Arthropod Structure & Development最新文献_第5页

The female reproductive system of the sea spider Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799) 海蜘蛛 Phoxichilidium femoratum（Rathke，1799 年）的雌性生殖系统

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101370

Maria Petrova, Ekaterina Bogomolova

{"title":"The female reproductive system of the sea spider Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799)","authors":"Maria Petrova, Ekaterina Bogomolova","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are marine chelicerates. Current pycnogonid phylogeny based on molecular data remains uncertain and contradicts traditional morphological perspectives. To resolve this conflict, understanding their inner anatomy is crucial. The reproductive system of sea spiders shows promise as a source of phylogenetic signal, yet our knowledge in this area is limited. This study presents the first description of the whole female reproductive system of a sea spider at the ultrastructural level. We suggest a more detailed functional regionalization of the ovary based on the ovarian wall ultrastructure and distribution of oocyte developmental stages. Meiosis begins in the germarium, and oocytes progress to the vitellarium through a transportational zone. Vitellogenic oocytes extend through the vitellarium wall, connected with it by a stalk – specialized cells. Balbiani bodies are present in early vitellogenic oocytes but dissipate later. The formation of the vitelline envelope, yolk, and fertilization envelope involves functionally diverse RER vesicles. The study also identifies a reproductive sinus as a separate haemocoel compartment that may enhance nutrient concentration near vitellogenic oocytes. Additionally, oviduct and gonopore glands are described in the female of <em>P</em>. <em>femoratum</em>, although their specific functions and prevalence in other sea spider species remain unclear.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 101370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The structure of wing in the earliest Permopsocida 最早的 Permopsocida 的翅膀结构

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358

Jakub Prokop , Kateřina Rosová , Martina Pecharová , Pavel Sroka , Angelika Leipner , André Nel

{"title":"The structure of wing in the earliest Permopsocida","authors":"Jakub Prokop , Kateřina Rosová , Martina Pecharová , Pavel Sroka , Angelika Leipner , André Nel","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Permopsocids are small acercarian insects with mouthparts specialized for sucking. They are closely related to Hemiptera and Thysanoptera. The earliest known representatives are from the Early Permian. Here evidence is presented that the Permopsocida occurred even earlier in Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) deposits in the Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück (Lower Saxony, Germany). This material is assigned to the Permian family Psocidiidae; <em>Carbonopsocus mercuryi</em> gen. et sp. nov., based on the wing venation diagnosed by the unique branching pattern of the main veins, the shape of the areola postica being longer than wide, the angular shape of the pterostigma, the ir crossvein directed proximally mid of pterostigma (apomorphy) and the vannus formed by the three veins of PCu, A1 and A2. The shape of the veins, with a Y-vein formed by the distal fusion of PCu with A1, could be a putative symplesiomorphy of the Psocodea with Permopsocida and Hemiptera. <em>C. mercuryi</em> gen. et sp. nov. is the first appearance date for Permopsocida and roots the Acercaria tree. In addition, another specimen of <em>Dichentomum</em> cf. <em>arroyo</em> (Psocidiidae) from Carrizo Arroyo is presented and figured, confirming the presence of the genus <em>Dichentomum</em> near the Carboniferous-Permian boundary and linking it to the Artinskian species from Elmo in Kansas, USA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological and functional analyses for investigation of sexually selected legs in the frog legged beetle Sagra femorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 通过形态和功能分析研究蛙腿甲虫（鞘翅目：蝶形目）的性选择腿

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360

Masako Katsuki , Kaoru Uesugi , Tomoyuki Yokoi , Takane Ozawa , Devin M. O'Brien , Douglas J. Emlen , Kensuke Okada , Yasukazu Okada

