Brain and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"The brain under pressure: Exploring neurophysiological responses to cognitive stress","authors":"S.C. Wriessnegger ,&nbsp;M. Leitner ,&nbsp;K. Kostoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress is an increasingly dominating part of our daily lives and higher performance requirements at work or to ourselves influence the physiological reaction of our body. Elevated stress levels can be reliably identified through electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate (HR) measurements. In this study, we examined how an arithmetic stress-inducing task impacted EEG and HR, establishing meaningful correlations between behavioral data and physiological recordings. Thirty-one healthy participants (15 females, 16 males, aged 20 to 37) willingly participated. Under time pressure, participants completed arithmetic calculations and filled out stress questionnaires before and after the task. Linear mixed effects (LME) allowed us to generate topographical association maps showing significant relations between EEG features (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma power) and factors such as task difficulty, error rate, response time, stress scores, and HR. With task difficulty, we observed left centroparietal and parieto-occipital theta power decreases, and alpha power increases. Furthermore, frontal alpha, delta and theta activity increased with error rate and relative response time, while parieto-temporo-occipital alpha power decreased. Practice effects on EEG power included increases in temporal, parietal, and parieto-occipital theta and alpha activity. HR was positively associated with frontal delta, theta and alpha power whereas frontal gamma power decreases. Significant alpha laterality scores were observed for all factors except task difficulty and relative response time, showing overall increases in left parietal regions. Significant frontal alpha asymmetries emerged with increases in error rate, sex, run number, and HR and occipital alpha asymmetries were also found with run number and HR. Additionally we explored practice effects and noted sex-related differences in EEG features, HR, and questionnaire scores. Overall, our study enhances the understanding of EEG/ECG-based mental stress detection, crucial for early interventions, personalized treatment and objective stress assessment towards the development of a neuroadaptive system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early environmental influences on brain development and executive function.","authors":"Bonnie Alberry, Patrícia Pelufo Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"106241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One hour walk improves inhibitory control and increases prefrontal cortex activation","authors":"Elizabeth Roe ,&nbsp;James McIntyre ,&nbsp;Kell Grandjean da Costa ,&nbsp;Julie A. Cantelon ,&nbsp;Tad T. Brunyé ,&nbsp;Grace E. Giles","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular physical activity is deemed beneficial to physical, cognitive, and emotional health. Walking may be an accessible means of meeting physical activity recommendations and improving cognition. However, exercise effects on cognition are often explored at shorter durations (30 min or less), with fewer studies exploring how cognition is impacted during longer bouts of exercise. 36 (7 women) civilians and active-duty soldiers completed a VO₂ max test and two one-hour walks, one at and one below the ventilatory threshold (VT), on separate days. They completed the Go/No-Go and Task-Switching Tasks before, every 15 min during, and immediately after exercise, while wearing a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to monitor prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Response speed during the Go/No-Go task was improved at VT compared to sub-VT at the expense of task accuracy. FP cortex was deactivated during exercise in the Task-Switching Task, potentially due to the increased competition for resources between the frontal cortex and movement related areas. As a result, exercise at or below VT may improve or impair cognitive performance and activation in executive function-related areas depending on the task type and exercise intensity level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing healthy and pathological aging: A systematic review of fMRI task-based studies to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive reserve","authors":"Marika Mauti ,&nbsp;Bianca Monachesi ,&nbsp;Giovanni Taccari ,&nbsp;Raffaella I. Rumiati","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the varying trajectories of cognitive decline in healthy and pathological ageing. CR is often operationalized in terms of socio-behavioural proxies that modulate cognitive performance. Individuals with higher CR are known to maintain better cognitive functions, but evidence on the underlying brain activity remains scattered. Here we review CR studies using functional MRI in young, healthy and pathologically elderly individuals. We focus on the two potential neural mechanisms of CR, neural reserve (efficiency of brain networks) and neural compensation (recruitment of additional brain regions), and the effect of different proxies on them. The results suggest increased task-related activity in different cognitive domains with age and compensation in case of difficult task and pathology. The effects of proxies lead to increased neural reserve (reduced brain activity) in both older and younger individuals. Their relationship with compensation remains unclear, largely due to the lack of young adult samples, particularly in clinical studies. These findings underscore the critical role of lifelong engagement in mentally enriching activities for preserving cognitive function during aging. New studies are encouraged to refine the CR theoretical and empirical framework, particularly regarding the measurement of socio-behavioral proxies and their relationship with cognitive decline and neural underpinning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity in procrastination and emotion