Experimental Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Analysis and Solution for the Vibration of Direct-Acting Pressure Valve Under Small Opening Conditions","authors":"F. Hou,&nbsp;C. Liu,&nbsp;J. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Lu,&nbsp;X. Liu,&nbsp;H. Jiang,&nbsp;Z. Tang,&nbsp;P. Fang","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00678-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00678-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The boundary performance of direct-acting pressure valves (DAPV) is significantly impacted by surging in small opening situations. This paper illustrates the causes of vibration of DAPVs under small opening conditions from the viewpoints of statics and dynamics. This paper studies a pressure valve using several techniques. These include studying the structural dynamics of the pressure valve using experimental and modal analysis methods, simulating the pressure valve vibration process using flow-solid-control coupling simulation methods, and studying the internal jet characteristics of the pressure valve using non-constant flow field simulation analysis methods. Based on the conclusions drawn from the above methods, several possible effective vibration damping methods are proposed to improve the performance of DAPVs under low flow conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"569 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Computing Based Parametric Optimization of Cutting Rate, Surface Roughness, and Kerf Width in Wire Electric Discharge Machining of High Strength Ti-3Al-2.5 V","authors":"Anshuman Kumar,&nbsp;Chandramani Upadhyay,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar,&nbsp;A. V. S. Ram Prasad,&nbsp;Dusanapudi Siva Nagaraju","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00681-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00681-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study focused on the machinability of Ti-3Al-2.5 V for wire-electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using \"BroncoCut-X wire\" (zinc-coated copper wire). The machining characteristics have been evaluated by varying wire-tension (T_w), wire-speed (S_w), flushing-pressure (P_f), discharge current (I_d), and spark-on-time (S_on). The response characteristics associated with cutting-speed (Cs), kerf-width (KW), and surface roughness (RA) have been collected and analyzed using main-effect plots, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The maximum Cs and minimum KW and RA are obtained upto 8.90 mm/min, 3.34 µm and 0.2218 mm, respectively. Additionally, the novelty lies in the smart hybrid prediction tool considering the conflicting nature of responses are converted into single responses using Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and Fuzzy Interference System (FIS) (Namely: Gray-Fuzzy Reasoning Grade (GFRG)). Furthermore, the optimal performance is calculated using Rao-algorithms (i.e., Rao1, Rao2, and Rao3). The obtained ideal machining condition is 16N wire-tension, 3 m/min wire-speed, 8 kg/mm² flushing-pressure, 21A discharge current, and 14 µs spark-on-time. The result has also been compared with the JAYA-algorithm and improved-grey wolf optimizer (I-GWO) to demonstrate the efficacy of the intended approach. The confirmation test has been conducted and obtained that the GFRG-based results are further improved by using a hybrid GFRG-based Rao-algorithm of 9.55%, 2.36%, and 7.99% as Cs, KW and RA, respectively. Furthermore, this study shows that the proposed multi-objective optimization method not only leads to more stable solutions but also to shorter run times and enhanced quality to support engineers in reducing the cost of item failures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"537 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Coupling Dynamics of a High Dimensional Nonlinear Riser Structure and Floating Platform by Truncated Equivalent Method","authors":"L. Guo,&nbsp;X. Pang,&nbsp;J. Kuang,&nbsp;S. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Nie","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00677-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00677-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper represents an experimental and theoretical study of dynamic characteristics of coupling resonance between a deep-water riser (DR) and a floating platform. The super long DR used for transporting offshore oil &amp; gas is a high dimensional nonlinear pipeline, and the complex characteristics of coupling response is clarified when the heave amplitude or frequency of the floating platform changes. By using the method of reverse combination of test data (RCTD), a fluid-structure coupling model of DR acted by internal fluid, wave flow and floating platform is constructed. Truncated equivalent method and frequency search method are both adopted to deal with the 1300 m DR during the experimental study on mechanism of coupling resonance. Results of the scaled model tests show that higher order resonance is easy to occur when the DR transports high-density fluid, and amplitude jump phenomenon appears in the resonance region at the DR top, which is closely related to the internal fluid transported. According to the transformation of similarity relationship, the results of scaled model test and numerical calculation are consistent, and equivalent truncation method is convenient to study the large-scale nonlinear DR structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"523 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Prediction for Hole-Splitting Damage of DP Steels Based on Plastic Work Criterion Using a Polynomial Stress Potential","authors":"M. Firat,&nbsp;T. A. Akşen,&nbsp;B. Şener,&nbsp;E. Esener","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00676-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00676-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main