Transportation Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic and static compaction methods deriving different strain evolutions under cyclic loading for silt and its microscopic interpretation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To satisfy the economic requirements and reduce the impact to the surrounding buildings and underground structures, the dynamic compaction (heavy tamping) and static compaction are combined used in the soil filling for airport subgrade. Despite compaction the subgrades in the same degree of compaction, the subgrades filled by dynamic and static compaction method show different increase potential in the permanent strain under cyclic loading, which then further result in the differential settlement and safety problems. This study firstly investigated the<!--> <!-->compaction characteristics under static compaction and different dynamic compaction scheme, during which the static and dynamic compaction strain and stress evolutions were monitored. The cyclic triaxial tests were then performed to investigate the sample preparation method derived difference in permanent strain under cyclic loading. Furthermore, to provide a microscopic interpretation to this difference, the pore size distributions of the silt samples based on mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test and the internal particle contact stresses from discrete element method (DEM) simulation were respectively explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The dynamic compaction processes can be divided into rapid and slow compaction strain stages determined by strain growth rate and compaction numbers, which further influences the homogeneity of soil samples; (2) The statically compacted samples have more significant permanent strain than the dynamic ones due to the localized stress concentration and different pore microstructures; the permanent strain increases with dynamic compaction energy until a stable stage is reached. (3) The MIP results show that the dynamic compaction transforms<!--> <!-->the macropores into mesopores; the higher compaction energy enhances this transforming effect but results in a decrease in the overall homogeneity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed particle breakage of crushable granular materials under cyclic shearing conditions using dyed gypsum technique","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particle breakage of granular materials under cyclic shearing is related to a variety of engineering problems in geotechnical and transportation engineering. However, there is limited understanding regarding the detailed evolution law of breakage under cyclic shearing. To this end, a series of cyclic simple shear tests were conducted on artificially dyed gypsum particles. It was observed that, in contrast to the particle size distribution of the whole sample, the fractional particle size distributions of gap-graded samples followed a unified breakage evolution path as those of the uniformly graded ones and tended towards fractional fractal distributions. These results have inspired the introduction of the fractional breakage index. Moreover, the breakage-plastic work relationship was further extended to describe the breakage of fractional particles, incorporating the effect of the number of cycles on the plastic work distribution. Finally, based on the concept of breakage-packing, a predictive model for plastic work-breakage-deformation of crushable granular materials under cyclic shearing was proposed. These results have the potential in understanding the detailed particle breakage evolution and establishing a predictive framework for the breakage-induced deformation of crushable granular materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved determination of the S-wave velocity of rocks in dry and saturated conditions: Application of machine-learning algorithms","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The determination of S-wave velocity (V_s) is of significant importance in various engineering disciplines, including mining, civil, and geotechnical engineering. It is beneficial to indirectly determine V_s under both dry and saturated conditions and to understand its relationship with influencing input variables: coring depth (H), durability index (DI), water content (W_a), dry density (ρ_d), saturated density (ρ_s), and porosity (n). In this study, we evaluate these relationships using three multiple machine-learning algorithms (MLAs): artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy inference system (FIS), and gene expression programming (GEP), alongside a linear regression method (LRM) and predict both dry S-wave velocity (V_s-dry) and saturated S-wave velocity (V_s-sat) of rocks. The research involves the analysis of 90 datasets derived from samples of schist, phyllite, and sandstone rocks collected from Azad and Bakhtiari dam sites in Iran. The diversity of these datasets is a key advantage of this study, providing a solid foundation for models training and testing while enhancing the models’ generalizability. Model optimization techniques are employed in the Python, MATLAB, GenXProTools, and SPSS environments to identify the most effective versions of ANN, FIS, GEP, and LRM models, respectively. The prediction performance analysis reveals that all applied models yield acceptable levels of accuracy for predicting V_s-dry and V_s-sat. However, GEP emerges as the best model for predicting both V_s-dry and V_s-sat. The