Experimental Techniques最新文献

{"title":"On the Cover: Analysis of Puncture Performances of Vibration Assisted Technology","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00687-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00687-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"47 6","pages":"1135 - 1135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Behavior of Seamless Pipes Using Ring Expansion Technique and Novel Hoop Stress Correlation Factor (K)","authors":"K. Abdelgawad,&nbsp;A. Nassef,&nbsp;Mohamed T. Eraky,&nbsp;M. Saber","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00683-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00683-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the stress–strain behavior of seamless pipes in the hoop direction using the ring expansion test, which is a non-standardized mechanical testing technique used for evaluating the mechanical properties of round tubes. However, this technique has limitations, such as unidentified specimen geometry, strain measurement, and the estimation of friction coefficients. The study employed experimental, numerical, and analytical methodologies to address these limitations and throughout the study, a novel hoop stress correlation factor (K) was identified to be multiplied by the hoop stress derived equation for reduced section ring specimens. The experimental strain was measured using a newly derived analytical equation, and a mathematical predictive model was developed to estimate the K-factor using the Design of Experiment (DoE) and Design-Expert statistical software. The study concluded that the ring expansion test is a promising technique for evaluating the mechanical properties of seamless pipes similar to the unified axial tensile stress–strain behavior. However, future research is needed to estimate the hoop stress correlation value (K) for all ring geometries. The study's finding of the novel hoop stress correlation factor (K) in the case of a reduced section ring specimen is particularly noteworthy, as it addresses a significant research gap in the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 4","pages":"611 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40799-023-00683-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Delamination Between Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC) and Metal in Encapsulated Microelectronic Packages","authors":"M.-K. Shih,&nbsp;Y.-H. Liu,&nbsp;G.-S. Lin,&nbsp;E. Hsu,&nbsp;J. Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00679-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00679-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microelectronics packages play a vital role in not only interconnecting the electronic signals from the die to the printed circuit board (PCB), but also in protecting the chips during the manufacturing process and their subsequent service lives. Epoxy molding compound (EMC) is widely used in electronic packaging due to its superior processing capability and low circuit signal delay. However, interfacial delamination is a common problem in encapsulated silicon devices, particularly at the interface between the copper leadframe (LF) pads and the EMC due to the weaker adhesion strength. Accordingly, the present study employs a double cantilever beam (DCB) experimental testing method and a numerical model based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) to investigate the fracture behavior at the EMC/Cu LF interface in a quad flat no leads (QFN) package. The experiments are performed on an MTS-Acumen microforce tester equipped with a load unit capable of applying a force of 0.01 to 1250 N with a displacement resolution of 0.1 μm. The DCB specimens are prepared with a pre-crack length of 12 mm. The validity of the simulation model is confirmed by comparing the predicted values of the critical strain energy release rate (SERR, G_c) between the EMC and the copper LF pads with the experimental observations. In general, the results show that the G_c value provides a useful parameter for evaluating the delamination risk of encapsulated microelectronics packages and assessing the reliability of alternative package architectures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 4","pages":"599 - 609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136317566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameters Identification of a Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model for a Micro-Positioning Stage Using Mutual Shape Memory Alloy Actuators","authors":"H. Rahbari,&nbsp;A. Fathi,&nbsp;M. Dardel","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00680-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00680-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Implementing smart materials as an actuator in fabricating micro-positioning systems has become pervasive in recent years. However, the application of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) smart materials is limited due to its complex nonlinear mechanical behavior, such as asymmetric hysteresis and saturation characteristics. One of the most potent experimental-based methods of modeling these nonlinearities is the Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii (GPI) model. Unlike similar methods such as the Preisach model, this model is analytically invertible. This study aims to develop a micro-positioning stage and identify an experimental-based model describing the system response. The model structure is composed of two cascade sub-models. In the first sub-model, which models the actuator thermal behavior, the parameters of a linear dynamic model are identified. This sub-model predicts the actuator temperature given the electrical current. The second sub-model estimates the phase transformation and consequently the actuator displacement as a function of temperature. The GPI structure has been used for constructing the Wiener sub-model. The experimental and numerical results showed that the proposed black box model can accurately describe the system behavior, although identifying a comprehensive model to adequately describe the SMA actuator is a great challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 4","pages":"585 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Solution for the Vibration of Direct-Acting Pressure Valve Under Small Opening Conditions","authors":"F. Hou,&nbsp;C. Liu,&nbsp;J. