the layer thickness had minimal impact on improving drainage quality, highlighting the importance of considering alternative pavement drainage solutions for effective pavement drainage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanners, satellites, smart compactors, and drones: Emerging technologies for assessing compacted soil lift thickness","authors":"Christopher L. Meehan ,&nbsp;William J. Baker III","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective soil compaction requires sufficient compactor energy penetration. To achieve this goal, soil compaction specifications typically mandate a “not to exceed” lift thickness for a given layer of soil that is placed, spread, and compacted. Traditional techniques for field monitoring of soil lift thickness are personnel dependent, and add cost and time to projects. New and innovative approaches are emerging that have the long-term potential for more effective lift thickness monitoring at reduced cost. Three of these techniques are discussed in the current paper: (1) non-destructive lift thickness scanning using a magnetic pulse induction lift thickness scanner (scanners), (2) continuous real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) surveying using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, etc in conjunction with local receivers mounted on “intelligent” soil compactors (satellites and smart compactors), and (3) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image acquisition coupled with photogrammetric analysis/surveying techniques (drones). The accuracy of point-specific measurements made using each of these techniques is of critical importance. This paper describes the results from a field study that was conducted to assess the relative accuracy of these three techniques by monitoring the lift thickness of a full-scale earthen test embankment. Measured field results indicated that emerging technologies such as magnetic pulse induction scanning can accurately estimate soil lift thickness within 0.4 cm when compared against physical soil lift thickness measurements. Other emerging technologies, such as UAV-based surveying techniques, also provided reliable estimates of soil lift thickness measurements, which were accurate to within 1.2 cm of physical soil lift thickness measurements. Additionally, some of these emerging techniques (satellites, smart compactors, and drones) offer the advantage of providing near-continuous soil lift thickness measurements along the entire embankment, which can be useful for building spatial maps of compacted soil lift thickness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Situ Plate Load Test Measurements of Stress Distribution Properties for Coarse Unbound Granular Materials","authors":"Lisa Tronhuus Hannasvik ,&nbsp;Helge Mork ,&nbsp;Ragnar Evensen ,&nbsp;Johnny M. Johansen ,&nbsp;Inge Hoff ,&nbsp;René Kierstein","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A field test was conducted to study in-situ stress distribution of coarse crushed rock (CR) materials. The existing literature on CR materials with upper sieve size &gt; 90 mm is very limited, and there is a need to characterize these materials and validate the application of existing theory and models for unbound granular materials.</div><div>The objective of this paper is to compare plate loading test (PLT) measurements on two CR subbase materials, and to analyze and compare computed and measured vertical stresses below subbase layers of these materials: open-graded CR 22/125 mm and dense-graded CR 0/125 mm. Earth pressure cells (EPCs) were installed to measure vertical stress at 0.6 m depth, σ_0.6, during static PLTs with 300 mm plate diameter. The ratio of σ_0.6 to the average stress at the surface, σ₀, was compared with outputs from Boussinesq’s theory and multilayer nonlinear analyses in KENPAVE.</div><div>The average σ_0.6 for all loading levels during the second cycle of PLT was 41% higher for CR 22/125 as compared to CR 0/125. The average ratio Δσ_0.6/Δσ₀ for EPC measurements were 12.4% and 9.7% for CR 22/125 and CR 0/125, respectively. Based on Boussinesq’s theory, Δσ_0.6/Δσ₀ was 8.7%. Computed with KENPAVE, the average Δσ_0.6/Δσ₀ was 5.4% for both sections.</div><div>The EPC measurements indicate better load distribution properties for dense-graded as compared to open-graded CR. These findings could be applied for empiric design systems by differentiating the load distribution parameters of such materials. Furthermore, the results indicate a need to validate the application of analytical or mechanistic-empirical pavement design tools for pavement structures comprising coarse CR materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic insights into the drainage capacity of fouled railway ballast under intense rainfall","authors":"Hossein Shahraki,&nbsp;Mehdi Koohmishi","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study implements reliability analysis to evaluate the drainage capacity of ballast layer of railway tracks regarding the heavy rainfall rates related to the climate change. The effects of different fouling materials (clay and sand) at diverse fouling ratios of 10 % to 60 % are examined, while also incorporating the uncertainty of rainfall intensity. In this context, the results from both the constant-head permeability test and the large-scale flume test are utilized to validate the Analytical-Numerical (A-N) models. Subsequently, Limit State Functions (LSFs) are defined based on the hydraulic conductivity and validated A-N models to capture probabilistic insights of the drainage of track superstructure via the Refined Directional Simulation (RDS). Based on the reliability index values acquired, uniform-intensity rainfall triggers lesser the failure probability of LSFs. Additionally, drainage length, hydraulic conductivity of granular material, and rainfall rates emerge as the most influential parameters affecting the drainage performance of the system. Overall, fouling ratios of 40 % and 20 %, respectively for sand-fouled and clay-fouled specimens, are characterized as critical conditions affecting the drainage potential of ballast layer, regarding the defined LSFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of contact pressure in rock-disc cutter interaction using displacement