Brain and Cognition最新文献_第8页

Increased neural activity of right temporo-parietal junction causes different effect on altruism in situations of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity 在有利和不利的不公平情况下，右颞顶叶交界处神经活动的增加对利他主义产生不同的影响。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106061

Shijing Wu, Shenggang Cai, Yingxiao Li, Guanxing Xiong, Hanqi Zhang

{"title":"Increased neural activity of right temporo-parietal junction causes different effect on altruism in situations of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity","authors":"Shijing Wu, Shenggang Cai, Yingxiao Li, Guanxing Xiong, Hanqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Altruism is defined as the performance of “costly acts that confer economic benefits on other individuals”, which is one of the major puzzles in the behavioural sciences today. Altruistic behaviour not only facilitates interpersonal adaptation and harmony but also enhances social welfare and social responsibility. The right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) has been proposed as playing a key role in guiding human altruistic behaviour, but its precise functional contribution to altruistic behaviour in situations of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to modulate the activation of the rTPJ through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in order to clarify the causal role of the rTPJ in altruistic behaviour in situations of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity. A total of 106 participants were randomly assigned to one of three stimulation conditions: anodal tDCS stimulation on the rTPJ; sham tDCS stimulation on the rTPJ and anodal tDCS stimulation on the primary visual cortex (VC)as the control group, and. After 20 min of stimulation, participants undertook a modified dictator game that measured altruistic behaviour. Mixed-effect logistic regressions were applied to statistical analyses in this study. The results indicated that anodal tDCS over the rTPJ increased participants’ altruistic tendency by increasing their tendency to choose altruistic options in trials with higher cost, as well as their tendency to behave altruistically in situations of advantageous but not disadvantageous inequity. These results suggested that increased neural activity of the rTPJ leads to different impacts on altruism in these two different inequity situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10262569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Separating the role of perceptual and conceptual fluency on masked word priming using event-related potentials 用事件相关电位分离知觉流畅性和概念流畅性在掩蔽词启动中的作用

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106089

P. Andrew Leynes, Himani Kolli, Samridhi Sawhney

{"title":"Separating the role of perceptual and conceptual fluency on masked word priming using event-related potentials","authors":"P. Andrew Leynes, Himani Kolli, Samridhi Sawhney","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Masked word repetition increases “old” responses on an episodic recognition test (Jacoby & Whitehouse, 1989). This effect is commonly attributed to perceptual fluency; that is, unconscious perception of the prime speeds reading of the target and this fluency leads to elevated familiarity. Two experiments directly tested the claim that perceptual fluency is responsible for word priming effects. Experiment 1 held prime-target meaning constant and altered the physical characteristics of match primes (e.g., “RIGHT” primes “RIGHT”) by including both lowercase (e.g, “right”) and mixed case primes (e.g., “rIgHt”). If word priming effects are due to perceptual fluency, then lowering the perceptual overlap between the prime and target should decrease or eliminate word priming effects. Instead, all three conditions showed robust priming effects in the behavioral and ERP (i.e., N400) measures. Experiment 2 equated the prime-target perceptual features and lowered the conceptual overlap by using orthographically similar nonwords as primes (e.g., “JIGHT” primes “RIGHT”). Removing prime-target conceptual overlap eliminated behavioral evidence of priming and N400 ERP differences correlated with priming. The evidence suggests that word priming effects on episodic recognition memory are more likely a product of conceptual fluency than perceptual fluency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The neural substrates of how model-based learning affects risk taking: Functional coupling between right cerebellum and left caudate 基于模型的学习如何影响风险承担的神经基础：右小脑和左尾状神经之间的功能耦合。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106088

Hangfeng Huo , Elise Lesage , Wenshan Dong , Tom Verguts , Carol A. Seger , Sitong Diao , Tingyong Feng , Qi Chen

{"title":"The neural substrates of how model-based learning affects risk taking: Functional coupling between right cerebellum and left caudate","authors":"Hangfeng Huo , Elise Lesage , Wenshan Dong , Tom Verguts , Carol A. Seger , Sitong Diao , Tingyong Feng , Qi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Higher executive control capacity allows people to appropriately evaluate risk and avoid both excessive risk aversion and excessive risk-taking. The neural mechanisms underlying this relationship between executive function and risk taking are still unknown. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis combined with resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) to evaluate how one component of executive function, model-based learning, relates to risk taking. We measured individuals’ use of the model-based learning system with the two-step task, and risk taking with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Behavioral results indicated that risk taking was positively correlated with the model-based weighting parameter ω. The VBM results showed a positive association between model-based learning and gray matter volume in the right cerebellum (RCere) and left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL). Functional connectivity results suggested that the coupling between RCere and the left caudate (LCAU) was correlated with both model-based learning and risk taking. Mediation analysis indicated that RCere-LCAU functional connectivity completely mediated the effect of model-based learning on risk taking. These results indicate that learners who favor model-based strategies also engage in more appropriate risky behaviors through interactions between reward-based learning, error-based learning and executive control subserved by a caudate, cerebellar and parietal network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current perspectives on the brain connectome 关于大脑连接体的最新观点。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106080

Victor Frak, Henri Cohen

引用次数: 0

Time flows vertically in Chinese 中文里时间是垂直流动的

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106057

Yang Li , Gary Oppenheim , Guillaume Thierry

{"title":"Time flows vertically in Chinese","authors":"Yang Li , Gary Oppenheim , Guillaume Thierry","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Speakers of Mandarin Chinese are thought to conceptualise time along the vertical axis—as evidence for metaphor embodiment—but the extant behavioural evidence remains unclear. Here, we used electrophysiology to test space–time conceptual relationships implicitly in native speakers of Chinese. We employed a modified arrow flanker task, in which the central arrow in a set of three was replaced by a spatial word (e.g., 上–‘up’), a spatiotemporal metaphor (e. g., 上个月–‘last month’, literally ‘up month’) or a non-spatial temporal expression (e.g., 去年 –‘last year’, literally ‘gone year’). N400 modulations of event-related brain potentials served to measure the level of perceived congruency between semantic word content and arrow direction. Critically, we tested whether N400 modulations expected for spatial words and spatial temporal metaphors would generalise to non-spatial temporal expressions. In addition to the predicted N400 effects, we found a congruency effect of a similar magnitude for non-spatial temporal metaphors. On the basis of direct brain measurements indexing semantic processing, and in the absence of contrastive behavioural patterns, we demonstrate that native speakers of Chinese conceptualise time along the vertical axis, and thus have embodied spatiotemporal metaphors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9941317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations acquired through fast mapping evoke an N400 semantic priming effect when feature overlap is high 当特征重叠度较高时，通过快速映射获得的联想会产生N400语义启动效应

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106054

Ann-Kathrin Zaiser , Regine Bader , Patric Meyer

引用次数: 0

Testing the influence of semantic and perceptual training on the formation of unitized representations 测试语义和感知训练对统一表征形成的影响

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106039

Emma Delhaye, Christine Bastin

引用次数: 0

Development of memory generalization and specificity in childhood 儿童时期记忆泛化和特异性的发展