purpose of this study is to exhibit failure prediction capability of polynomial-based yield functions with a basic damage model. For this purpose, a constitutive model considering anisotropic plasticity and ductile fracture was developed. In this model, anisotropic plastic behavior of dual phase steels, namely DP600 and DP800, was described by quadratic Hill48 and non-quadratic anisotropic homogeneous the fourth-order polynomial (HomPol4) stress potentials and the generalized plastic work criterion from ductile damage models was used for the prediction of fracture initiation. The model has been implemented into an implicit finite element (FE) code. The parameters of the constitutive model were calibrated with uniaxial tensile tests performed in different directions with respect to the rolling direction of the materials and anisotropic stress potentials were evaluated by comparison of the predicted in-plane variations of the plastic properties (yield stress ratios and Lankford coefficients), and yield locus contours with experimental data. The calibrated model was firstly applied to uniaxial tensile test and then to a hole expansion test to predict fracture. The stroke values at fracture, hole expansion ratios (HER) and fracture locations were investigated. Any significant difference between the anisotropic stress potentials was not observed in terms of HER predictions, however plastic work criterion in conjunction with HomPol4 function predicted the crack initiation locations accurately on the fractured samples. Afterward, the Lode parameter and stress triaxiality effects were investigated in fracture stroke prediction. Since the HomPol4 predictions of fracture initiation locations are accurate, the predicted HomPol4 results from the generalized plastic work criterion were compared with the modified Mohr-Coulomb ductile fracture model results. A significant improvement was observed in the fracture displacement predictions. However, it is seen that the failure location predictions of both models were the same. From these results, it can be concluded that the HomPol4 yield criterion has an effective potential to predict the failure locations even though with a basic damage model. In the current study, the out-of-plane anisotropy effect was assessed as well. To this end, Hill48’s parameter correlated with the out-of-plane shear components were adjusted. It was found that the out-of-plane anisotropy has a negligible effect on the predictions of HER and fracture initiation location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"501 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Experimental Methods for the Correlation of Hardness with the Propagation Velocity of Ultrasonic Signals in Steel: A Proposal for an Undergraduate Material Science Lecture","authors":"E. Rojas-Mancera,&nbsp;A. Balvantín,&nbsp;J. A. Diosdado-De-la-Peña,&nbsp;E. Hernández-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00674-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00674-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work provides the description of an experimental study for assessing the hardness of metallic test samples, subjected to the Jominy End-Quench Hardenability Test, by employing typical microhardness tests. Additionally, experimental measurements of the propagation velocity of ultrasound in the test samples were correlated with the microhardness results. A systematic protocol is presented for undergraduate mechanical engineering lectures, addressing the development of experiments, including the sorting and analysis of the resulting data; also, its impact on the expected competencies and abilities of the students is discussed. Several test samples of AISI 4140 steel were used for three experimental sets: heat-treated with the Jominy End-Quench Hardenability Test, fully tempered, and non-treated samples. All samples were evaluated by using typical microhardness tests and ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements to quantify their hardness at multiple locations. The proposed methodology not only strengthened some of the different required abilities of engineering students but also introduces a new procedure, using ultrasonic signals, to estimate hardness in undergraduate programs. The obtained results show a significant correlation between the experimental data from microhardness and ultrasonic measurements, with a maximum precision of -96.36% (inverse correlation) within the studied range. A discussion is provided regarding the means of improving the skills of undergraduate students in the course of Material Science, including experimental mechanical testing abilities through these systematic methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"559 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion of “Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Sand Improved by Polyurethane Foam”, by Ghasemi et al. (2023), Published in Experimental Techniques. DOI.org/10.1007/s40799-023-00633-5","authors":"A. C. Taiba,&nbsp;Y. Mahmoudi,&nbsp;M. Belkhatir","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00675-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00675-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"395 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-Scale Wind Tunnel for the Investigation of the Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Performance of Building Materials","authors":"R. Cacciotti,&nbsp;B. Wolf,&nbsp;M. Macháček","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00672-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00672-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate significantly affects the performance of building materials and its changing patterns are posed to increasingly exacerbate the projected impacts. Prevention strategies are indeed necessary to ensure avoiding excessive degradation and