ANN and FIS models also achieve high levels of accuracy, while LRM performs comparatively less well. Additionally, sensitivity analysis conducted using the cosine amplitude method (CAM) highlights the influence of different variables on V_s-dry and V_s-sat. The ρ_d is found to be the most influential parameter on V_s-dry, whereas DI exhibits the least impact. Conversely, the ρ_s significantly affects V_s-sat, while W_a shows the lowest impact. The exceptional performance of these proposed MLAs confirms their applicability in real-world rock engineering and geotechnics projects, offering precise determination of V_s. The diversity of studied rock types and datasets, along with the use of cost-effective and easy measurable inputs, the determination of V_s in both dry and saturated status, and the application of robust MLAs for V_s determination are the main novelties of this study. However, further researches involving additional datasets and more rock types are required to validate these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal structural resilience of shield tunnel: Characterization and field application","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The longitudinal structural resilience performance of shield tunnels is an important concern given the dramatic development of underground systems and the increasing demand for maintenance work. In this paper, a new model using longitudinal relative differential settlement as the index of tunnel structural resilience performance is proposed. The resilience metric (<em>Re</em>) is defined as the ratio of the area integrated by the residual performance during environmental disruptions to the area integrated by the normal performance for the corresponding duration. Then, the proposed resilience analysis model is applied to a well-documented case in Shanghai, where the existing metro tunnel is disrupted by a newly constructed large-diameter shield tunnel undercrossing and subsequently repaired by soil grouting. The variations of tunnel settlement concerning construction parameters and driving distance of the shield machine are analyzed. The performance degradation characteristics of the tunnel during disruption and recovery are effectively captured. The results show that 32.3 % of the performance loss is attributed to the new tunnel undercrossing in the first 38 days. After the completion of the grouting reinforcement, the tunnel performance is improved from 0.677 to 0.868, accounting for approximately 59.1 % of the performance loss during the crossing period. Moreover, the resilience metric (<em>Re</em>) is calculated as 0.764, indicating a high level of resilience for the existing metro tunnel in this case. In addition, other performance indexes based on tunnel longitudinal settlement are discussed, demonstrating the good rationality and applicability of the proposed index.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tunnel Floor Heave on the Deformation and Damage Behavior of Ballastless Track Structures in High-Speed Railways","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extensive development of high-speed railways in mountainous areas has underscored the significant challenge posed by tunnel floor heave, affecting the operational reliability of ballastless tracks. Such heave induces track deformation and structural impairments, critically undermining the operational safety and track serviceability. This investigation enhances the understanding of ballastless tracks’ mechanical responses to tunnel floor heave by introducing a sophisticated nonlinear analytical model that encapsulates the interplay between the track system, tunnel infrastructure, and the encasing geological environment. Utilizing the concrete damaged plasticity approach to model the track’s concrete structure, this research integrates these parameters with the track’s numerical representation, taking into account the role of internal reinforcement. Through an in-depth examination of track deformation, the interstitial gap, and damage progression within the track, it is demonstrated that comprehensive consideration of both the material’s constitutive model and reinforcement structuring is imperative. The analysis results indicate that the heave’s amplitude and wavelength exert limited influence on the deformation amplitude ratio, whereas variations in heave characteristics significantly alter the wavelength transmission ratio, engendering a distinct “M” shaped gap profile. It is observed that the propensity for material damage escalates in areas experiencing pronounced tensile stress, particularly under conditions of reduced wavelength and increased amplitude heave, necessitating prioritized attention in track maintenance protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of biochar for low-emission soft clay stabilization using CO2 curing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Use of traditional lime-cement binders on stabilizing soft sensitive clays pose a significant challenge for the construction sector to reach Finland’s carbon neutrality goals by 2030. Traditional stabilization recipes consisting of cement as binders contributing significantly to CO₂ emissions (<span><math><mo>≅</mo></math></span> 500 kg CO₂ eq./ton in deep mixing alone). This laboratory study explores the feasibility of achieving near carbon-negative stabilization of soft clay leveraging accelerated CO₂ curing (ACC) in biochar (BC) enhanced cementitious composites. BC, a by-product of the