Comparative microscopic anatomy of Schizomida – 2. The rostrosoma and the pharyngeal suction pump

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
J. Matthias Starck
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Abstract

This paper tests hypotheses of independent parallel evolution of the rostrosoma among euchelicerate taxa by analyzing the microscopic anatomy and histology of the rostrosoma of Uropygi (Schizomida and Thelyphonida) and comparing it with the morphology of the snout region in other euchelicerates. The study employs analysis of multiple histological serial sections, μCT-imaging, and graphical as well as computer-based 3D reconstruction. Results of the study are that Thelyphonida and Schizomida share the same morphology of the rostrosoma. The rostrosoma of both groups contains a unique arrangement of musculature that is functionally interpreted as pre-oral suction pump. This is followed by a pharyngeal suction pump. The muscles of the pharyngeal suction pump attach to the epistome and the epipharyngeal sclerite. Neither Schizomida nor Thelyphonida possess a postcerebral suction pump as reported earlier. The microscopic anatomy of the rostrosoma of both taxa is unique and does not compare with any of the other euchelicerates, thus supporting the idea of independent evolutionary origin of the rostrosoma. Thelyphonida, Amblypygi and Scorpiones share the occurrence of a large epipharyngeal/epistomal sclerite with associated musculature, which is a feature that lines up with the Arachnopulmonata concept. A comparison with all Euchelicerata taxa shows that the snout region is formed by homologous morphological elements but the specific arrangement, additions and reductions shape the formation of the rostrosoma, so that parallel evolution of homologous parts of the arachnid ground pattern can be assumed that has formed those elements into convergent morphologies.

裂头蚴显微解剖比较 - 2.喙瘤和咽吸泵。
本文通过分析 Uropygi(裂齿目和蝶齿目)喙瘤的显微解剖学和组织学,并将其与其它欧鼠类的吻区形态进行比较,检验了欧鼠类喙瘤独立平行进化的假设。研究采用了多个组织学序列切片分析、μCT成像、图形和计算机三维重建等方法。研究结果表明,Thelyphonida 和 Schizomida 的喙瘤形态相同。这两个类群的喙瘤都包含独特的肌肉组织排列,在功能上可解释为前口吸泵。随后是咽吸泵。咽吸泵的肌肉附着在会厌和会厌硬骨上。如前所述,裂头虫和蝶形虫都没有脑后吸泵。这两个类群的喙瘤的显微解剖结构都很独特,与其他任何一种真口纲动物都无法相比,因此支持喙瘤是独立进化起源的观点。Thelyphonida、Amblypygi 和 Scorpiones 都有一个大的会咽/肛门硬骨和相关的肌肉组织,这一特征与 Arachnopulmonata 的概念一致。与所有 Euchelicerata 类群的比较表明,吻区是由同源的形态元素形成的,但具体的排列、增加和减少形成了喙瘤,因此可以假定蛛形纲地面模式同源部分的平行进化将这些元素形成了趋同的形态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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