serious damage to the built environment. In this context, innovative and accessible methodologies and tools are required to investigate and characterize the interaction between material properties and climatic factors. This paper presents an innovative device for the simulation of natural ventilation, relative humidity and temperature fluctuations and for evaluating the performance of building materials subjected to different environmental scenarios. The presented results include the design, construction and validation of a small-scale wind tunnel (2 m × 1.8 m ca. vertical orientation). Key findings outline the adequacy of the tool in reproducing a stable, quality airflow with the following characteristics: achievable operational airflow speed ranges between 0.2 and 0.7 m/s, safe operational temperature is included between 10℃ and 35℃ and allowable operational relative humidity varies between 30 and 99%. Advantages and limitations for laboratory applications are outlined in the paper and future work is also suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"485 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Rotary Friction Welding Pressure on the Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Friction Welds Made of the Alloys TiAl6V4 and 2024 Aluminum","authors":"H. E. Lakache,&nbsp;A. May,&nbsp;R. Badji,&nbsp;S. E. Benhammouda,&nbsp;S. Ramtani","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00671-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00671-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is a study of the mechanical properties and microstructures of the similar friction weld joints (TiAl6V4 and AA2024) using a servo-controlled Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) system. The friction welding operations were performed with seven different values of the friction pressure in the range of 2–14 MPa. The temperature is recorded during friction welding tests using k-type thermocouples. Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were carried out to obtain the mechanical properties of the friction weld joints. Microstructural changes of individual zone of the friction welds were investigated using an optical microscope (OM), and the fracture surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For AA2024, the fracture occurs most frequently in the central zone, resulting in lower tensile strength values, while for TiAl6V4, the fracture is occurs outside the friction weld interface, indicating that the friction weld joint is more resistant than the base metal. Microscopic analysis of the fracture surfaces of the AA2024 samples revealed diverse morphologies, with rough cupular surfaces predominating, indicating a dominant ductile fracture mode. Similarly, TiAl6V4's friction welded specimen also exhibited cupules of various sizes across its surface, primarily associated with a ductile fracture mode. Overall, the optimal friction pressure values (respectively 8 and 10 MPa for TiAl6V4 and AA2024) correspond to the highest values of the mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"473 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135982367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Cover: Deflection Measurement of Bridge Using Images Captured Under the Bridge by Sampling Moiré Method","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00673-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00673-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"47 5","pages":"939 - 939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24849820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Particle Concentration and Size on the Time-Averaged Velocity of Oil","authors":"C. Bin,&nbsp;L. Ge","doi":"10.1007/s40799-023-00669-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-023-00669-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000 It is of great significance for the safe operation of oil equipment to know the influence of particle size and concentration on the time-averaged velocity of oil. The oil with different particle size and concentration were tested using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement technology in an exceedingly square tube, the instant velocity vector information of the oil flow field was non-inheritable, and the time-averaged velocity distributions were analyzed along the flow direction and normal direction. The results showed that the flow time-flow-averaged velocity of the oil-containing particles is a quasi-parabola shape along the normal direction, and its variation amplitude increases with the decrease of the particle concentration and reaches the highest value when the particle size is 25 μm. The normal time-flow-averaged velocity has the extreme value along the normal direction when the particle concentration is low, and the variation range is large; when the normal position ranges from 0 to 0.2 and above 0.2, the unidirectional of the normal time-flow-averaged velocity of the oil is reversed. The distribution of the flow time-normal-averaged velocity along the flow direction is also a quasi-parabolic shape, and its variation amplitude is more uneven with the decrease of particle concentration. Similarly, the distribution of the normal time-normal-averaged velocity along the flow direction increases with the decrease of particle concentration, and this trend is more obvious when the particle size is 25 μm. These changes make the motion characteristics of the oil unstable, which is not conducive to the stable realization of the function of the oil equipment, so the presence of particles in the oil has an important impact on the motion characteristics of the oil and even the accurate and reliable operation of the equipment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 3","pages":"461 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75988186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}