biofuel industry, is used as partial replacement of cement (0 %, 10 %, and 50 % of binder) in developing precast cementitious piles. One non-carbonated treatment and two ACC treatments are employed to assess their uniaxial compressive strength, thermogravimetric properties and CO₂ sequestration capacity. The results demonstrate that synergistic effects of using BC with ACC not only enhances the compressive strength of the composites but also promotes CO₂ uptake due to formation of stable carbonates. BC due to its surface functional groups, honeycomb porous structure, and hydrophilicity facilitated uniform CO₂ diffusion in the clay matrix and likely improved internal curing. In ACC treated composites, the replacement of 50 % of cement with BC resulted in sufficient load-bearing capacity (≥50 kPa as per Finnish Guidelines) for both shallow and deep clay layers, making a suitable subgrade media for many types of geotechnical applications. The measured bound CO₂ increased gravimetrically from 2 % to 41 % when cement was partially replaced by BC. In case of non-carbonated samples, 10 % partial replacement of BC provided high strength (<span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mn>200</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a case study of utilizing BC stabilized clay in deep mixing operations can potentially reduce net carbon emissions to −50 kg CO₂ eq./ton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214391224001910/pdfft?md5=9d674a13669b692ee227a0bee58a1db6&pid=1-s2.0-S2214391224001910-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Rules of Ground Settlement and Pipeline Deformation Considering the Combined Effects of Pipeline Damage Leakage and Shield Tunneling Construction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A pipeline with long-term “hidden leakage” will greatly reduce the stability of the ground between the pipeline and tunnel in the process of tunneling through existing pipelines in unsaturated soil. Excessive settlement of the surrounding strata and pipelines can occur when the shield excavation face approaches below a pipeline, which can lead to engineering accidents. This study is based on a self-developed model experimental system for tunneling through an existing pipeline with a double-line tunnel shield. The ground settlement and pipeline deformation caused by shield construction with small-scale and no leakages are investigated. An experimental study is conducted and the accuracy of the results is verified through a comparison with theoretical solutions. The results demonstrate that there is a significant increase in ground settlement and pipeline deformation under the influence of leakage water. It is also determined that the displacement field generated by the excavation of a double-line tunnel is not simply a superposition of the displacement field generated by the excavation of a single-line tunnel. The repeated disturbances caused by the excavation of a double-line tunnel significantly influences the redistribution of the displacement field. Additionally, a three-dimensional (3D) model of shield construction considering the influence of pipeline leakage is established. This study discusses the ground settlement and pipeline deformation patterns caused by changes in the vertical and horizontal leakage diffusion ranges. The computational results indicate that the diffusion depth of a leakage is the primary factor controlling the extent of settlement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of subgrade spatial variability on strain-alleviating ability of geogrids and rutting life in flexible pavement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study employs the Random Field Finite Difference Analysis to assess how subgrade spatial variability impacts geogrid reinforcement’s strain-alleviating ability and the reinforced pavement’s rutting life. The geogrid’s abilities to reduce critical strains are evaluated using a strain-alleviating ratio and compared between deterministic and spatially variable scenarios. The analysis involves six geogrid reinforcement arrangements, considering two kinds of geogrid stiffness (G1 and G2) and three typical positions: top (L1), mid-depth (L1-2) and bottom (L2) of the base course. Key findings include: (a) Subgrade spatial variability significantly amplifies mean critical strains and leads to irregular strain and stress distributions, which in turn impacts the strain-alleviating ability of the geogrid reinforcements and potentially changes the optimal geogrid position. (b) The impacts of subgrade spatial variability on the geogrids’ strain-alleviating ability vary with the type of critical strains, the geogrid position, and the coefficient of variation and scale of fluctuation of subgrade modulus. When the geogrid is located at L2 (G_L2), its ability to alleviate critical subgrade strain is significantly compromised. (c) The adverse effect of subgrade spatial variability on the rutting life of G_L2 reinforced pavement is significant and can be mitigated by homogenising a very thin sublayer at the subgrade surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214391224001892/pdfft?md5=9400971d5f00b411de2d0b61f123fa83&pid=1-s2.0-S2214391224001892-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and behaviour of prebored and precast pile with floating pile tip based on A full-scale field static axial load test","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101364","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study