Transportation Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Novel method to estimate the stiffness of compacted granular geomaterials","authors":"Samuel Valencia-Díaz ,&nbsp;Jacob D.R. Bordón ,&nbsp;J. Yepes ,&nbsp;Juan J. Aznárez ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Franesqui","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transport infrastructure involves the use of large volumes of compacted geomaterials, leading to significant economic and environmental impacts that need to be addressed in all stages of the project. A new laboratory procedure to estimate the stiffness of embankments, subgrades, granular bases and subbases is proposed. The utilization of well-established and simple equipment results in an easy-to-conduct and cost-effective method that combines the compaction procedure of a Modified Proctor test with the loading scheme of a repetitive static plate load test, adapted to the reduced geometry of this new ‘miniature plate load test’ (mPLT). This enables the estimation of the compaction characteristics and the vertical strain modulus in a single test. Subsequently, the elastic modulus needed for analytical design is derived through back-calculation using a numerical model. Soil specimens were tested using different gradations, compaction energies and moisture contents to generate various regression surfaces that correlate the variables of interest. Furthermore, the laboratory strain modulus obtained from this test was compared with full-scale static plate load tests conducted in the field. The results show that this methodology could become a valuable reference test to aid in the design and quality control of compacted fills for civil infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibratory probe compaction of recycled concrete aggregates: Unveiling force and energy transfer mechanisms with particle redistribution","authors":"Zhaochi Lu ,&nbsp;Huan He ,&nbsp;Guangyin Du ,&nbsp;Kostas Senetakis ,&nbsp;Zhongxun Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Guojun Cai ,&nbsp;Songyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global rise in construction waste has increased the use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), which show potential as fill materials in geotechnical engineering despite weak mechanical properties due to cement mortar coatings. This study examines the effectiveness of vibratory probe compaction in enhancing RCA properties through model tests. Optimal compaction parameters, including a frequency of 11.2 Hz and duration of 80 s, were determined. Vibration and soil pressure sensors revealed energy transfer concentrated near the probe tip, significantly increasing horizontal stress, particularly in deeper layers, where it rose up to eightfold. Light-weight dynamic cone penetrometer tests showed a 3–6 fold increase in blow counts, correlating with a 19.7 % density improvement. Gradation analysis indicated particle segregation, with smaller particles settling downward and larger ones moving upward, though minimal global breakage occurred. Extra fines are observed at the base produced from mortar abrasion which in turn, allowed the enhancement of intergranular contact development, therefore improving overall stiffness and strength. These findings confirm that vibratory probe compaction effectively improves RCA's mechanical properties, demonstrating strong potential for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into the stability of unsaturated embankments with different suction profiles","authors":"Leonardo Maria Lalicata ,&nbsp;Gorizia D’Alessio ,&nbsp;Francesca Casini","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As-compacted soil embankments are partially saturated and, during their lifetime, they experience changes in water content and suction according to interaction with the atmosphere and the groundwater table. However, conventional slope stability assessments often assume either dry or fully saturated conditions, which can lead to inaccurate predictions. This paper presents an analytical framework for the analysis of the stability of unsaturated embankments under different suction profiles. The limit equilibrium analysis is extended to unsaturated slopes by incorporating matric suction, degree of saturation, and rainfall infiltration. A novel design chart is introduced to illustrate the interplay between the hydromechanical parameters of the slope, its geometry, the position of the groundwater table, and the infiltration profile. The outcomes demonstrate the significance of suction and saturation distributions in the sustainable planning and safety evaluation of embankments, offering meaningful perspectives for enhancing design methodologies and prevent failures in unsaturated engineered slopes. A key finding is the identification of the transition infiltration depth, which delineates the shift from deep to shallow slip surfaces. If the wetting front remains above this threshold, the design chart remains applicable. However, if it extends beyond this depth, a more comprehensive stability analysis is required. The method has been successfully used to predict the safety factor of engineered slopes under different suction profiles. Serving also as a benchmark for more