{"title":"Morphological and functional analyses for investigation of sexually selected legs in the frog legged beetle Sagra femorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"Masako Katsuki , Kaoru Uesugi , Tomoyuki Yokoi , Takane Ozawa , Devin M. O'Brien , Douglas J. Emlen , Kensuke Okada , Yasukazu Okada","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mate choice and male–male combat over successful mating often cause disproportionate exaggeration of male trait relative to body size. However, the exaggeration is often not the only trait involved with male–male combat and mate choice: suites of co-expressed traits may function together as a coordinated unit. When this occurs, dimorphism may be expected for these additional, non-exaggerated, structures. <em>S. femorata</em> males have disproportionately large hind-legs used in male–male combat over females. During the fights, fore- and mid-legs are used to keep males in positions where advantageous for leverage. Because use of the exaggerated hind-legs is coordinated with the other legs, they will coevolve as a functional unit. Here, we show that 1) <em>S. femorata</em> has sexual size differences in all three legs; 2) males show positive allometry in the relative sizes of all three legs; and 3) microstructures of tarsi on the fore- and mid-legs are also sexually dimorphic. Despite these differences in the tarsal microstructure, 4) adhesion forces of the tarsi had no sexual difference in flat surface. The microstructure would be specialized on attaching elytra surface. These results suggest that the three pairs of legs function together during fighting behavior, with hind-legs employed primarily for fighting, and the fore- and mid-legs functioning to grip females, keeping males positioned on the back of the female during combat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anatomy and ultrastructural details of the eye of the passalid beetle Ceracupes yui Okano 1988 (Scarabaeoidea; Passalidae) Passalid beetle Ceracupes yui Okano 1988 (Scarabaeoidea; Passalidae) 眼睛的解剖和超微结构细节

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101361

Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow , Nobuo Gokan

{"title":"Anatomy and ultrastructural details of the eye of the passalid beetle Ceracupes yui Okano 1988 (Scarabaeoidea; Passalidae)","authors":"Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow , Nobuo Gokan","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the least studied eyes of any beetle taxon are those of the scarabaeoid family Passalidae. Some members of this family of around 600 species worldwide are known to have superposition eyes (<em>Aceraius grandis; A. hikidai</em>) while others have apposition eyes (<em>Cylindrocaulus patalis</em>; <em>Ceracupes yui</em>). In <em>C. yui</em> of nearly 3 cm body length (this paper) the retinal layer is very thin and occupies approximately half of an ommatidium's total length, the latter amounting to 284 and 266 μm in the respective dorsal and ventral eye regions. The two eye regions are almost completely separated by a prominent cuticular canthus, a feature usually associated with the presence of a tracheal tapetum, a clear-zone between dioptric and light-perceiving structures and a regular array of smooth facets. In <em>C. yui</em> the facets are smooth (but not very regular) and a tracheal tapetum and a clear-zone are absent. The rhabdoms, formed by 8–9 retinula cells, are complicated, multilobed structures with widths and lengths of around 15 and 80 μm, respectively. The combination of some superposition and mostly apposition eye features, e.g., extensive corneal exocones, relatively small number of ommatidia, absence of a clear-zone and tracheal bush, suggest an adaptation of this species' eye to the fossorial lifestyle of <em>C. yui</em>, and, thus, a manifestation of the passalid eye's plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803924000318/pdfft?md5=2b52097170e9d80cdca6f6eb616d9ec6&pid=1-s2.0-S1467803924000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Species-specific larval acoustic behaviour of three stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with emphasis on their stridulatory organs and acoustic signals 三种锹形虫（鞘翅目：锹形科）幼虫的物种特异性声学行为，重点研究其绞杀器官和声学信号

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300

Xu-Ming Dong, Lu Jiang

{"title":"Species-specific larval acoustic behaviour of three stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with emphasis on their stridulatory organs and acoustic signals","authors":"Xu-Ming Dong, Lu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acoustic behaviour plays a significant role in insect communications, but is rarely reported in their immature stages. Larvae of Lucanidae bear paired stridulatory organs on their thoracic legs, which could produce sounds as communicational signals. However, the species-specific differences on stridulatory organs and acoustic signals are far from fully investigated. In this study, the larval acoustic behaviours of three lucanid species, <em>Lucanus dybowski</em>, <em>Prosopocoilus confucius</em> and <em>P. girafa</em><span> were recorded and compared for the first time. The sound producing mechanism was described in detail based on video recordings, morphological observations, and acoustic analyses. The larvae of all three species are able to produce sounds by scraping the plectrum on the metatrochanter against the pars stridens on the mesocoxa during disturbance. The sounds exhibit species-specific differences in terms of acoustic parameters: the larvae of </span><em>L. dybowski</em> produce short-duration (140–200 ms), single-pulse and low-frequency (∼210 Hz) sounds; <em>P. confucius</em> produce long-duration (500–800 ms), triple-pulse and low-frequency (∼280 Hz) sounds; <em>P. girafa</em><span> produce long-duration (500–560 ms), double-pulse and low-frequency (∼260 Hz) sounds. The amounts and arrangements of the teeth on stridulatory organs also exhibit differences on specific level. The acoustic signals and stridulatory organs were compared using principal component analysis.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10272474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not all apparently gynandromorphic butterflies are gynandrous: The case of Polyommatus icarus and its relatives (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) 并非所有明显雌雄同体的蝴蝶都是雌雄同体的：鳞翅目：鳞蝶科（Polyommatus icarus）及其近缘种的情况

