Arthropod Structure & Development最新文献

{"title":"Structure and variability in the female genital atrium of Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes)","authors":"Jeremy Naredo ,&nbsp;J. Orlando Combita-Heredia ,&nbsp;Thomas van de Kamp ,&nbsp;Marcus Zuber ,&nbsp;Elias Hamann ,&nbsp;Ma. Magdalena Vázquez ,&nbsp;Hans Klompen","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary and secondary sexual characters of Mesostigmata are often used in species descriptions and phylogenetic analyses. The use of these characters has been focused almost exclusively on external structures. Digital 3D reconstruction based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SR-μCT) data allowed a comparative investigation of the structure of an internal system, the female genital atrium, in the mite lineage Uropodina (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata). Despite substantial variability in observed structures, a general model for the endogynium, vagina, and muscle structure has been generated using a combination of SR-μCT and light microscopy. Most of the variations are hypothesized as related to species recognition and/or manipulation of the endospermatophore. The recorded variability may have substantial phylogenetic value, as a previously unreported modification of the vagina appears to diagnose a substantial lineage of “higher” Uropodina. This set of observations also support the hypothesis that the large family Urodinychidae is polyphyletic. Overall, SR-μCT and 3D reconstruction turned out to be very helpful for studies on internal organ systems in these very small organisms, lessening the need for laborious dissections or extensive Transmission electron microscopy-based investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine structure and adaptive variation of compound eyes in two species of infralittoral prawns (Palaemon, Caridea): New insights into imaging mechanisms of reflecting superposition eyes in decapod crustaceans","authors":"Daniel Hamm ,&nbsp;Stefan Richter ,&nbsp;Carsten H.G. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main goal of this study has been to explore and compare the functional morphology and photoadaptive patterns of the compound eyes of two closely related prawn species both inhabiting different infralittoral visual environments. Using light and transmission electron microscopy we investigated light- and dark-adapted ommatidia of the light-resistant <em>Palaemon elegans</em> and the shade-preferring <em>Palaemon xiphias</em>. Ommatidia of both <em>Palaemon</em> species generally share the same cellular architecture, except for the irregular 8th retinula cell building up the distal rhabdom. This structure functions as UV-light receptor and potential light guide, providing dichroic vision and protection of the subjacent main (banded) rhabdom, formed by the remaining retinula cells 1–7, from harmful UV-radiation. As both the apical 4-lobe system of the 8th cell and the distal rhabdom are much stronger developed in <em>P. elegans</em>, we conclude that different light intensities in the respective photohabitats have led to noticeable micro-evolutionary adaptations at cellular level. In contrast, the main (banded) rhabdom, is capable of perceiving polarized light which is of special photo-ecological benefit for the diurnal <em>P. elegans</em> when populating shallow rock pools.</div><div>The ommatidial ultrastructure of both species is very similar in the dark-adapted state. Many traits support reflecting superposition: such as (1) square corneal facet and crystalline cone, (2) the clear zone along main rhabdoms, (3) a mirror layer established by interommatidial pigment cells, and (4) the proximal tapetum established by reflecting pigment cells below the rhabdom. During light-adaptation, a massive turnover and shift of both organelles or whole cell bodies along the ommatidial optical axis enables the use of functional apposition optics at daytime in both study species. Some major differences in light-adaptation patterns and the assumed efficiency of functional apposition can be explained by adaptations to different light habitats.</div><div>Our TEM study shows that shifting patterns of various pigment granules in interommatidial pigment cells, which occur over light adaptation, are species-specific. As a first measure to protect the main rhabdom from excessive light we identified the super-fast breakdown of a mirror layer around the cone's tip which is made of crystal granules and, thus, widens the aperture of ommatidia in superposition mode at night.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sternal glands in Strumigenys ants","authors":"Chu Wang ,&nbsp;Fu-Ya Chung ,&nbsp;Chung-Chi Lin ,&nbsp;Johan Billen","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Strumigenys</em> ants are characterized by an extraordinary developed exocrine system with 10 glands exclusively found in this genus. Making a survey of 18 species, we discovered two additional glands in workers and queens that are located underneath the anterior third of the 6th and 7th sternites. The epithelial glands are formed by cubic to cylindrical cells that have tortuous lateral cell membranes with interdigitations and apical septate junctions, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and apical microvilli. The glands occur in near proximity to the sting base and therefore may display fortifications to protect them against the sting movements during its extrusion and retraction. The external cuticle that covers the gland region displays small transverse grooves and transcuticular channels. The most developed glands were found in workers of the social parasite <em>Strumigenys mutica</em>, although the eventual link with social parasitism remains