Brain and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Semantic predictability and semantic relevance through different neural mechanisms to improve memory performance","authors":"Jiaojian Dai ,&nbsp;Peipeng Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaohuan Li ,&nbsp;Jingwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Liuqing Tian ,&nbsp;Xinrui Mao ,&nbsp;Chunyan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that semantic predictability and semantic relevance enhance the semantic activation of target words and improve memory performance. However, it is unclear whether semantic predictability and semantic relevance affect memory performance through the same neural mechanisms. The present study examined how semantic processing of semantic predictability and semantic relevance during encoding affects episodic memory retrieval. In our experiments (Experiment 1: item recognition; Experiment 2: associative recognition), we compared behavioral and EEG indicators across true (predictable), invalid (unpredictable but semantically relevant), and anomalous (unpredictable and semantically irrelevant) conditions. In both experiments, memory performance was best in the true condition. In Experiment 1, the old/new effect of FN400 was observed in the invalid condition, while the old/new effect of LPC was observed in the true condition. In Experiment 2, the old/new effects of FN400 and LPC were observed in the invalid condition. In the true condition, only the old/new effect of LPC was observed. These results suggest that semantic predictability and semantic relevance influence FN400 and LPC in different ways. These findings demonstrate that there are differences between semantic predictability and semantic relevance in retrieving information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticospinal suppression in response to pics with implied hand actions: A follow up TMS study","authors":"Riccardo Dalla Volta ,&nbsp;Francesco Scarfone ,&nbsp;Dario Brambilla ,&nbsp;Roberto Esposti ,&nbsp;Paolo Cavallari","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Presentation of bodily actions is known to affect motor system activity in perceivers’ brain. A previous study (Gianelli, Kuehne, Lo Presti, Mencaraglia &amp; Dalla Volta, 2020) employing hand-tool interaction with apparent motion showed early suppression of corticospinal excitability in hand muscles. To control for the role of apparent motion and to investigate the suppression duration, in the present follow up study participants observed pics displaying hand-tool actions, with no apparent motion but only implied motion. Single pulse TMS was delivered on the hand sector of the left motor cortex at 1 s after fixation cross (baseline), at 150, 350, 500 and 700 ms from stimulus onset, while motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the contralateral first dorsal interosseus muscle. Results showed a difference in MEP amplitude between hand action-related and control pics where hand action observation suppressed corticospinal excitability, suggesting early and enduring motor inhibition. In addition, MEP amplitude decreased over time. These findings rule out a necessary role of apparent motion, indicating that the simple presentation of hand actions with implied motion effectively induced motor inhibition. Corticospinal suppression may act to prevent the motor system from automatically transforming observed actions into overt movements whenever an action is observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reserve in young-onset cognitive impairment","authors":"Chiara Carbone ,&nbsp;Riccardo Maramotti ,&nbsp;Erica Balboni ,&nbsp;Daniela Beltrami ,&nbsp;Daniela Ballotta ,&nbsp;Roberta Bedin ,&nbsp;Chiara Gallingani ,&nbsp;Manuela Tondelli ,&nbsp;Simone Salemme ,&nbsp;Federico Gasparini ,&nbsp;Giulia Vinceti ,&nbsp;Alessandro Marti ,&nbsp;Annalisa Chiari ,&nbsp;Luca Nocetti ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Pagnoni ,&nbsp;Giovanna Zamboni","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive reserve (CR) reflects brain’s resilience to pathology, enabling to maintain function despite structural damage. This study investigates its role in young-onset cognitive impairment (&lt;65 years) beyond brain integrity and neurodegeneration. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment – including the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) –, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood neurofilaments light-chain (NfLs) measurement. Scores of <em>global cognition</em> and domain-specific cognition were derived from Principal Component Analyses of neuropsychological results. Linear regression models estimated CR’s contribution to <em>global</em> and domain-specific cognition, alongside age, sex, MRI measures, and NfLs as predictors. Among the 115 participants, <em>global cognition</em> was significantly explained by CR [effect size (ES) = 0.229], grey matter volume (ES = 0.348), and NfLs (ES = −0.302). The effect of CR was prominent on <em>language</em> and <em>attentional-executive functions</em>: while the CRIq subscore related to education predicted performance in both these domains, the subscore related to leisure activities was positively associated with the <em>language</em> domain only. These findings highlight CR’s protective role in young-onset cognitive impairment, particularly for non-amnestic cognitive domains<em>.