Brain and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Aerobic walking exercise training boosts thalamic connectivity in MS patients with cognitive processing speed impairment.","authors":"Brian M Sandroff, Robert W Motl, Glenn R Wylie, Grace E Wells, Carly L A Wender, Mary Ann Picone, Krupa Pandey, John DeLuca, Gary R Cutter","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study involved a single-blind, randomized controlled trial on the effects of aerobic treadmill walking exercise training compared with an active control condition as an approach to modify thalamocortical resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) as a neurobiological correlate of cognitive processing speed (CPS) impairment in 28 fully-ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) who were pre-screened for impaired CPS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed baseline assessments of CPS and underwent resting-state fMRI to measure thalamocortical RSFC. Following baseline, participants were randomly assigned into either 12-weeks of supervised, aerobic treadmill walking exercise training or 12-weeks of stretching and range-of-motion activities (active control condition). After the 12-week study period, participants underwent follow-up assessments of CPS and thalamocortical RSFC using a treatment-blinded assessor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aerobic treadmill walking exercise training was associated with significantly increased RSFC between the thalamus and frontal/parietal regions relative to the active control condition. By comparison, the active control condition was associated with significantly increased RSFC between the thalamus and occipital regions relative to the treadmill condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current RCT provides critical information on underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of aerobic treadmill walking exercise training and stretching and range-of-motion activities among fully-ambulatory, but CPS impaired persons with MS. This is important for informing the design of aerobic exercise programs that selectively target thalamocortical RSFC as an approach to improve CPS in persons with MS. Such programs may be ripe for inclusion in a future mechanistic trial focusing on thalamocortical RSFC as a mediator of exercise effects on CPS in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"106349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor beta oscillations contribute to the temporal binding effect","authors":"José Luis Ulloa ,&nbsp;Roberta Vastano ,&nbsp;Ole Jensen ,&nbsp;Marcel Brass","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agency, the feeling of controlling one’s actions and their consequences, is closely linked to temporal binding, a phenomenon where the interval between a voluntary action and its outcome is subjectively compressed. While prior research has linked temporal binding to sensorimotor processes, the role of neural oscillations remains unclear. In this study, we combined electroencephalography with an automatic imitation task to examine how trial-by-trial variations in motor-related brain rhythms predict temporal binding. Twenty-eight participants performed lifting finger movements in response to visual imperative stimuli. Following each response, they estimated the interval between their action and a subsequent tone. Time-frequency analysis and linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that reduced beta desynchronization predicted stronger temporal binding, independent of action congruency. These results suggest that motor beta oscillations reflects the temporal experience of action-effect coupling, likely reflecting predictive motor processes involved in the construction of voluntary actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological correlates of short-term recognition of sounds: Insights from magnetoencephalography","authors":"E. Serra ,&nbsp;M. Lumaca ,&nbsp;E. Brattico ,&nbsp;P. Vuust ,&nbsp;M.L. Kringelbach ,&nbsp;L. Bonetti","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a same versus different auditory paradigm to investigate short-term auditory recognition within a predictive coding (PC) framework. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we captured the neurophysiological correlates associated with a single-sound, short-term memory task. Twenty-six healthy participants were tasked with recognizing presented sounds as same or different compared to strings of standards. A<!--> <!-->white noise interlude separated targets from standards. MEG sensor-level results revealed that recognition of same sounds elicited two significantly stronger negative components of the event-related field compared to different sounds. The first, N1m, peaking 100 ms post-sound onset, while the second corresponded to a slower negative component arising between 300 and 600 ms. This effect was observed in several significant clusters of MEG sensors, especially temporal and parietal regions. Conversely, different sounds produced scattered and smaller clusters of stronger activity than same sounds, peaking later than 600 ms after sound onset. Source reconstruction using beamforming algorithms revealed involvement of auditory cortices, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus in both conditions. Overall, results are coherent with PC principles and previous results on the brain mechanisms underlying auditory recognition, highlighting the relevance of early and later negative brain responses for successful prediction of previously listened sounds in the context of conscious short-term memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional connectivity insights: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobule in self-control and cognitive reappraisal","authors":"Zixiao Xiong ,&nbsp;Hengyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Ting Xu ,&nbsp;Jicheng Huang ,&nbsp;Chenxu Yang ,&nbsp;Tingyong Feng ,&nbsp;Pan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-control denotes the capacity to regulate impulses, modulate behavior and cognition in the service of long-term goals, especially when facing motivational conflicts. Cognitive reappraisal involves adaptively modifying one’s appraisal of events through reinterpretation to reduce negative affect. Although both behavioral and neuroimaging studies support the association between self-control and cognitive reappraisal, the specific regulatory mechanisms of the prefrontal-parietal network in this relationship still require further investigation. To address this issue, this study systematically investigated the brain-behavior regulatory mechanisms between self-control and cognitive reappraisal by analyzing behavioral-neuroimaging data from 358 participants, combining resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and mediation analysis. The behavioral results confirmed a positive correlation between the variables. Moreover, neuroimaging results revealed the functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) was associated with self-control and played a mediating role in the association with cognitive reappraisal. Together, these findings suggest that dlPFC-SPL functional connectivity may serve as the neural basis for the association between self-control and cognitive reappraisal, providing novel insights into the association between self-control and cognitive reappraisal and offering a new neurobehavioral perspective on their interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distractor-induced deafness: ERP correlates of auditory distractor processing","authors":"Sophie Hanke,&nbsp;Michael Niedeggen","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distractor-induced deafness (DID) refers to the impaired detection of an auditory target when preceded by a rapid sequence of auditory distractors sharing the target’s features. We examined whether the neural signatures underlying DID resemble those found in visual distractor-induced blindness (DIB). Participants completed a rapid serial auditory presentation (RSAP) task in which distractor number and cue-target onset asynchrony were systematically manipulated. Behaviorally, target detection declined with increasing distractor number, closely replicating the behavioral DIB effect. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) evoked by the distractors, however, revealed modality-specific differences: In contrast to earlier DIB findings, the amplitude of a fronto-central negativity decreased with increasing distractor load in the auditory task. Whereas the ERP responses in the visual DIB setup supported the notion of a cumulative inhibitory mechanism triggered by distractors, the current DID findings are rather in line with temporal expectation accounts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of rumination and social anxiety: Mediating role of vmPFC connectivity in resting-state fMRI","authors":"Li Geng ,&nbsp;Qiuyang Feng ,&nbsp;Xueyang Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Jiang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rumination is closely associated with social anxiety and is considered a key cognitive factor in its onset and persistence. Both processes engage brain functions related to self-referential cognition and emotional regulation; however, the neural pathways linking rumination and social anxiety remain incompletely understood. Using resting-state neuroimaging data from 470 participants, we conducted voxel-based functional connectivity analysis focusing on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a key region implicated in self-referential processing and affective regulation. Results showed that functional connectivity between the anterior vmPFC and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was significantly associated with both rumination and social anxiety, and mediated their association. Notably, functional connectivity related to social anxiety was primarily observed in the anterior rather than the posterior vmPFC, suggesting that social anxiety may be closely linked to heightened sensitivity to social value and reward cues. This study reveals the central role of the vmPFC in integrating self-related cognition and emotion regulation, demonstrating how its functional connectivity mediates the influence of rumination on social anxiety, thereby deepening our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying social anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural basis of cognitive processing: A review and a speculative architecture","authors":"Willem B. Verwey","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this article is to explore what cognitive research can reveal about the way in which the neural system processes information. To that end, a comprehensive review of cognitive/behavioral and neuroscience models and findings is presented along with ideas as to how the human neural system has evolved. The representation of information in short-term memory (STM) is ascribed to stable oscillatory patterns across hierarchically structured functional networks of neocortical areas. These oscillatory patterns are primarily shaped by information in long-term memory (LTM) that is stored in the synaptic connections between neurons and, consequently, between neural areas. It is argued for the first time that the non-sensory and non-motor information processing stages revealed by behavioral research involve the change of potentially brain-wide oscillatory patterns that follow the reconfiguring of temporary neural networks. These network configurations can be governed by hub areas in the perceptual cortices (serving stimulus identification), the hippocampus (declarative memory), and the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex (motor behavior, STM, and information processing). These ideas are integrated into a tentative neural <em>Three-Level Systems</em> (TLS) architecture comprising evolutionarily older perceptual and motor systems that are linked by a flexible central processing system located in the evolutionarily more recent association cortex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the link between brain injury and enhanced artistic skills","authors":"Diego Iacono ,&nbsp;Gloria C. Feltis","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic brain injury (TBI), whether from a single incident or repeated trauma, is a heterogeneous neurological condition known for its cognitive, motor, and behavioral effects. However, its potential to influence or even enhance artistic creativity remains a lesser-studied phenomenon. This review explores evidence suggesting that TBI can give rise to novel or intensified artistic abilities, drawing on case reports and neuroimaging studies.</div><div>We examine brain regions commonly involved in creative processes − including the prefrontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices, as well as subcortical and limbic areas − and how TBI-related damage, such as diffuse axonal injury and focal contusions, may alter their function. Proposed mechanisms include cortical disinhibition and compensatory neuroplasticity, potentially unmasking latent creative capacities.</div><div>Neuroimaging findings, including fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), highlight altered connectivity in networks such as the default mode and executive control systems. Comparisons with conditions like frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which can also trigger emergent creativity, help distinguish trauma-induced reorganization from neurodegenerative changes.</div><div>Finally, we consider implications for neurorehabilitation, particularly the therapeutic use of art, and reflect on the ethical dimensions of post-TBI artistic transformation. Artistic expression is proposed as a marker of adaptive brain plasticity and identity reconstruction following injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An error in our thinking: The sensory conflict hypothesis of combined action observation and motor imagery","authors":"Matthew W. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The capacity to learn and adapt movement and skills through non-physical forms of practice provides benefits which extend across disciplines such as rehabilitation and<!--> <!-->sports. Two non-physical forms of practice are action observation (i.e., watching an action; AO) and motor imagery (i.e., cognitively simulating<!--> <!-->performing an action; MI). Researchers and practitioners now often adopt an integrated approach, where one observes an action while concurrently imagining the feeling of performing the action (termed congruent AOMI). Congruent AOMI results in greater corticomotor activity and improved behavioral outcomes compared to its independent counterparts. Despite existing theoretical frameworks seeking to explain these effects, empirical findings remain inconclusive. This article critically evaluates previous hypotheses before advancing an alternative – the Sensory Conflict Hypothesis (SCH). Situated in an internal modelling framework, the SCH proposes greater corticomotor activity and improved behavioral outcomes to be driven by the occurrence and reduction of sensory prediction errors, respectively. The SCH is further discussed in the context of differing actions during AOMI, where actions are associated in some form (coordinative AOMI) or differ in both action kinematics and goals (conflicting AOMI), with implications for cognitive engagement discussed. The SCH presents new, testable avenues of research to further understand<!--> <!-->the relationship between AO and MI, and how to optimize their integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring facial expression processing with fast periodic visual stimulation and diverse stimuli","authors":"David Vandenheever ,&nbsp;Haleigh Davidson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Kemp ,&nbsp;Zack Murphy ,&nbsp;Autumn Kujawa ,&nbsp;Jingyi Shi ,&nbsp;Michael R. Nadorff ,&nbsp;Kayla Bates-Brantley ,&nbsp;MacKenzie Sidwell","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facial expression recognition is a fundamental aspect of human social interaction, enabling effective communication and emotional understanding. Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) paradigms have recently emerged as a powerful approach for studying facial expression processing. However, previous studies often utilized identical base stimuli, making it difficult to disentangle neural responses to low-level perceptual differences from those reflecting conceptual discrimination of emotion. By introducing variability in our stimuli, we aimed to overcome these limitations and investigate neural responses to facial expressions of anger, fear, happiness, and sadness. Using EEG, robust oddball responses were observed across participants at both individual and group levels, demonstrating the paradigm’s sensitivity even with brief recordings and limited post-processing. Significant neural responses were detected across key regions of interest, with the occipital and right occipito-temporal regions showing increased activity, consistent with previous studies investigating facial expression processing. This study highlights the effectiveness of the FPVS paradigm for examining emotional processing using naturalistic stimuli and provides a framework for future research into neural mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition in diverse and pathological populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}