discontinuity method and digital image correlation","authors":"Fatemeh Ashoor ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Abdollahipour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Khosravi","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting contact pressure distribution in rock-disc cutter interaction is crucial for optimizing tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance. This study presents a numerical and experimental investigation of contact pressure using the Higher-Order Displacement Discontinuity Method (HODDM) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The numerical model was developed to analyze stress and strain distributions under varying cutter force conditions, and its results were validated through controlled experimental testing using a linear cutting simulator. The numerical analysis reveals that pressure distribution follows a downward parabolic trend, with peak values concentrated in the central contact zone. This trend was also confirmed from experimental DIC measurements. The study further investigates the influence of the rotational-to-normal force ratio (<em>F_r/F_n</em>) on stress concentration, showing that increasing this ratio amplifies peak pressure and alters crack propagation patterns. Additionally, the proposed <em>FWxM</em> criterion quantifies pressure distribution zones, demonstrating that higher <em>F_r/F_n</em> ratios lead to a broader pressure spread beneath the cutter, potentially improving rock fragmentation efficiency. These findings enhance the understanding of rock fracturing mechanisms and provide a validated approach for predicting cutter forces, aiding in TBM cutter design optimization. The results indicate that accurate pressure distribution modeling can contribute to reducing cutter wear and enhancing excavation efficiency in hard rock tunneling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of hydraulic pressure aggravates coarse-grained soil frost heave: Implication for frost prevention to high-speed railway subgrade","authors":"Xiaoyun Hao ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Wenjie Feng ,&nbsp;Zhi Wen ,&nbsp;Lianhai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coarse-grained soil is generally used in cold-regions infrastructure to mitigate the frost damage to engineering because of its non-frost heave susceptibility; however, in certain cases, coarse-grained fill has been observed to experience frost heave under hydraulic pressure. To reveal the mechanism of hydraulic pressure on coarse-grained soil frost heave, a model was developed to describe the frost heave in coarse-grained soil, incorporating the migration of external water to ice lenses through an unfrozen water film under hydraulic pressure, then the model was validated using published results. Subsequently, based on the validated model, the influence mechanism of hydraulic pressure and fine content on coarse-grained soil frost heave were analyzed. The calculation results demonstrate that the hydraulic pressure aggravates frost heave by increasing the pore water pressure gradient in the unfrozen water film. Additionally, frost heave rate increases with fine content because of the thickening of the film, which facilitates water flow and ice segregation. Furthermore, gray correlation analysis demonstrated that the impact of hydraulic pressure on frost heave in coarse-grained soil is more significant than that of fine content. Finally, the study discusses frost damage that occurred in high-speed railway subgrade and proposes the preventive measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of physical model test in underground engineering: A review of methods and technologies","authors":"Zexu Ning ,&nbsp;Jinlong Li ,&nbsp;Hanpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Li ,&nbsp;Duanyang Zhuang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Xu ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez ,&nbsp;Liangtong Zhan ,&nbsp;Yunmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground engineering occurs in a multi-field coupling geological environment, exhibiting deformation characteristics of nonlinearity, discontinuity and timeliness, with a complex disaster evolution mechanism. Physical model tests can intuitively reproduce the evolution process of engineering disasters, which are important means of studying scientific problems in underground engineering and disaster prevention. On the basis of summarizing and reviewing research achievements on the physical model test of underground engineering in five aspects: similarity theory, physical model construction, multi-field environment simulation, engineering activity reproduction and multi-source information monitoring, the future prospects of physical model test of underground engineering are proposed. It is found that the hypergravity simulation technology can widen the parameter selection range of similar materials by extending the similarity constant. The physico-mechanical properties of similar materials can be regulated quantitatively by changing the raw material proportion and mixture ratio. The curing principle of similar materials can be classified as physical compaction, inorganic cementation, organic cementation, molten sintering, and ultraviolet curing. The construction technologies of physical models can be divided into mold method, masonry method and 3D printing method. The creation of physical fields such as true triaxial stress, water pressure, temperature, gas pressure, and stress gradients, as well as the reproduction of engineering activities such as cavern excavation and tunnel mining, can be realized in a physical model. Model test monitoring technologies and data processing methods are used for data collection, processing and interpretation in the entire testing process. It is recommended to further refine the similarity theories for simulating the whole process of engineering disasters, optimize the performance of similar materials, develop refined preparation technologies of complex three-dimensional structures, similar revivification technologies of multi-field coupling environments, high-quality reproduction technologies of engineering activities, and whole-domain multi-source intelligent monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}