</em> Since a high CR can mask or compensate for neurological cognitive disorders delaying its diagnosis, our results suggest that measures of CR, including time spent on leisure activities, should be considered when interpreting neuropsychological tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistency of affective responses to naturalistic stimuli across individuals using intersubject correlation analysis based on neuroimaging data","authors":"Junhyeok Jang,&nbsp;Jongwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained for naturalistic emotional stimuli to examine the consistency of neural responses among participants in specific regions related to valence. We reanalyzed fMRI data from 17 participants as they watched episodes of “Sherlock” and used emotional ratings from 125 participants. To determine regions where neural response patterns were synchronized across participants based on the pattern of valence changes, intersubject correlation analysis was conducted. As a validation analysis, multidimensional scaling was conducted to investigate emotional representation for significant regions of interest. The results revealed increased neural synchrony in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, bilateral superior frontal cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, right anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral inferior frontal cortices during the presentation of positive scenes. Also, the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and bilateral medial temporal gyrus exhibited increased neural synchrony as negative scenes were presented. Moreover, the left inferior frontal cortex and right superior frontal gyrus were found to be engaged in emotion representation and display increased neural synchrony. These findings provide insights into the differential neural responses to emotionally evocative naturalistic stimuli as compared to conventional experimental stimuli. Also, this study highlights the future potential for using intersubject correlation analysis for examining consistency of neural responses to naturalistic stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistent neural representation of valence in encoding and recall","authors":"Hyeonjung Kim,&nbsp;Jongwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recall is an act of elicitation of emotions similar to those emotions previously experienced. Unlike the past experiences where external sensory stimuli triggered emotions, recall does not require external sensory stimuli. This difference is pertinent to the key debate in affective representation, addressing whether the representation of valence is consistent across modalities (modality-general) or dependent on modalities (modality-specific). This study aimed to verify neural representations of valence between encoding and recall. Using neuroimaging data from movie watching and recall (Chen et al., 2017) and behavioral data for valence ratings (Kim et al., 2020), a searchlight analysis was conducted with cross-participant regression-based decoding between movie watching and recall. Multidimensional scaling was employed as a validation analysis of the results from searchlight analysis. The searchlight analysis revealed the right middle temporal and inferior temporal gyrus as well as the left fusiform gyrus. The validation analysis further exhibited significant consistent neural representations of valence in the inferior temporal gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus. This study identified the brain regions where valence is consistently represented between encoding and recall about real events. These findings contribute to debate in affective representations, by comparing conditions utilized little in prior, suggesting the inferior temporal gyrus relates to representations of valence during encoding and recalling natural events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the biphasic nature of the N400-P600 complex underlying language comprehension","authors":"Francesca Delogu ,&nbsp;Christoph Aurnhammer ,&nbsp;Harm Brouwer ,&nbsp;Matthew W. Crocker","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ERP literature on language comprehension reveals variability in observing monophasic N400 versus biphasic N400-P600 effects in response to incongruent input, with the reasons for this inconsistency remaining unclear. Two interrelated factors may contribute: spatiotemporal overlap between the N400 and P600, where a strong N400-effect can obscure the P600, and the P600’s sensitivity to depth of processing, as determined by the experimental setting. Building on previous findings reporting monophasic N400-effects with plausibility judgments, we investigated whether comprehension questions, encouraging more natural reading and deeper processing of the full content, would elicit a biphasic effect, suggesting reduced component overlap in such settings. Using a design fully crossing lexical association and plausibility, we found that the N400 is modulated by association and the P600 by plausibility. Crucially, a biphasic pattern emerged for implausible and unrelated words, suggesting a mitigation of component overlap compared to previous studies employing plausibility judgments. We interpret the results in light of current accounts of the N400 and P600, arguing that the empirical evidence strongly supports single-stream over multi-stream models. Importantly, our findings highlight the critical role of both component overlap and task demands in shaping the data that inform the development and evaluation of theoretical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Word perception and upper-lower visual field