Transportation Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Application of physical model test in underground engineering: A review of methods and technologies","authors":"Zexu Ning ,&nbsp;Jinlong Li ,&nbsp;Hanpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Li ,&nbsp;Duanyang Zhuang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Xu ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez ,&nbsp;Liangtong Zhan ,&nbsp;Yunmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground engineering occurs in a multi-field coupling geological environment, exhibiting deformation characteristics of nonlinearity, discontinuity and timeliness, with a complex disaster evolution mechanism. Physical model tests can intuitively reproduce the evolution process of engineering disasters, which are important means of studying scientific problems in underground engineering and disaster prevention. On the basis of summarizing and reviewing research achievements on the physical model test of underground engineering in five aspects: similarity theory, physical model construction, multi-field environment simulation, engineering activity reproduction and multi-source information monitoring, the future prospects of physical model test of underground engineering are proposed. It is found that the hypergravity simulation technology can widen the parameter selection range of similar materials by extending the similarity constant. The physico-mechanical properties of similar materials can be regulated quantitatively by changing the raw material proportion and mixture ratio. The curing principle of similar materials can be classified as physical compaction, inorganic cementation, organic cementation, molten sintering, and ultraviolet curing. The construction technologies of physical models can be divided into mold method, masonry method and 3D printing method. The creation of physical fields such as true triaxial stress, water pressure, temperature, gas pressure, and stress gradients, as well as the reproduction of engineering activities such as cavern excavation and tunnel mining, can be realized in a physical model. Model test monitoring technologies and data processing methods are used for data collection, processing and interpretation in the entire testing process. It is recommended to further refine the similarity theories for simulating the whole process of engineering disasters, optimize the performance of similar materials, develop refined preparation technologies of complex three-dimensional structures, similar revivification technologies of multi-field coupling environments, high-quality reproduction technologies of engineering activities, and whole-domain multi-source intelligent monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation properties and performance evaluation of reused ballast with waste tire-derived aggregates","authors":"Stanislav Lenart,&nbsp;Siva Ram Karumanchi","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluates the shear strength characteristics, deformation properties, and degradation behavior of limestone-based reused ballast (RB) material by mixing crumbs of waste tire-derived aggregates (TDA), focusing on its suitability for railway infrastructure. Conventional large-scale direct shear tests and novel large-scale cyclic simple shear tests were performed to investigate the effects of tire-derived aggregate (TDA) content, with particle sizes varying between 22.4 mm and 50 mm. The results indicate that adding 5 % by the mass of TDA slightly reduced the friction angle from 46.6° to 44.5°, which is not a significant change compared to RB. However, increasing the TDA content to 10 % led to a notable decrease in the friction angle to 41°, highlighting the significant impact of higher TDA content on the shear strength behavior. Further, incorporating 5 % TDA improved the shear modulus and damping ratio relative to RB, which is attributed mainly to the similar larger particle sizes (22.4–50 mm) of TDA. Conversely, at 10 % TDA content, reductions in both shear modulus and damping ratio were observed. The ballast breakage index (BBI), evaluated through cyclic simple shear tests, showed a significant decrease from 15 % for RB to 9.5 % for the ballast sample containing 5 % TDA. Additionally, increased TDA content enhanced material durability, reducing Los Angeles abrasion (LAA) losses from an initial 33.5 to under 30 % at 5 % TDA. These findings demonstrate that incorporating 5 % by mass of TDA into RB material is optimal for enhancing deformation characteristics and reducing ballast degradation while maintaining adequate shear strength. This sustainable approach facilitates the recycling of waste materials, promotes a circular economy, and helps maintain safe and stable railway track conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response of a multi-layered saturated ground with a tunnel subjected to braking moving loads","authors":"Hao Lei ,&nbsp;Zhi Lyu ,&nbsp;Jian-Gu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical solution to the dynamic responses of a multi-layered saturated ground with a tunnel subjected to instantaneous braking loads is developed using the interconversion between the plane and cylindrical waves and transmission reflection matrix. The effects of braking