Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Scoring System for Predicting Breast Cancer Risk Among Women in Regions with Limited Healthcare Infrastructure in Indonesia.","authors":"Ricvan Dana Nindrea, Milya Novera, Syahrial Syahrial, Nabil Aresto Avilla, Fanisha Anugrah Rahmadhani Putri","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among Indonesian women, with many cases detected at advanced stages due to limited screening and healthcare resources. Existing risk prediction models, developed in Western populations, may not adequately capture locally relevant determinants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at a national referral hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 250 histologically confirmed BC cases and 250 age-matched controls were enrolled. Data on reproductive, familial, and lifestyle factors were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Logistic regression was applied to identify significant predictors, which were then integrated into a scoring system. The discriminatory ability was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant predictors of BC included late menopause (≥50 years; adjusted OR 4.50), first pregnancy at ≥30 years (AOR 2.70), family history of BC (first-degree AOR 30.22; second-degree AOR 3.82), short breastfeeding duration (<12 months; AOR 41.24), long-term oral contraceptive use (≥12 months; AOR 1.94), overweight (AOR 2.37), obesity (AOR 3.94), high-fat diet (AOR 25.75), low physical activity (AOR = 14.29), moderate physical activity (AOR = 4.08). The scoring system, with a maximum score of 18, demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy (AUC 0.907; 95% CI: 0.879-0.931). A cut-off score >5 provided optimal sensitivity (84%) and specificity (80%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed scoring system offers a practical, context-specific tool for early risk assessment of breast cancer in Indonesian women, particularly in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure. Its implementation may support targeted screening and resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1459-1467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveilling Care, Protecting People: Legal Reforms for the Data-Driven Clinic.","authors":"Minsoo Jung","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the concept and potential applications of healthcare big data, focusing on the legal and institutional challenges arising from the imperative to protect personal information. Healthcare big data holds transformative promise across multiple domains, including precision medicine, public health policymaking, and drug development, contributing to enhanced population health and medical innovation. However, ongoing legal tensions between data utilization and privacy protection persist, largely due to the sensitive nature of medical data and the inherent risk of re-identification.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This paper conducts a comparative legal analysis to examine the consistency of legal frameworks governing healthcare big data. It analyzes U.S. laws specifically, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the 21st Century Cures Act alongside corresponding Korean statutes, including the Medical Service Act and the Bioethics and Safety Act.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparative analysis identifies ongoing legal tensions between data utilization and privacy protection. These tensions arise from ambiguous definitions of pseudonymized and anonymized data, the limited flexibility of consent mechanisms for data subjects, and inconsistent de-identification standards. Additionally, although technology-based security safeguards are advancing, legal frameworks have not evolved at the same pace, resulting in regulatory gaps that hinder effective governance of healthcare big data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper proposes several key reforms: refining the legal definitions of pseudonymized and anonymized data, introducing more flexible consent mechanisms for data subjects, enhancing de-identification standards, and strengthening technology-based security safeguards. The paper emphasizes the urgent need to reconcile conflicts and inconsistencies among these laws. For healthcare big data to serve as a trust-based public resource, a regulatory environment that ensures both robust privacy protections and the responsible use of data must be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1149-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Targeting of S100A2 Enhances Chemotherapy Efficacy in vitro in Oral Cancer.","authors":"Manish Kumar, Chandra Prakash Prasad, Chitrakshi Chopra, Sonia Thapa, Shyam Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite advancements in multimodal therapies, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) continues to exhibit poor clinical outcomes, particularly in advanced and recurrent cases. Recent studies have identified the calcium-binding protein S100A2 as a critical mediator of OSCC progression and resistance to therapy. Our prior work demonstrated that cytoplasmic overexpression of S100A2 in oral cancer patients is associated with tumor recurrence and reduced survival. Given its reported role in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular proliferation, and invasiveness, we investigated the in vitro functional impact of S100A2 inhibition in OSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Silencing S100A2 significantly impaired tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by Annexin V and caspase-3 activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Notably, S100A2-deficient OSCC cells exhibited increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, including carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, through mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings position S100A2 as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming drug resistance and improving treatment efficacy in OSCC. Further mechanistic studies and in vivo validation are warranted to explore its translational relevance in clinical oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1351-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncological Outcomes and Risk Factors for Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis After Upfront Surgery in cT3 Rectal Cancer With an Uninvolved Circumferential Resection Margin on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Tran Xuan Hung, Vo Tuong Vi, Nguyen Huu Thinh","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1487","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate oncological outcomes and potential risk factors for local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) after upfront surgery in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined cT3 rectal cancer, with an uninvolved circumferential resection margin (mrCRM) and no extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), in a Vietnamese cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, retrospective-prospective cohort of 144 patients who met these criteria and underwent upfront curative surgery between January 2018 and April 2022 was analyzed. The cumulative incidences of LR and DM were estimated. Univariate Cox regression and penalized regression models (Ridge and LASSO least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied to explore potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With a median follow-up of 56 months, LR occurred in 7 patients (4.9%), with 3-, 5-, and 7-year cumulative rates of 3.6%, 5.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. LR was most consistently associated with mesorectal violation, while anastomotic leakage and involved pathological circumferential resection margin (pCRM) showed less stable associations. DM occurred in 15 patients (10.4%), with cumulative incidences of 8.5%, 11.6%, and 11.6% at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Stage III patients had significantly higher DM rates compared with stage II (p = 0.009). Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ≥ 5 ng/mL and pathological nodal positivity (pN+) were the most consistent predictors of DM, while mesorectal violation and involved pCRM appeared as secondary contributors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Upfront surgery yielded favorable outcomes in selected low-risk cT3 rectal cancer patients. Mesorectal violation was most consistently associated with LR, though estimates were limited by the small number of events. DM appeared to be primarily driven by tumor biology (CEA and pN), with mesorectal violation and involved pCRM as possible secondary factors. These findings warrant validation in larger prospective cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1487-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay of CD8+ TILs and Microvascular Density: A Novel Prognostic Indicator in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Heru Fajar Trianto, Gondo Mastutik, Desak Gede Agung Suprabawati, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8⁺ TILs), microvascular density (MVD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the TNM (Tumor-Node-Metastasis) stage, as well as to analyze their interrelationships in colorectal adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 50 FFPE samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma from the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology at Dr. Soedarso Hospital. Microvascular density (MVD) was assessed on hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides, while CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8⁺ TILs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation analysis was conducted between the biomarkers and the TNM stage, including its components depth of tumor invasion, lymph node status, and distant metastasis using the Chi-square test. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the relationships among CD8⁺ TILs, MVD, and VEGF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High CD8⁺ TILs expression was significantly associated with negative lymph node status (p = 0.047; OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.098-1.001), absence of distant metastasis (p = 0.008; OR = 0.130, 95% CI = 0.025-0.680), and low TNM stage (p = 0.011; OR = 0.221, 95% CI = 0.067-0.727). The distribution of high MVD was correlated with deeper tumor invasion (p = 0.004; OR = 9.036, 95% CI = 1.741-46.890), positive lymph node status (p < 0.001; OR = 10.286, 95% CI = 2.768-38.215), and high TNM stage (p = 0.002; OR = 6.612, 95% CI = 1.924-22.728). High expression of VEGF showed a significant correlation with deeper tumor invasion (p = 0.036; OR = 0.675, 95% CI = 0.544-0.837). Spearman's test revealed a negative correlation between CD8⁺ TILs and MVD (r = -0.280, p = 0.049), and a positive correlation between MVD and VEGF (r = 0.303, p = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High CD8⁺ TILs and low MVD are favorable prognostic factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma, whereas increased MVD and VEGF expression indicate tumor aggressiveness and enhanced angiogenesis. The combination of immune and angiogenic biomarkers with TNM staging could improve prognostic evaluation in colorectal adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1497-1503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Green Tea Consumption and the Risk of Liver Cancer Incidence among Japanese Adults.","authors":"Ohiroshi Funabashi, Ryoto Sakaniwa, Ryo Kawasaki, Akiko Tamakoshi, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between green tea consumption and the risk of liver cancer has been reported inconsistently. This study aimed to investigate this association in a large, prospective cohort study of Japanese adults.  Methods: The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study included 41,999 participants (18,205 men and 23794 women) aged 40-79 years, free from liver cancer at baseline between 1988 and 1990. Validated self-administered questionnaires were used to assess individual socio-demographics, medical history, and lifestyles. Participants were then followed for liver cancer incidence until the end of 2009. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of liver cancer based on the frequency of green tea consumption of <1 cup (reference), 2-4, 5-6, and ≥7 cups/day, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, study area, education, histories of diabetes, liver diseases, and gallbladder disease, body mass index, drinking status, smoking status, coffee consumption, sports participation, and walking. Major confounders, including coffee consumption, drinking status, and a history of liver disease, were further stratified in the analysis. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of liver cancer was also calculated based on green tea consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Green tea consumption was associated with a trend of lower risk of liver cancer with the multivariable HR (95% CI) of 0.87 (0.61-1.23) for 2-4 cups/day, 0.87 (0.61-1.25) for 5-6 cups/day, and 0.61 (0.40-0.95) for ≥7 cups/day, compared to <1 cup/day (p for trend= 0.029). The inverse association was statistically significant for men, people without a history of liver diseases other than cancer, and current drinkers. The multivariable PAF (95%CI) for ≥7 cups/day was 7.1% (0.9-11.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of liver cancer in Japanese adults in a dose-response manner, ranging from <1 cup/day to ≥7 cups/day.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1313-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Network Meta-Analysis Comparing the Efficacy of Lenvatinib, Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab, and Sorafenib in the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Ni Putu Sri Indrani Remitha, I Gede Aswin Parisya Sasmana, I Komang Wira Ananta Kusuma, Christo Timothy Mamangdean, I Gede Putu Supadmanaba, Dwijo Anargha Sindhughosa, I Ketut Mariadi","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third most common cause of cancer-related death. The five-year overall survival (OS) rate for patients with unresectable HCC is only 12%. Currently, systemic therapies have become the primary treatment options for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies comparing the efficacy of first-line treatments including lenvatinib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, and sorafenib have shown inconsistent results. There remains a need for updated comparative evidence on cross-mechanism therapy regimens for unresectable disease, as existing findings are still not completely clear. This network meta-analysis aims to provide clearer insights into which treatment offers greater efficacy for patients with unresectable HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted following the 2022 PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Literature searches were performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and EBSCO to gather studies comparing lenvatinib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, and sorafenib for the management of unresectable HCC. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using R statistical software (version 4.4.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies reporting overall survival (OS) were included in the OS analysis comparing lenvatinib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, and sorafenib in the treatment of unresectable HCC. The network meta-analysis showed no significant OS differences between atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.24-4.10) or sorafenib (HR: 1.4; 95% CI: 0.21-9.87). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in OS between lenvatinib and sorafenib (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.38-5.14). Based on the SUCRA plot in this meta-analysis, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab showed the highest probability of being ranked first among the three therapies. Lenvatinib had the highest probability of being ranked second, while sorafenib was more likely to be ranked third.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, lenvatinib, and sorafenib demonstrated similar therapeutic efficacy based on overall survival. Although the hazard ratios (HRs) were not statistically significant, the SUCRA ranking suggested a clinical trend favoring atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1377-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Cervical Cancer Screening Among Northern Thai Women: Satisfaction with Self-Collected HPV DNA Testing under the National Program.","authors":"Wiyada Dankai, Phutanes Thangvorathum, Kwansuang Pukdee, Phanlapa Aithin, Rawadee Thongbai, Jidapa Noja, Naorn Sriwangdaeng, Suree Lekawanvijit","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women in Thailand. Despite the availability of national cervical cancer screening programs, participation rates remain low in Northern Thailand due to barriers such as limited accessibility and discomfort with clinical sample collection. Self-collected HPV DNA testing offers a promising alternative to traditional screening methods by addressing these barriers and improving access to care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cervical cancer is a major health burden in Thailand, yet participation in national screening programs remains low, particularly in Northern Thailand. This study evaluated satisfaction with self-collected HPV DNA testing and examined factors influencing screening acceptance to inform strategies for increasing uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 299 women aged 30-60 years attending the national cervical cancer screening program at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Participants performed self-collection following a demonstration and completed a five-point Likert scale satisfaction survey. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to assess satisfaction and identify predictors of screening intention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (85.95%) strongly agreed that self-collected HPV DNA testing improved screening accessibility, and 100% found the process easy to follow. Mean satisfaction scores were high for accessibility (4.85/5), effectiveness (4.82/5), and reliability (4.81/5). No invalid samples were reported, and beta-globin Ct values confirmed high-quality sample collection (mean Ct = 29.00 ± 1.70). Education level significantly influenced screening intention (OR = 17.61, p = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-collected HPV DNA testing was highly satisfactory and could enhance national screening programs, especially in underserved populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1211-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Efficacy of Serum Biomarkers for Oral Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Anuja Anusikha, Sangamesh N Chinnannavar, Silpiranjan Mishra, Atul Anand Bajoria, Jugajyoti Pathi, Noureen Nahar","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Evaluating Diagnostic Ability Of Various Serum Biomarkers For Oral Cancer (OSCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA) checklist, and the review protocol was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42024625802). Databases were searched from January 2000 to December 2024 to identify the diagnostic potential of various serum biomarkers. Quality assessment was evaluated based on the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) tool, and meta-analysis was performed in Meta-Disc 1.4 software and Review Manager 5.3 for pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+PLR), negative likelihood ratio (-NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies were included in the review, with data evaluated from 3,309 subjects (diseased - 2,069 and 1,240 - controls). The included studies showed a moderate to high risk of bias. Various biomarkers such as CYFRA 21-1, E-cadherin, interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), protein peaks, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), galectins (1, 3), and various RNA biomarkers were evaluated, belonging to the protein and microRNA classes of biomarkers. It was found that these biomarkers had sensitivity and specificity ranging from 16% to 94% and 37% to 100%, respectively, with the highest accuracy shown by IL-8, which had a mean sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% and 98%. The highest AUC was observed for CYFRA 21-1 (0.53), suggesting that the overall diagnostic accuracy of these serum biomarkers is moderate to good in diagnosing the desired condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum biomarkers are a valid tool and, overall, have good diagnostic potential in identifying the target condition. They can be used as an alternative adjunct to histopathology. Serum biomarkers also have significant potential in predicting and diagnosing disease outcomes, and they can improve the quality and reach of early screening and detection of OSCC. Serum biomarkers can be employed for early diagnosis and prompt treatment under the secondary level of prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1189-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Performance Evaluation of GCN, GAT, and GraphSAGE Architectures for Drug-Gene Interaction Prediction in Ameloblastoma via MEK-Pathway Targeting.","authors":"Nausathkhan Ubayathulla, M R Muthusekar, Pradeep Kumar Yadalam","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.4.1257","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;A key element of computational drug discovery is the precise prediction of drug-gene interactions, particularly when working with intricate biological systems where relational dependencies are essential. Because biological networks are graph-structured, traditional machine learning techniques frequently fall short. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a viable approach for learning meaningful representations from this data type in response to this challenge. In this study, three state-of-the-art GNN architectures Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), Graph Attention Networks (GAT), and GraphSAGE are comprehensively compared using a bipartite graph constructed from drug-target biochemical activity data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using the Probes and Drugs website, drugs associated with MEK signalling were downloaded. The data, with drugs and genes as nodes, targets as edges, and activity biochemical as edge weights, along with other node-level features, were preprocessed for further analysis. A bipartite graph comprising 321 nodes consisting of gene names and target types and 1,028 edges weighted by levels of biochemical activity was constructed. To differentiate genes from targets, node features were encoded using a two-dimensional one-hot vector. Each GNN model was trained using a standardized three-layer architecture for 100 epochs with identical hyperparameters: Mean Squared Error (MSE) as the loss function, a learning rate of 0.01, and a dropout rate of 0.2. To ensure a fair performance comparison across models, the training-validation split was maintained at 80/20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The GCN model exhibited steady convergence, with a train-to-validation loss ratio of 1.0433, a final validation loss of 0.9807, and a minimum validation loss of 0.8923. Although it showed slightly greater overfitting tendencies with a train-to-validation ratio of 1.0553, GAT outperformed the other models in terms of generalization, achieving the lowest final validation loss (0.9551) and the lowest minimum validation loss (0.8653). In contrast, GraphSAGE demonstrated the most balanced performance, with a train-to-validation loss ratio of 0.9949 and a final validation loss of 1.0052, indicating exceptional generalization and stability qualities that make it particularly suitable for inductive learning scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings indicate that each architecture exhibits distinct advantages: GraphSAGE demonstrates superior generalization in dynamic graph environments; GAT enables more nuanced modeling through attention mechanisms; and GCN remains computationally stable and efficient. These results provide biomedical informatics researchers with valuable insights to guide the selection of GNN architectures for biological graph learning tasks. To enhance the translational potential of GNN-based drug discovery pipelines, future research should focus on integrating dynamic graph st","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"27 4","pages":"1257-1264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}