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101359

Zsolt Bálint , Gergely Katona , Krisztián Kertész , Gábor Piszter , Balázs Tóth , László Péter Biró

{"title":"Not all apparently gynandromorphic butterflies are gynandrous: The case of Polyommatus icarus and its relatives (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)","authors":"Zsolt Bálint , Gergely Katona , Krisztián Kertész , Gábor Piszter , Balázs Tóth , László Péter Biró","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beside the more than two thousand normal specimens of <em>Polyommatus icarus</em> (Rottemburg, 1775) yielded by rearing experiments, there was one perfectly bilateral dichromatic individual first considered to be gynandrous. On the basis of analysing genitalia traits, wing surface covering scale micromorphology, and the spectral characteristics of the blue colour generated by the cover scales, the gender of the specimen has been identified as female. This exemplar was investigated in comparison with gynandrous specimens from the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum exhibiting various degrees of intermixing of blue and brown coloration. Focus stacking microscopy for detailed scale morphology and UV–visible reflectance spectroscopy was used for the characterization of the optical properties. Inspecting literature references and the Lycaenidae collection of the museum, further examples have been found for female bilateral dichromatism in the closely related polyommatine lycaenid species <em>Lysandra bellargus</em> (Rottemburg, 1775) and <em>Lysandra coridon</em> (Poda, 1761) what suggests that polyommatine female dichromaticity may be displayed by the manner of bilaterality and mosaicism, phenomena hitherto solely connected to gynandromorphy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146780392400029X/pdfft?md5=1e07ae6246777bf0efc5c264144ad4e9&pid=1-s2.0-S146780392400029X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ultrastructure of the spermatheca of Mordellistena brevicauda (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea) and the associated bacterial cells Mordellistena brevicauda（鞘翅目，Tenebrionoidea）精巢的超微结构及相关细菌细胞

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101357

Romano Dallai, David Mercati, Pietro Lupetti

引用次数: 0

Sensory pathway in aquatic basal polyneoptera: Antennal sensilla and brain morphology in stoneflies 水生基础多翅目昆虫的感觉途径：石蝇的触角感觉器和大脑形态

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101345

Silvana Piersanti , Manuela Rebora , Gianandrea Salerno , Simon Vitecek , Sylvia Anton

{"title":"Sensory pathway in aquatic basal polyneoptera: Antennal sensilla and brain morphology in stoneflies","authors":"Silvana Piersanti , Manuela Rebora , Gianandrea Salerno , Simon Vitecek , Sylvia Anton","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquatic insects represent a great portion of Arthropod diversity and the major fauna in inland waters. The sensory biology and neuroanatomy of these insects are, however, poorly investigated. This research aims to describe the antennal sensilla of nymphs of the stonefly <em>Dinocras cephalotes</em> using scanning electron microscopy and comparing them with the adult sensilla. Besides, central antennal pathways in nymphs and adults are investigated by neuron mass-tracing with tetramethylrhodamine, and their brain structures are visualized with an anti-synapsin antibody. No dramatic changes occur in the antennal sensilla during nymphal development, while antennal sensilla profoundly change from nymphs to adults when switching from an aquatic to an aerial lifestyle. However, similar brain structures are used in nymphs and adults to process diverging sensory information, perceived through different sensilla in water and air. These data provide valuable insights into the evolution of aquatic heterometabolous insects, maintaining a functional sensory system throughout development, including a distinct adaptation of the peripheral olfactory systems during the transition from detection of water-soluble chemicals to volatile compounds in the air. From a conservation biology perspective, the present data contribute to a better knowledge of the biology of stoneflies, which are very important bioindicators in rivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146780392400015X/pdfft?md5=2940c34d1c1ae0e818fcb23fa8e295f7&pid=1-s2.0-S146780392400015X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defensive glands in Stylotermitidae (Blattodea, Isoptera) 毛虫科（Blattodea，等翅目）的防御性腺体