loads (horizontal-vertical moving loads), speed and frequency of loads, and soil stiffness and permeability on dynamic responses of the tunnel-ground system are investigated. The results indicate that the horizontal displacements of the tunnel lining and the dynamic shear stresses of the saturated ground are significantly underestimated when braking loads are neglected. The dynamic responses of the tunnel lining and the surrounding saturated ground also depend on the magnitude of load speed and frequency. The stiffness and permeability of the saturated ground have a considerable effect on the dynamic responses of the tunnel-ground system. The dynamic stresses and pore pressure increase as the soil stiffness grows while as the permeability of the saturated ground decreases, and this effect of soil stiffness and permeability on the dynamic responses gradually diminishes with growing speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field implementation of a rational Otta seal mix design for enhanced performance on low-volume roads","authors":"Md Jibon ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Masrur Mahedi ,&nbsp;Halil Ceylan ,&nbsp;Sunghwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-volume roads connecting rural communities and agricultural fields face unique challenges due to heavy traffic and constrained budgets for maintenance and rehabilitation. The Otta seal surfacing technique utilizing bituminous material and graded aggregates to create a durable road surface has emerged as a promising solution. This study explores a rational mix design, a modified McLeod method, for Otta seal application considering local material properties, and compares it with existing design guidelines. The study involves constructing test sections following a rational design technique and conventional Overby recommended guidelines. The performance of the test sections was assessed by testing skid resistance, surface roughness, dust generation, and structural stiffness over a two-year period. The test section constructed following the modified McLeod method outperformed sections built per traditional Overby guidelines in terms of cost-effectiveness and overall performance. Specifically, the test section that was constructed using the modified McLeod method exhibited the lowest roughness, dust, and loose aggregate from the surface. Results from life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the economic benefits of the rational mix design technique, demonstrating the economic advantages of the rational mix design, showcasing lower construction and maintenance costs. By adapting the modified McLeod method to suit the local aggregate materials, engineers can achieve more appropriate and accurate application rates for both aggregates and binders, thereby optimizing the performance of the overall mixture. The study contributes practical insights for optimizing Otta-seal surfacing, emphasizing the significance of using local material properties and rational mix design for enhancing the longevity and cost-effectiveness of low-volume roads in Iowa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rutting performance prediction of flexible airfield pavements using nonlinear mechanistic models for asphalt and granular layers","authors":"Ghaith A. Khresat ,&nbsp;Masoud K. Darabi ,&nbsp;Dallas N. Little","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rutting performance of flexible airfield pavements is simulated by incorporating the permanent deformation of asphalt and granular layers. To achieve accurate predictions, airfield pavements are treated as a unified system, where the total rutting is the cumulative sum of the permanent deformation contributions from each layer.</div><div>A nonlinear viscoelastic-viscoplastic model is employed to simulate the response of the asphalt concrete layer, accounting for its time-dependent and plastic behavior. For the granular layers, a modified Drucker-Prager non-associative plasticity model with evolving hardening is utilized. The evolving hardening function captures the microstructural changes in granular materials under cyclic loading, enabling the model to represent the progressive increase in permanent deformation with repeated load applications.</div><div>These advanced constitutive models are implemented in the standalone PANDA-AP software (Pavement Analysis using Nonlinear Damage Approach: Airfield Pavements), specifically designed to predict the performance of airfield pavements. PANDA-AP is used to simulate the response of Construction Cycle 3 (CC3) test sections evaluated at the National Airfield Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF). Results demonstrate that PANDA-AP effectively predicts both the overall rutting and the layer-specific rutting behavior.