regulation","authors":"Keli Li ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingyong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Procrastination, an irrational delay of intended action, leads to numerous adverse effects in many life domains, such as low academic performance, poor mental health, and financial distress. Previous studies have revealed a substantial negative correlation between emotional regulation and procrastination. However, the neural basis for the association between emotion regulation and procrastination remains unclear. Therefore, we employed the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) methods to explore the neural substrates underlying how emotion regulation is responsible for procrastination (<em>N</em> = 243). In line with our hypothesis, the results showed a significant negative correlation between emotion regulation ability and procrastination. Additionally, the VBM analysis showed that emotion regulation ability was positively correlated with gray matter (GM) volumes in the right dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The mediation analysis revealed that emotion regulation ability mediated the relationship between the GM volumes of the right dlPFC and procrastination. Furthermore, the RSFC results indicated that right dlPFC-left insula functional connectivity was positively associated with emotion regulation ability. Emotion regulation ability further mediated the relationship between the right dlPFC-left insula functional connectivity and procrastination. The current findings suggest that the neural pathway related to cognitive control over aversive emotion may be responsible for the close relationship between emotion regulation and procrastination, which provides a novel perspective for explaining the tight association between emotion regulation and procrastination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontal GABA levels associate with musical rhythm production in healthy aging adults","authors":"Mark K. Britton ,&nbsp;Aaron Colverson ,&nbsp;Ronald A. Cohen ,&nbsp;Xavier Velez ,&nbsp;Damon G. Lamb ,&nbsp;Eric C. Porges ,&nbsp;John B. Williamson","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in neuronal inhibition have been implicated in age-related declines in sensorimotor performance. While indirect evidence suggests that inhibitory mechanisms are also involved in rhythm entrainment, this association has not been tested. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we tested the association between dorsomedial frontal GABA+/H2O concentrations and musical rhythm production in healthy younger (n = 14; 18–35) and older (n = 12; 55–79) adults, hypothesizing that lower GABA+/H2O concentrations would be associated with increased timing error, particularly on more difficult exercises, and intra-individual variability (quantified via mean successive squared difference (MSSD)). Rhythm learning exercises were presented in order of complexity. Linear mixed effects modeling revealed GABA+/H2O-by-exercise number interaction (β = -0.59, p = 0.006) such that participants with lower GABA+/H2O showed greater performance decrement with increasing exercise difficulty. GABA+/H2O trended toward an inverse association with MSSD (β = -0.25, p = 0.089), such that higher GABA+/H2O was associated with lower variability in performance. Older age was associated with increased absolute timing error (β = 0.66, p &lt; 0.001) and greater MSSD (β = 0.86, p = 0.012). However, there was no evidence for age group differences in GABA+/H2O−performance relationships. This finding suggests that GABAergic neuronal inhibition may be important in musical rhythm production across age groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical brain potentials in response to lower limb proprioceptive stimuli in young adults with probable developmental coordination disorder","authors":"Yu-Ting Tseng ,&nbsp;Yi-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;Chia-Liang Tsai ,&nbsp;Chun-Hsiang Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106224","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Proprioceptive deficits have been shown to underlie motor problems in individuals with a probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). Behavioral studies have employed response times to passive limb movement to evaluate proprioceptive function in individuals with pDCD. However, the underlying neural mechanisms involved in the cortical processing of proprioceptive input and its corresponding motor response are unclear. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances using event-related potentials (ERP) on proprioceptive-motor tasks in young adults with pDCD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;From a total of 149 young adults screened using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition Complete Form (BOT-2), 12 individuals with pDCD were identified (mean age ± SD: 20.50 ± 1.08 years) along with 12 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age ± SD: 20.75 ± 1.05 years). Participants placed their dominant foot on a passive ankle motion apparatus that plantarflexed the ankle at a constant velocity of 22°/s for a total of 75 trials in each proprioceptive condition. With vision occluded, participants had to press the trigger button held by the dominant hand when they sensed the passive motion of the ankle (voluntary response, VR), or purely receive the movement without a voluntary response (non-voluntary response, NVR). Behavioral performances [i.e., mean movement detection time (MDT&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt;), the standard deviation of the movement detection time (MDT&lt;sub&gt;SD&lt;/sub&gt;)] and ERP indices (i.e., N1, P3 amplitude, and latency) related to ankle kinesthetic stimuli were obtained to determine the proprioceptive-motor function.