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101346

Himanshu Thakur , Surbhi Agarwal , Aleš Buček , Jaromír Hradecký , Hana Sehadová , Vartika Mathur , Ulugbek Togaev , Thomas van de Kamp , Elias Hamann , Ren-Han Liu , Kuldeep S. Verma , Hou-Feng Li , David Sillam-Dussès , Michael S. Engel , Jan Šobotník

{"title":"Defensive glands in Stylotermitidae (Blattodea, Isoptera)","authors":"Himanshu Thakur , Surbhi Agarwal , Aleš Buček , Jaromír Hradecký , Hana Sehadová , Vartika Mathur , Ulugbek Togaev , Thomas van de Kamp , Elias Hamann , Ren-Han Liu , Kuldeep S. Verma , Hou-Feng Li , David Sillam-Dussès , Michael S. Engel , Jan Šobotník","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The large abundance of termites is partially achieved by their defensive abilities. Stylotermitidae represented by a single extant genus, <em>Stylotermes</em>, is a member of a termite group Neoisoptera that encompasses 83% of termite species and 94% of termite genera and is characterized by the presence of the frontal gland. Within Neoisoptera, Stylotermitidae represents a species-poor sister lineage of all other groups. We studied the structure of the frontal, labral and labial glands in soldiers and workers of <em>Stylotermes faveolus</em>, and the composition of the frontal gland secretion in <em>S. faveolus</em> and <em>Stylotermes halumicus</em>. We show that the frontal gland is a small active secretory organ in soldiers and workers. It produces a cocktail of monoterpenes in soldiers, and some of these monoterpenes and unidentified proteins in workers. The labral and labial glands are developed similarly to other termite species and contribute to defensive activities (labral in both castes, labial in soldiers) or to the production of digestive enzymes (labial in workers). Our results support the importance of the frontal gland in the evolution of Neoisoptera. Toxic, irritating and detectable monoterpenes play defensive and pheromonal functions and are likely critical novelties contributing to the ecological success of these termites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small wasps, big muscles: Fore and hind leg modifications in chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) 小黄蜂，大肌肉：鞘翅目黄蜂（膜翅目：鞘翅目）的前后腿改造

IF 2 3区农林科学

Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101343

Carolin Gilgenbach , Juliane Vehof , Benjamin Wipfler , Ralph S. Peters

{"title":"Small wasps, big muscles: Fore and hind leg modifications in chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)","authors":"Carolin Gilgenbach , Juliane Vehof , Benjamin Wipfler , Ralph S. Peters","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2024.101343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A particularly conspicuous morphological feature in chalcidoid wasps are strikingly modified legs present in both males and females. It evolved convergently multiple times on either fore or hind legs implying strong evolutionary pressure and a prominent function in the wasps’ life history. We investigate the external and internal morphology of the modified legs of five species of chalcidoid wasps representing four families (Ooderidae, Heydeniidae, Chalcididae, and Leucospidae), using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro computed tomography. We aimed to identify shared characteristics as well as differences between genera/species, leg pairs and sexes and to draw first conclusions about the shared or different functions. All species and sexes share the same general leg morphology, with enlarged femur, curved tibia and a huge flexor tibiae muscle. However, there are also genus/species-specific differences such as distinctive spine-like setae on the femur of <em>Oodera</em> spp., or leg pair-specific differences in the position of the extensor tibiae muscle. Shared characteristics imply a common primary function in which strong forces are required to pull the tibia against the femur while differences imply different secondary functions. Both primary and secondary functions have yet to be revealed beyond informed speculations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0