</div><div>Finally, comparisons are presented between simulations conducted using PANDA-AP and those performed with FAARFIELD software, highlighting the capabilities and differences of these modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Dielectric Constant and Electrical Conductivity to Estimate Cement Content in Stabilized Subgrade Soils","authors":"Zack Hall ,&nbsp;S. Sonny Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement stabilization is a standard method used to strengthen fine-grained soils that are locally available and prepare them for pavement construction. Flexible pavements over cement-stabilized soils commonly experience mild reflective cracking originating from the shrinkage cracks on top of the stabilized layer. The severity of this form of reflective cracking is correlated to inadequate soil–cement construction practices which include thin stabilized layers, low compaction, deviations in cement content from the mix design, and rapid moisture loss. Consequently, these construction issues can significantly reduce the flexible pavement strength and overall life cycle. In this study, a non-destructive quality assurance method using a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and percometer was developed to capture stabilized soil’s inconsistent cement content and hydration rates. A predictive model derived from laboratory testing was created based on the distinct hydration rates, dielectric constants, and electrical conductivities associated with different water and cement contents. Laboratory testing shows that GPR can detect these inconsistencies in cement-stabilized layers within the first seven days after construction through non-destructive testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and prediction of surface deformation along railways lines in karst areas using multi-source data − a case study of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway in China","authors":"Zhixing Deng ,&nbsp;Yuanxingzi He ,&nbsp;Yongwei Li ,&nbsp;Linrong Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Xiao ,&nbsp;Qian Su","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Karst collapse seriously affects the safe operation of railways. Identifying the instability target areas along the railway and capturing its deformation trend is one of the most effective methods for controlling this hazard. However, the traditional methods of monitoring and analyzing deformation along the railway line are too single, resulting in the inability to carry out comprehensive identification of deformation and advance prediction. Hence, a method using multi-source data is proposed to monitor and predict surface deformation along railway lines in karst areas. Taking the Guangzhou part of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway in China as an example, the hazards and adjacent human engineering activities along the railway are monitored by using multi-source means of “Space-Air-Ground” at first. Secondly, taking the time-series deformation values as the data basis, the wavelet transform (<em>WT</em>) algorithm is used to reduce the noise of the time-series deformation in the three historical subgrade karst collapse points. Five classical machine learning (<em>ML</em>) models are used for the prediction analysis of the deformation, and the optimal <em>ML</em> model is utilized to advance prediction. The results show: 1) There are two settlement target areas along the railway, and the settlement range is expanding and the cumulative settlement increases year by year in 2021–2023, with the maximum cumulative settlement of −118.01 mm. 2) The characteristic points in Area A continue to sink from 2019 to 2023, with a maximum cumulative settlement of −108.01 mm. The characteristic points in Area B continue to sink from 2021 to June 2023 due to disturbance from adjacent projects. 3) The prediction effect of the <em>WT-LSTM</em> is optimal through prediction analysis, and the scale of future deformation prediction is about one year based on the results of the advance prediction. The research findings can provide key technical support for the identification and early prevention of settlement hazards along railways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning techniques for evaluation of permanent deformation responses from geogrid stabilized pavements","authors":"Prajwol Tamrakar ,&nbsp;Jayhyun Kwon ,&nbsp;Mark H. Wayne","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permanent deformation reduction (a.k.a., rut resistance capacity) and stiffness improvement are two key features of geogrid stabilized pavements. Furthermore, geogrids also contribute to preserving the uniformity of the stiffness distribution over a wide area, proving the increased reliability provided by stabilization. In most common pavement design and evaluation methodologies, permanent deformation is an essential component for long-term pavement performance assessment. For example, the AASHTO (Association of State Highway Transportation Officials) R50 standard considers permanent deformation for the derivation of the traffic benefit ratio (TBR) or base course reduction (BCR) factor. Although full-scale accelerated pavement testing or in-service pavement testing is ideal for assessing permanent deformation responses, such testing may not be feasible to perform in a wide range of situations, including diverse subgrade types, climatic zones, and material types. An alternative is to use large-scale plate load testing for in-situ material characterization. Automated Plate Load Testing (APLT) is a field-based plate load testing system for applying dynamic loads and measuring permanent and resilient deformations. For this paper, APLTs were conducted to measure permanent deformations