unclear. In workers of <em>S. sauteri</em> the glands are rudimentary or absent which may be related with prey capture in this species that occurs without use of the sting. Whereas sternal glands in other ants often produce trail pheromones, this role can be excluded in <em>Strumigenys</em> as trail following does not occur in this genus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations on Luciola pedemontana (Coleoptera Lampyridae) male courtship","authors":"Giuseppe Camerini","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A supposedly bioluminescent species of cockroach that would not glow: A case of scientific fraud, erroneous observation or bacterial infection?","authors":"Yuichi Oba ,&nbsp;Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two reports of the discovery of bioluminescent cockroach species from South America in 1999 and 2003 led to a flurry of speculation on the evolution of the species, the likely function of the light supposedly emitted by the males of the species, and in fact whether these cockroaches were bioluminescent at all. No spectral emission data or biochemical analyses of luciferins or luciferases were available and observations as well as video recordings of the cockroaches failed to record any evidence of an emission of light. Considering the case against the so-called glowspots being able to emit light, it was concluded that the conspicuous spots on the pronotum of the males could play a part in mate choice or serve as a warning signal. Our re-examination of the issue confirms that the spots do not emit light and that, barring the possibility of scientific fraud or confusing fluorescence with bioluminescence, individual cockroaches in the field might have been seen to glow due to an infection with a species of the cosmopolitan bacterial genus <em>Photorhabdus</em>. We were able to show that <em>Photorhabdus luminescens</em> bacteria can colonize specimens of the cockroach <em>Blaptica dubia</em> and there is no reason to doubt that other species of cockroaches could not also become infected by this luminescent insect pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Anacroneuriini (Plecoptera: Perlidae) morphology: Standardizing vocabulary and a morphological atlas","authors":"Rodrigo Braga Gastaldo ,&nbsp;Lucas Henrique de Almeida ,&nbsp;Frederico Falcão Salles","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anacroneuriini is a tribe of stoneflies within Perlidae which displays diagnostic characteristics in their male genitalia. As researchers are often focused on a few taxonomic characters of each particular genus, they rarely consider the morphological terminology of the tribe as a whole. As such, over time many different names for the same morphological structures have been coined, making it difficult to describe new species and semaphoronts accurately in a standardized way. Systematics may also struggle in determining primary homologies from the lack of comparable vocabulary between species and genera. The objective of this work is to provide a morphological atlas of Anacroneuriini, disclosing standardized names of each external morphological trait of the four different genera of the tribe. Specimens from Museu de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFVB) were analyzed, photographed and illustrated. Terminology primarily followed morphological accuracy based on homologies, while name recurrence in recent literature was used as secondary criteria. The resulting atlas is the first to gather detailed information on all body regions of all genera of Anacroneuriini. The atlas is useful as a resource both for beginners in Anacroneuriini research and experienced researchers alike, providing standard terminology with clear illustrations for species description, identification and general taxonomic work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and morphology of podocopan ostracod limbs (Crustacea) – A review","authors":"Robin James Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2024.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ostracods are tiny bivalved crustaceans, which have colonised almost all aquatic ecosystems. Their extensive fossil record, stretching back to the Ordovician, attests to their remarkable success, in part due to their calcitic carapace - a hard bivalved shell that can enclose the rest of the body for protection against unfavourable environmental conditions. However, the carapace, and the requirement for the limbs to fit within it, has resulted in a reduced number of limbs, which in turn show evidence of reduction from a biramous crustacean limb. Consequently, ostracod limbs are characterized by limited features and homoeomorphy, hindering our understanding of their evolution. Studies of ontogenetic development can offer additional insights into how ostracod limbs have evolved. For instance, there are at least four developmental pathways to a seven-segmented antennule in adults, which is significant for taxonomic classifications and phylogenetic analyses. Ontogenetic data can also identify possible plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters for the group, thereby testing phylogenetic and taxonomic frameworks. This review focuses on the Podocopa, the largest of the two extant subclasses, and explores how studying limb development during ontogeny can provide insights into the evolution of the group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative spermatozoal ultrastructure in the crab clade Heterotremata (Decapoda: Brachyura): Evidence from a selection of species","authors":"Quentin Andreotti ,&nbsp;Caio Santos Nogueira ,&nbsp;Luis Miguel Pardo ,&nbsp;Fernando José Zara","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent phylogenetic studies