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Lu,&nbsp;X. Liu,&nbsp;H. Jiang,&nbsp;Z. Tang,&nbsp;P. Fang","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00678-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00678-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The boundary performance of direct-acting pressure valves (DAPV) is significantly impacted by surging in small opening situations. This paper illustrates the causes of vibration of DAPVs under small opening conditions from the viewpoints of statics and dynamics. This paper studies a pressure valve using several techniques. These include studying the structural dynamics of the pressure valve using experimental and modal analysis methods, simulating the pressure valve vibration process using flow-solid-control coupling simulation methods, and studying the internal jet characteristics of the pressure valve using non-constant flow field simulation analysis methods. Based on the conclusions drawn from the above methods, several possible effective vibration damping methods are proposed to improve the performance of DAPVs under low flow conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"569 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Computing Based Parametric Optimization of Cutting Rate, Surface Roughness, and Kerf Width in Wire Electric Discharge Machining of High Strength Ti-3Al-2.5 V","authors":"Anshuman Kumar,&nbsp;Chandramani Upadhyay,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar,&nbsp;A. V. S. Ram Prasad,&nbsp;Dusanapudi Siva Nagaraju","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00681-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00681-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study focused on the machinability of Ti-3Al-2.5 V for wire-electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using \"BroncoCut-X wire\" (zinc-coated copper wire). The machining characteristics have been evaluated by varying wire-tension (T_w), wire-speed (S_w), flushing-pressure (P_f), discharge current (I_d), and spark-on-time (S_on). The response characteristics associated with cutting-speed (Cs), kerf-width (KW), and surface roughness (RA) have been collected and analyzed using main-effect plots, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The maximum Cs and minimum KW and RA are obtained upto 8.90 mm/min, 3.34 µm and 0.2218 mm, respectively. Additionally, the novelty lies in the smart hybrid prediction tool considering the conflicting nature of responses are converted into single responses using Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and Fuzzy Interference System (FIS) (Namely: Gray-Fuzzy Reasoning Grade (GFRG)). Furthermore, the optimal performance is calculated using Rao-algorithms (i.e., Rao1, Rao2, and Rao3). The obtained ideal machining condition is 16N wire-tension, 3 m/min wire-speed, 8 kg/mm² flushing-pressure, 21A discharge current, and 14 µs spark-on-time. The result has also been compared with the JAYA-algorithm and improved-grey wolf optimizer (I-GWO) to demonstrate the efficacy of the intended approach. The confirmation test has been conducted and obtained that the GFRG-based results are further improved by using a hybrid GFRG-based Rao-algorithm of 9.55%, 2.36%, and 7.99% as Cs, KW and RA, respectively. Furthermore, this study shows that the proposed multi-objective optimization method not only leads to more stable solutions but also to shorter run times and enhanced quality to support engineers in reducing the cost of item failures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"537 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Coupling Dynamics of a High Dimensional Nonlinear Riser Structure and Floating Platform by Truncated Equivalent Method","authors":"L. Guo,&nbsp;X. Pang,&nbsp;J. Kuang,&nbsp;S. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Nie","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00677-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00677-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper represents an experimental and theoretical study of dynamic characteristics of coupling resonance between a deep-water riser (DR) and a floating platform. The super long DR used for transporting offshore oil &amp; gas is a high dimensional nonlinear pipeline, and the complex characteristics of coupling response is clarified when the heave amplitude or frequency of the floating platform changes. By using the method of reverse combination of test data (RCTD), a fluid-structure coupling model of DR acted by internal fluid, wave flow and floating platform is constructed. Truncated equivalent method and frequency search method are both adopted to deal with the 1300 m DR during the experimental study on mechanism of coupling resonance. Results of the scaled model tests show that higher order resonance is easy to occur when the DR transports high-density fluid, and amplitude jump phenomenon appears in the resonance region at the DR top, which is closely related to the internal fluid transported. According to the transformation of similarity relationship, the results of scaled model test and numerical calculation are consistent, and equivalent truncation method is