on several pavement sections consisting of different aggregate base course (ABC) thicknesses, ABC material types, multi-axial geogrids, and subgrade conditions. Several machine learning techniques, including Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA), Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Customized Non-linear Regression (CNR), Traditional Machine Learning (TML), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were explored to develop prediction models for permanent deformation. Among the TML models, Extra Tree, XGBoost, and LightGBM demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness against overfitting. These models effectively captured the complex interactions between model parameters, making them suitable for evaluating geogrid-stabilized pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fault dislocation on the deformation and damage behavior of ballastless track structures in tunnels","authors":"Xuhao Cui ,&nbsp;Yapeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du ,&nbsp;Hong Xiao ,&nbsp;Hongbin Xu ,&nbsp;Yanliang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the mechanical behavior of slab track structures within railway tunnels that traverse fault zones. By combining the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model with the finite element method, a coupled simulation model of the slab track-tunnel-surrounding rock system has been established. The analysis primarily centers on the effects of fault dislocation on the stress, deformation, and damage characteristics of both CRTS II and CRTS III slab tracks, with the former featuring longitudinally connected track slabs and the latter characterized by unit-type track slabs. The results demonstrate that under normal fault dislocation, track irregularity, structural damage, and the interlayer gap all increase as fault displacement grows. Owing to its relatively higher structural stiffness, the CRTS II slab track is more susceptible to stress concentration, thereby leading to more severe damage to the track slab and base plate, as well as larger interlayer gaps. Specifically, the maximum damage variable of the track slab in the CRTS II slab track is 16 times that of the CRTS III slab track, and its maximum interlayer gap is 1.3 times larger than that of CRTS III slab track. By contrast, the unit-type design of the CRTS III slab track endows it with better adaptability to foundation deformation and mitigates stress concentration. However, this design leads to more increased track irregularity. The maximum upward bending deflection of the rail on the hanging wall side of the fault in the CRTS III slab track is twice as large as that of the CRTS II slab track. Under reverse fault dislocation, compared to normal fault dislocation, the compressive effects reduce structural damage, yet the trends of deformation and interlayer contact remain consistent with the variation of fault displacement. This research offers valuable insights for the design and maintenance of high-speed railway tracks within tunnels that cross fault zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field data-based prediction of local scour depth around bridge piers using interpretable machine learning","authors":"Taeyoon Kim ,&nbsp;Azmayeen R. Shahriar ,&nbsp;Woo-Dong Lee ,&nbsp;Yongjin Choi ,&nbsp;Siyoon Kwon ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Gabr.","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local pier scour is one of the leading causes of bridge failure worldwide. It occurs when flowing water generates shear stresses at the water–sediment interface, leading to the erosion of soil particles or mass around the pier foundation. In this study, an efficient and accurate machine learning approach is developed for predicting local scour depth around bridge piers. Initially, the field data from the US geological survey database were preprocessed and divided into training, validation, and test sets. The hyperparameters of the models were then adjusted using Bayesian optimization and 5-fold cross-validation. Among the three machine learning models considered in this study, the eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB) model achieved the highest accuracy, which was significantly higher than those realized by four local scour estimation equations utilized in the study. To improve the interpretability of machine learning as a black-box model, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to interpret the predictions of the XGB model. Interpretable ML analysis indicated that <span><math><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>b</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> was the most influential factor, aligning with the focus on assessing the scour magnitude. In addition, the machine learning interpretation also indicates that the patterns captured by the XGB model are consistent with the theoretical understanding of factors affecting the local scour, thereby validating that the proposed model achieves reasonable predictions. Finally, the gap between laboratory and field data is explained, and a method to address such a gap is proposed considering accuracy and conservatism levels in the assessed scour atudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}