revealed close relationships between several families of Heterotremata crabs. In this context, we describe the spermatozoal ultrastructure in several Aethridae, Menippidae, Calappidae, Parthenopidae, Cancridae, and Leucosiidae species to elucidate the evolution of spermatozoal characters. The spherical spermatophore in all Heterotremata studied here have a clear wall or pellicle. Spermatozoal results indicate that the fingerprint-like acrosome ray zone is a synapomorphy among these closely related families, including Menippidae, while the parallel acrosome ray zone is an autapomorphy occurring in Portunidae. The striations in the subopercular material are also a synapomorphic character for all studied families while absence is a homoplastic trait and apomorphic to Parthenopidae and Cancridae. Moreover, our results indicate a sharing of certain spermatozoal traits between Aethridae and Portunidae and in the Menippidae <em>Menippe nodifrons</em>. In Cancridae and Parthenopidae, the perforate operculum is a homoplastic character while the perforatorial chamber penetrating the operculum is the main synapomorphy of Cancridae. In Calappidae and Portunidae, the absence of the inner acrosome zone is an apomorphy. The presence of a broad thin, three-layered, operculum filled with a granular matrix is a synapomorphy of the Parthenopidae. Finally, in Leucosiidae, the inner acrosome zone positioned at the mid-point of the acrosome vesicle and the presence of a peculiar type of periopercular rim are a synapomorphy of the group. Overall, our ultrastructural findings align with recent phylogenetic analyses conducted within the Heterotremata clade, providing complementary support and reinforcing the value of spermatozoal ultrastructure as a tool in phylogenetic studies, as it demonstrates clear potential for resolving taxonomic issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerular organization of the antennal lobe in the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1770)","authors":"Ying Lu ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Lu-Yao Yu ,&nbsp;Hong-Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Bing-Zhong Ren ,&nbsp;Qi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall webworm (<em>Hyphantria cunea</em>), a typical destructive invasive pest, has caused substantial damage to both the ecological environment and economy in China. <em>H. cunea</em> uses primarily its antennae to locate food and perceive pheromones through stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons. These receptor neurons project their axons into glomeruli within the antennal lobes, the primary olfactory center in the brain. The projection patterns of sensory antennal neurons into the antennal lobe and its precise structure have not been described so far. To decipher the primary organization behind olfactory recognition in <em>H. cunea</em>, this study employed synaptic antibody immunostaining, as well as mass staining of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), and computer-based reconstruction to establish a three-dimensional olfactory glomerular map of the moth's antennal lobes. A total of 74 male and 81 female antennal lobe glomeruli were identified, including 3 male-specific glomeruli (Macroglomerular complex, MGC) and 8 female-specific glomeruli (DL1-DL8). While the Cumulus (Cu) volume was largest in MGC, the differences in volume among dorsomedial anterior and dorsomedial posterior were minimal. These findings lay the groundwork for a better understanding of the olfactory anatomical organization in <em>H. cunea</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first detailed morphological treatment of a Cretaceous psocid and the character evolution of Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea)","authors":"Michael Weingardt ,&nbsp;Feiyang Liang ,&nbsp;Brendon E. Boudinot ,&nbsp;Jörg U. Hammel ,&nbsp;Bernhard L. Bock ,&nbsp;Kazunori Yoshizawa ,&nbsp;Rolf G. Beutel","doi":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asd.2025.101409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While new fossil psocid taxa are described every year, the morphology is generally not studied and documented in sufficient detail, limiting our understanding of the character evolution in this order. A new fossil species of the genus <em>Psyllipsocus</em> from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber is described and its morphology reconstructed in detail using synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μ-CT). We present the first cybertype of a Cretaceous fossil psocid. We also describe and discuss the putative evolution of previously unrecognized and underestimated exoskeletal characters for the suborder Trogiomorpha. Additionally, using our new observations, we critically evaluate the phylogeny of Trogiomorpha and the character evolution in this group. We also present a modified character matrix which we analyze using Bayesian inference and parsimony. Based on our results and previous studies we propose monophyletic Trogiomorpha <em>s.l.</em> (incl. †<em>Brachyantennum</em>) and Trogiomorpha <em>s. str.</em> (possibly incl. †Cormopsocidae), the latter comprising Prionoglarididae and monophyletic Spinaprocta. Spinaprocta contain Atropetae and Psyllipsocetae (incl. <em>Psyllipsocus</em>) as sister taxa. Some relationships on the genus level in Trogiomorpha are still strongly disputed and unclear. Here, we synonymize the extinct monotypic genus †<em>Khatangia</em> with <em>Psyllipsocus</em> and discuss the systematic position of †<em>Sinopsyllipsocus</em>, †<em>Parapsyllipsocus</em>, †<em>Empheriopsis</em> and †<em>Concavapsocus</em>. A key for all extinct species of Psyllipsocidae is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}