convenient to study the large-scale nonlinear DR structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"523 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Prediction for Hole-Splitting Damage of DP Steels Based on Plastic Work Criterion Using a Polynomial Stress Potential","authors":"M. Firat,&nbsp;T. A. Akşen,&nbsp;B. Şener,&nbsp;E. Esener","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00676-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00676-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main purpose of this study is to exhibit failure prediction capability of polynomial-based yield functions with a basic damage model. For this purpose, a constitutive model considering anisotropic plasticity and ductile fracture was developed. In this model, anisotropic plastic behavior of dual phase steels, namely DP600 and DP800, was described by quadratic Hill48 and non-quadratic anisotropic homogeneous the fourth-order polynomial (HomPol4) stress potentials and the generalized plastic work criterion from ductile damage models was used for the prediction of fracture initiation. The model has been implemented into an implicit finite element (FE) code. The parameters of the constitutive model were calibrated with uniaxial tensile tests performed in different directions with respect to the rolling direction of the materials and anisotropic stress potentials were evaluated by comparison of the predicted in-plane variations of the plastic properties (yield stress ratios and Lankford coefficients), and yield locus contours with experimental data. The calibrated model was firstly applied to uniaxial tensile test and then to a hole expansion test to predict fracture. The stroke values at fracture, hole expansion ratios (HER) and fracture locations were investigated. Any significant difference between the anisotropic stress potentials was not observed in terms of HER predictions, however plastic work criterion in conjunction with HomPol4 function predicted the crack initiation locations accurately on the fractured samples. Afterward, the Lode parameter and stress triaxiality effects were investigated in fracture stroke prediction. Since the HomPol4 predictions of fracture initiation locations are accurate, the predicted HomPol4 results from the generalized plastic work criterion were compared with the modified Mohr-Coulomb ductile fracture model results. A significant improvement was observed in the fracture displacement predictions. However, it is seen that the failure location predictions of both models were the same. From these results, it can be concluded that the HomPol4 yield criterion has an effective potential to predict the failure locations even though with a basic damage model. In the current study, the out-of-plane anisotropy effect was assessed as well. To this end, Hill48’s parameter correlated with the out-of-plane shear components were adjusted. It was found that the out-of-plane anisotropy has a negligible effect on the predictions of HER and fracture initiation location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"501 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Experimental Methods for the Correlation of Hardness with the Propagation Velocity of Ultrasonic Signals in Steel: A Proposal for an Undergraduate Material Science Lecture","authors":"E. Rojas-Mancera,&nbsp;A. Balvantín,&nbsp;J. A. Diosdado-De-la-Peña,&nbsp;E. Hernández-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00674-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00674-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work provides the description of an experimental study for assessing the hardness of metallic test samples, subjected to the Jominy End-Quench Hardenability Test, by employing typical microhardness tests. Additionally, experimental measurements of the propagation velocity of ultrasound in the test samples were correlated with the microhardness results. A systematic protocol is presented for undergraduate mechanical engineering lectures, addressing the development of experiments, including the sorting and analysis of the resulting data; also, its impact on the expected competencies and abilities of the students is discussed. Several test samples of AISI 4140 steel were used for three experimental sets: heat-treated with the Jominy End-Quench Hardenability Test, fully tempered, and non-treated samples. All samples were evaluated by using typical microhardness tests and ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements to quantify their hardness at multiple locations. The proposed methodology not only strengthened some of the different required abilities of engineering students but also introduces a new procedure, using ultrasonic signals, to estimate hardness in undergraduate programs. The obtained results show a significant correlation between the experimental data from microhardness and ultrasonic measurements, with a maximum precision of -96.36% (inverse correlation) within the studied range. A discussion is provided regarding the means of improving the skills of undergraduate students in the course of Material Science, including experimental mechanical testing abilities through these systematic methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"559 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion of “Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Sand Improved by Polyurethane Foam”, by Ghasemi et al. (2023), Published in Experimental Techniques. DOI.org/10.1007/s40799-023-00633-5","authors":"A. C. Taiba,&nbsp;Y. Mahmoudi,&nbsp;M. Belkhatir","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00675-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00675-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"395 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}