advanced stability analyses, the design chart provides engineers with a practical tool for integrating unsaturated soil behaviour into geotechnical design, enhancing risk assessment and failure prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave finite element method for computing the dynamic response of periodic structures with transition zones and subjected to moving loads: Application to railways tracks with damaged or reinforced zones","authors":"B. Claudet ,&nbsp;D. Duhamel ,&nbsp;G. Foret ,&nbsp;T. Hoang ,&nbsp;F. Sabatier","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of transition zones linking two semi-infinite periodic structures is the subject of numerous researches, particularly in the railway track domain. For periodic structures, the Wave Finite Element (WFE) method is a numerical method helping the computation of the dynamics of these structures by reducing the consideration of the spatial domain to a few periods consisting of domains whose properties differ from those of the two right and left semi-infinite periodic structures. The WFE method firstly consists in reducing the degrees of freedom (DoFs) of one spatial period (substructure) to those of the borders of this substructure. Then, using the Floquet’s theorem, these DoFs are computed by the mean of a wave analysis. This article presents new developments in the Wave Finite Element (WFE) method to compute the mechanical response of transition zones linking two semi-infinite periodic structures, with the aim of making complex computations affordable and of reducing the computation time. The WFE method is applied on each periodic structure to write the response of the boundaries of the central zone in terms of left-going and right-going waves. Some amplitudes of these waves can be directly computed from the external load. To get the unknown wave amplitudes, the wave equations are combined with the dynamic equilibrium equation of the central zone. Thus, this method reduces the computation of the dynamics of a structure containing a transition zone linking two semi-infinite periodic zones to a wave problem at the boundaries of the transition zone coupled to a FEM modelling of the transition zone. In this paper, writing the problem only in terms of wave amplitude allows a much better conditioning of the linear system giving the solution to the problem compared to classical methods combining wave amplitudes and usual degrees of freedom at the mesh nodes. Special developments are made to account for moving loads on the whole infinite structure. The case of moving loads is particularly considered because of its applications to railways. For simple geometries, numerical studies show a strong agreement between results obtained with this method and other experimental and analytical results. More complex examples are given for railways tracks with damaged or reinforced zones. The calculation of stresses and damage criteria in components of the track for healthy, damaged and repaired railway tracks shows the interest in repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental studies and sustainability assessments of use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in pavement layers","authors":"Uddav Ghimire,&nbsp;Tejo Bheemasetti","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the feasibility and sustainability benefits of incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) into subgrade and subbase layers, aiming to reduce cement consumption in soil stabilization practices. The rising volume of RAP waste, driven by road maintenance activities, presents environmental and economic challenges. While previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of RAP in base and subbase layers when blended with aggregate materials, studies focusing on RAP for soil stabilization in subgrade and subbase layers are limited. This study presents experimental results on various mix designs, including Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests to evaluate their strength with and without exposure to Wetting-Drying (W-D) cycles. The findings indicate that RAP-cement mixes with reduced cement content- 15 % RAP with 4 % cement (S-4C-15RAP) and 20 % RAP with 6 % cement (S-6C-20RAP)- meet the 7-day strength requirements for subgrade and subbase layers, similar to the conventional 8 % cement mix (S-8C). Durability tests demonstrated that these RAP-cement mixes retained more than 70 % of their strength after 14 W-D cycles, outperforming mixes with higher cement content. Microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed strong bonds between RAP particles and cement hydration products, contributing to improved strength and durability. A multi-criteria sustainability assessment revealed that incorporating RAP with lower cement dosages significantly reduced both environmental and economic impacts. The sustainability index (<em>I_SUS</em>) for S-4C-15RAP was 49 % lower than the traditional 8 % cement mix (S-8C), highlighting RAP’s potential as a sustainable alternative. These findings suggest that RAP can effectively reduce cement content in soil stabilization, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional cement-based methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle Geometry Space: An integrated characterization of particle shape, surface area, volume, specific surface, and size distribution","authors":"Priya Tripathi,&nbsp;Seung Jae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle <em>size</em> and <em>shape</em> are the two key 3D particle geometry parameters that govern the complex behavior of granular materials. The effect of particle size and shape has often been examined in isolation, typically through separate analyses of particle size distribution (PSD) and shape distribution, leading to an unaddressed knowledge gap. Beyond size and shape, 3D particle geometry also includes attributes such as <em>surface area</em> and <em>volume</em>, which together defines the <em>surface-area-to-volume ratio</em>, commonly known as the <em>specific surface</em>. To comprehensively understand the influence of particle geometry on the behavior of granular materials, it is important to integrate these parameters, ideally into a single analytical framework. To this end, this paper presents a new approach, <em>particle geometry space</em> (<em>PGS</em>), formulated based on the principle that the key 3D particle geometry attributes – <em>volume</em>, <em>surface area</em>, and <em>shape</em> – can be uniformly expressed as a function of <em>specific surface</em>. The PGS not only encompasses all 3D particle geometry attributes but also extends its scope by integrating the conventional PSD concept. This innovation enables engineers and researchers who are already familiar with PSD to perform a more systematic characterization of 3D particle geometries. The paper (i) discusses the limitations of existing methods for characterizing 3D particle geometry, (ii) offers an overview of the PGS, (iii) proposes a method for integrating PSD into the PGS, and (iv) demonstrates its application with a set of 3D mineral particle geometry data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evolutionary optimized automated machine learning approach to soil unconfined compressive strength prediction for sustainable transportation infrastructure","authors":"Leonardo Goliatt ,&nbsp;Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon ,&nbsp;Zaher Mundher Yaseen ,&nbsp;Salim Heddam ,&nbsp;Ahmed W. Al Zand ,&nbsp;Bijay Halder ,&nbsp;Mou Leong Tan ,&nbsp;Zulfaqar Sa’adi ,&nbsp;Iman Ahmadianfar ,&nbsp;Salah Elsayed","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil chemical stabilization recommendations use treated soils’ unconfined compressive strength (UCS) as the main acceptance criterion in laboratory tests. However, optimizing UCS supplemental content requires a human- and financial-intensive trial-and-error process. Data intelligence models enhance automatized scientific sampling procedures, limit laboratory testing, and provide useful information regarding stabilization adequacy without producing preliminary samples. This research proposes an evolutionary algorithm-assisted automated gradient boosting model to predict the UCS values from datasets from diverse sources. A grey wolf optimization algorithm is integrated into the gradient boosting training procedure, determining its best internal parameters and helping to select the most relevant input variables. Comparative evaluations on six recently published datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model compared to existing approaches. The optimized models produced better results than the benchmark models reported in the literature, with average coefficients of determination ranging from 0.723 to 0.928. The hybrid models with evolutionary feature selection achieved comparable performance while reducing the number of input variables between 16% and 54%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic resilience assessment of highway embankments: considering damage measure of hysteretic energy dissipation","authors":"Junyao Tang ,&nbsp;Siyu Chen ,&nbsp;Lingkun Chen ,&nbsp;Binshuang Zheng ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide spatial distribution of highway transportation infrastructure increases its exposure to earthquakes during its service life, thereby raising the risk of damage, particularly for structures with high vulnerability. Therefore, the concept of seismic resilience has attracted extensive attention from academia and the engineering community in recent years. Previous researches on the seismic performance of embankments focused on fragility analysis, and permanent ground displacement (<em>PGD</em>) from field investigations was adopted as a damage measure (<em>DM</em>). However, it cannot explicitly reflect the dynamic response and damage mechanism during earthquakes, and whether it can precisely reflect the damage state (<em>DS</em>) also requires further research. In addition, some preliminary frameworks have been established for the seismic resilience of embankments, but there are no quantitative assessment methods and results. In view of this, a complete framework including hazard analysis, fragility analysis and resilience assessment is proposed to evaluate the seismic resilience of a high-filled embankment. To effectively reflect the damage mechanism of the structure, the <em>DM</em> of hysteretic energy dissipation and corresponding classification