The structure of wing in the earliest Permopsocida

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Jakub Prokop , Kateřina Rosová , Martina Pecharová , Pavel Sroka , Angelika Leipner , André Nel
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Abstract

Permopsocids are small acercarian insects with mouthparts specialized for sucking. They are closely related to Hemiptera and Thysanoptera. The earliest known representatives are from the Early Permian. Here evidence is presented that the Permopsocida occurred even earlier in Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) deposits in the Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück (Lower Saxony, Germany). This material is assigned to the Permian family Psocidiidae; Carbonopsocus mercuryi gen. et sp. nov., based on the wing venation diagnosed by the unique branching pattern of the main veins, the shape of the areola postica being longer than wide, the angular shape of the pterostigma, the ir crossvein directed proximally mid of pterostigma (apomorphy) and the vannus formed by the three veins of PCu, A1 and A2. The shape of the veins, with a Y-vein formed by the distal fusion of PCu with A1, could be a putative symplesiomorphy of the Psocodea with Permopsocida and Hemiptera. C. mercuryi gen. et sp. nov. is the first appearance date for Permopsocida and roots the Acercaria tree. In addition, another specimen of Dichentomum cf. arroyo (Psocidiidae) from Carrizo Arroyo is presented and figured, confirming the presence of the genus Dichentomum near the Carboniferous-Permian boundary and linking it to the Artinskian species from Elmo in Kansas, USA.

最早的 Permopsocida 的翅膀结构
栉水母(Permopsocids)是一种小型穴居昆虫,其口器专门用于吸食。它们与半翅目(Hemiptera)和鞘翅目(Thysanoptera)关系密切。已知最早的代表来自早二叠世。这里提供的证据表明,在奥斯纳布吕克(德国下萨克森州)附近的皮斯贝格采石场的宾夕法尼亚( Moscovian)沉积层中,Permopsocida 的出现时间更早。该材料被归入二叠纪 Psocidiidae 家族;Carbonopsocus mercuryi gen. et sp. nov.,其依据是通过主脉独特的分支模式诊断出的翅脉、长于宽的后乳晕形状、翼柱头的角状形状、指向翼柱头近端中部的ir横脉(异形)以及由PCu、A1和A2三条脉形成的vannus。由 PCu 与 A1 的远端融合形成的 Y 形脉的形状,可能是 Psocodea 与 Permopsocida 和 Hemiptera 的一种假定的共生形态。C. mercuryi gen. et sp.此外,还展示了来自卡里索阿罗约(Carrizo Arroyo)的另一个Dichentomum cf. arroyo(Psocidiidae)标本,证实了石炭纪-二叠纪界线附近Dichentomum属的存在,并将其与来自美国堪萨斯州埃尔莫(Elmo)的Artinskian物种联系起来。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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