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited longer MDT&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) and MDT&lt;sub&gt;SD&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002) compared to their controls. Electrophysiological indices measured at frontal and central electrode sites, showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited significantly smaller N1 (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.019) and P3 amplitudes (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.032) during VR and NVR conditions. Notably, correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between MDT&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt; and N1 (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.62, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) and P3 amplitudes (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = − 0.55, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.005) in the VR condition in young adults with and without pDCD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study sheds light on the central brain mechanisms underlying proprioceptive-motor deficits in young adults with pDCD. The combined analysis of behavioral and ERP data suggests that longer MDT&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt; and larger MDT&lt;sub&gt;SD&lt;/sub&gt; in young adults with pDCD are associated with weaker proprioceptive afferent inflow shown by decreased N1 amplitude to the frontal and parietal cortices. Such degraded proprioceptive signals are followed by reduced P3 amplitude, suggesting tha","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention allocation in foreign language reading anxiety during lexical processing − An ERP study with cue-target paradigm","authors":"Lina Li ,&nbsp;Qianqian Yu ,&nbsp;Qing Guan ,&nbsp;Hehui Li ,&nbsp;Yue-jia Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive behavioral and pedagogical studies emphasize the negative impact of foreign language reading anxiety on foreign language reading. This study investigated whether foreign language reading anxiety is correlated with dysregulation of attentional allocation while foreign language reading. We used event-related potential (ERP) indices as biomarkers to examine attention allocation between groups with high foreign language reading anxiety (HFLRA) and low foreign language reading anxiety (LFLRA) using a cue-target paradigm under conditions that posed high (valid condition) or low (invalid condition) expectations on target location. Behavioral results indicated that HFLRA individuals exhibited significantly lower accuracy compared to LFLRA individuals in both valid and invalid conditions. ERP analyses demonstrated that HFLRA individuals showed significant differences in attentional allocation compared to LFLRA individuals, as reflected by later N2 latency and stronger LPC amplitude, particularly in the invalid condition. Additionally, LFLRA individuals demonstrated a significant difference in N2 latency between valid and invalid conditions, which was not observed in HFLRA individuals. These findings suggest that HFLRA individuals experience inefficient attentional allocation during foreign language reading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition, emotion, and the default mode network","authors":"Nicola Sambuco","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Default Mode Network (DMN) is increasingly recognized as a key hub where cognitive and emotional processes converge, particularly through its role in integrating episodic memory and emotional experiences. The current mini-review highlights three distinct patterns of brain activity within the DMN associated with emotional processing. The first pattern indicates that, while the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) encodes the pleasantness of memories, other DMN regions support episodic content construction. The second pattern suggests the interaction between the DMN and regions outside of it, such as the amygdala and anterior insula, which contribute to the emotional significance of memories. The third pattern shows widespread activation across the DMN for both pleasant and unpleasant events, challenging the notion of a modular organization of cognition and emotion. The first two patterns appear to result from methodological choices in some studies, while a non-modular view of cognition and emotion in the DMN has recently emerged as the most plausible. These findings support the integration of cognitive and emotional processes within the DMN, suggesting that it plays a fundamental role in constructing coherent and emotionally charged narratives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing expectation and attention effects in processing temporal patterns of visual input","authors":"Joann Huizhen Tang ,&nbsp;Selina S. Solomon ,&nbsp;Adam Kohn ,&nbsp;Elyse S. Sussman","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigated how the brain sets up expectations from stimulus regularities by evaluating the neural responses to expectations driven implicitly (by the stimuli themselves) and explicitly (by task demands). How the brain uses prior information to create expectations and what role attention plays in forming or holding predictions to efficiently respond to incoming sensory information is still debated. We presented temporal patterns of visual input while recording EEG under two different task conditions. When the patterns were task-relevant and pattern recognition was required to perform the button press task, three different event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were elicited, each reflecting a different aspect of pattern expectation. In contrast, when the patterns were task-irrelevant, none of the neural indicators of pattern recognition or pattern violation detection were observed to the same temporally structured sequences. Thus, results revealed a clear distinction between expectation and attention that was prompted by task requirements. These results provide complementary pieces of evidence that implicit exposure to a stimulus pattern may not be sufficient to drive neural effects of expectations that lead to predictive error responses. Task-driven attentional control can dissociate from stimulus-driven expectations, to effectively minimize distracting information and maximize attentional regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}