criteria of different <em>DS</em>s are established. The dynamic response and damage mechanism of embankments are analyzed through finite element nonlinear dynamic analysis, and the fragility analysis is carried out based on the <em>DM</em> of hysteretic energy dissipation. Ultimately, the resilience of embankments at different seismic scenarios is evaluated by combining the restoration functions under different <em>DS</em>s, and the effects of embankment height and embankment slope gradient are analyzed to effectively guide the seismic design. The results show that at the peak ground acceleration (<em>PGA</em>) of 0.4 g, the resilience of the embankment shows a significant decrease due to the lower robustness and rapidity, and the resilience index decreases to 0.79. The resilience index shows a nonlinear decreasing trend with the increase of embankment height, and the corresponding resilience indexes of the embankments with the heights of 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m are 0.85, 0.83, 0.79 at the <em>PGA</em> of 0.4 g. As the slope gradient is reduced, the resilience of the embankment has a significant enhancement only when the <em>PGA</em> is greater than 0.2 g, and the resilience indexes under the slope gradients of 1:1.75, 1:2, and 1:2.25 are 0.79, 0.82, and 0.83 at the <em>PGA</em> of 0.4 g. The resilience enhancement realized by the slope grading has a significant marginal effect. The framework is an extension of the traditional seismic performance analysis to optimize the pre-disaster seismic design and post-disaster restoration process, which is important to ensure the normal operation of the highway system and reduce the socio-economic costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of transition section treatments between bridge and regular track using DEM coupled simulation","authors":"Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei Tai ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Rui","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of four treatment measures—wedge-shape backfill, asphalt mat, concrete slab approach, and stone column installation—on the dynamic performance of railway transition zones, using a coupled Discrete Element Method and Multibody Dynamics model. A 24 m long full-scale three-dimensional model of the transition section, including the discrete ballast particles and discontinuous subgrade elements, was developed to simulate uneven settlement under cyclic M-wave train loads and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments. The results reveal that all treatments significantly reduced the uneven settlement of the track, with wedge-shape backfill and stone column treatments showing the most promising results, reducing uneven settlement by 42.2 % and 41.1 %, respectively. These treatments also improved the load-bearing capacity of the ballast layer by increasing particle contacts and reducing particle movement. The stone column method notably suppressed particle movement in the ballast layer by distributing the applied load more effectively. In contrast, the asphalt mat and concrete slab methods showed moderate improvements. This study highlights the importance of enhancing subgrade stiffness in transition zones to mitigate settlement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation of strength evolution in organic soils improved by deep mixing method","authors":"Hossein Zoriyeh Aligholi ,&nbsp;Ilknur Bozbey","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of deep soil mixing (DSM) in enhancing the strength and modulus of organic soils. The research evaluates how varying cement types, binder dosages, water-to-cement (w/c) ratios, and curing durations affect the mechanical properties of two different organic soils that were used; natural soil from the Golden Horn region of Istanbul with 12.4% organic content, and an artificial soil created from a 50/50 mixture of Kaolin clay and Leonardite, which has an acidic pH due to high organic content. The specimens were cured for four durations, ranging from seven days to one year. The testing program included mechanical testing; Unconfined Compression Tests (UCS), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) measurements, and chemical analyses; X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The UCS tests indicated that higher binder dosages and extended curing durations significantly improved the strength. Higher w/c ratios resulted in decreased strength. Long curing durations resulted in strength values which were four times the 28-day strength values. This amplified effect of strength gain in longer durations was evaluated through “Curing time effect index, (f_c)”. The results were presented in terms of cement dosage effect, effect of cement type, effect of total water/cement ratio (w_t/c), standard deviation values, E₅₀ values and curing time effect index (f_c) values respectively. Results of UPV tests were used to develop correlations between strength and ultrasonic pulse velocities. Quantitative evaluations were made using the results of XRF and TGA analyses and strength. Significant amount of data was produced both in terms of mechanical of chemical analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}