investigates the load transfer mechanism of a Prebored and Precast pile (PP pile), constructed installed in accordance with the rules applicable to the Hyper-Straight pile method (HS pile), in clay soils. While the HS pile method, developed in Japan, typically results in high bearing capacity piles in various soil types, its performance in clay soils remains understudied. Our research focuses on a unique configuration where the pile tip “floats” within a soil–cement mixing (SCM) column near the bottom of the borehole, a condition that significantly influences the system’s performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;We conducted a full-scale axial static load test on a 500 mm diameter and 140 mm thickness straight shaft precast prestressed concrete spun pile. The pile was instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges (VWSG) and displacement measuring devices (tell-tales), embedded 15 m deep in a 750 mm diameter SCM column (15.75 m long). The pile tip was positioned 75 cm above the bottom of the borehole, creating a floating condition within the SCM material. Both the pile and the surrounding SCM were instrumented to provide comprehensive data on the system’s behavior.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The test involved two loading–unloading cycles. The 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Cycle reached a maximum load of 3627 kN, resulting in a 75.52 mm pile head settlement. The 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Cycle achieved a maximum load of 4181 kN, leading to a 118.04 mm pile head settlement. In the 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Cycle, we observed upward movement of the SCM material around the shaft after the pile skin friction reached its maximum capacity. Stress at the pile tip exceeded the unconfined compressive strength of the SCM material, indicating potential local shear failure.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contrary to expectations based on HS pile performance in other soil types, the ultimate bearing capacity of our pile was determined to be 2000 kN, comprising 545 kN from skin friction and 1455 kN from end bearing. This result aligns more closely with the behavior of conventional bored pile rather than the “hyper” capacity typically associated with HS pile. Consequently, we classify our pile as a “prebored and precast pile,” like systems used in China and Korea.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our study concludes that the strength of the SCM material and the pile tip location significantly influence the pile’s bearing capacity in clay soils. These findings highlight the critical impact of soil type on the performance of piles constructed using the HS method. The observed behavior suggests that current design methods for HS pile may overestimate capacity in clay conditions, emphasizing the importance of soil-specific analysis and testing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This research contributes to the understanding of PP pile behavior in clay soils, providing valuable insights for geotechnical engineers. It underscores the need for refined prediction models and design methods specific to these soil conditions, paving the way for more accurate and reliable foundation designs","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of resilient modulus and critical dynamic stress of recycled aggregates: Experimental study and machine learning methods","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aimed to investigate the feasibility of partially or completely replacing natural aggregates with recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes for low-carbon-emission use as coarse-grained embankment fill materials. The laboratory specimens were prepared by blending natural and recycled aggregates at varying proportions, and a series of laboratory repeated load triaxial compression tests were carried out to study the effects of material index properties and dynamic stress states on the resilient modulus and permanent strain characteristics. Based on the experimental results and by considering the main influencing parameters of the resilient modulus and permanent deformation, an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model with optimal architecture was developed and optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and its performance and accuracy were verified by supplementary analyses. A shakedown state classification method was proposed based on the unsupervised clustering algorithm, and a prediction model of critical dynamic stress was established based on the machine learning (ML) method and the shakedown state classification results. The research results indicate that the stress state has a greater influence on the resilient modulus and permanent deformation characteristics than other factors, and the shear stress ratio has a significant effect on the shakedown state. The resilient modulus and critical dynamic stress of such specimens vary linearly with confining pressure. The improved PSO-ANN prediction model exhibits high prediction accuracy and robustness, superior to several other commonly used ML regression prediction algorithms. The resilient modulus and critical dynamic stress prediction methods based on ML algorithms can provide technical guidance and theoretical basis for the design and in-service maintenance of similar unbound granular materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}