asymmetries","authors":"Deborah J. Serrien,&nbsp;Louise O’Regan","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Left-hemispheric lateralisation generally associates with superiority of language processing, facilitated by specialist representational and attentional influences, albeit characterised by individual differences due to handedness. In this research, we examine perceptual processing of linguistic input in left- and right-handers, and assess lateral asymmetries in the vertical dimension that is embedded within upper-lower visual fields. We use a behavioural design with presentation of bilateral stimuli (upper or lower) visual field locations during match and mismatch conditions. The data revealed that both groups were more successful in the upper than lower visual field. However, left- as compared to right-handers demonstrated increased processing in these locations, indicating beneficial effects that point to stronger perceptual responsiveness. The observations are indicative of intrinsic cross-hemispheric biases as well as acquired patterns due to perceptuo-motor experiences. In addition, hand and eye preference facilitated responses in bilateral upper visual field locations. The findings propose intricate connections between manual and attentional control with perceptual asymmetries that are steered by dedicated mechanisms. In conclusion, the data illustrate that hand and eye preference act as mediators that guide responding to visual input within the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing an alternative explanation improves misinformation rejection and alters event-related potentials during veracity judgements","authors":"Sean Guo ,&nbsp;Danni Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continued influence effect of misinformation (CIE) occurs when misinformation affects memory and decision making even after correction. Here, we examined the neurocognitive processes underlying the correction and subsequent veracity judgements of misinformation. Employing electroencephalography (EEG), we examined event-related potentials (ERPs): the P300 during encoding of corrections, and the P300 and FN400 during subsequent veracity judgement. We compared ERPs between three conditions: misinformation that was retracted (retraction only), misinformation that was retracted with a correct alternative cause provided (retraction + alternative), and true information that was later confirmed (confirmation). Results showed that alternatives reduced the CIE significantly. During veracity judgements, the retraction + alternative condition exhibited a higher P300 than the retraction only condition, suggesting enriched recollection processes when re-encountering misinformation if an alternative explanation existed. In contrast, both retraction only and retraction + alternative conditions elicited a less negative FN400 compared to the confirmation condition, suggesting higher conceptual processing fluency of misinformation. Moreover, we found that greater levels of P300 when encoding retraction and alternative causes in the retraction + alternative condition were associated with improved veracity judgement accuracy. Together, these findings suggested that when providing an alternative cause in correcting misinformation, both recollection and encoding processes contributed to reduced CIE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of facial emotion processing over 12 weeks in healthy participants","authors":"Jane B. Allendorfer ,&nbsp;Adam M. Goodman ,&nbsp;M. David Diggs ,&nbsp;Caroline G. Byington ,&nbsp;Rodolphe Nenert ,&nbsp;Gabriella C. Taylor ,&nbsp;Krista Tocco ,&nbsp;Rachel Underwood ,&nbsp;Stephen Correia ,&nbsp;W. Curt LaFrance Jr. ,&nbsp;Jerzy P. Szaflarski","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have assessed influences of mood state on facial emotion processing changes. We examined if the repeatability of fMRI facial emotional processing in healthy participants (HCs) is affected by mood state changes and hypothesized that fMRI activation would be stable but may be influenced by mood state fluctuations. In a multi-site study, thirty-two HCs underwent emotion faces task (EFT) fMRI and completed a post-scan facial emotion rating and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) ∼ 12 weeks apart. FMRI data were processed using AFNI software. POMS and behavioral data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the sign test, as appropriate. Paired-samples t-tests, covarying for site, assessed fMRI responses for facial emotions (Happy, Fearful, Sad, Neutral) and Arousal. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) examined repeatability of POMS and fMRI responses; regression analyses examined relationships between mood changes and fMRI activations. There were no significant differences between visits in POMS, EFT performance or post-scan ratings accuracy. POMS scores were stable (ICC ≥ 0.74). FMRI activation exhibited repeatability that was fair or better (ICC ≥ 0.4). EFT activation changes were not significantly related to mood state changes. Our results provide evidence for acceptable EFT fMRI test–retest reliability over 12 weeks, without significant influence of mood state variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to 24-hour activity cycle and a whole brain volumetric approach in adolescence: A cross-sectional study – The Cogni-Action project","authors":"Carlos Cristi-Montero ,&nbsp;Javier Sanchez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Espinoza-Puelles ,&nbsp;Ricardo Martinez-Flores ,&nbsp;Sam Hernandez-Jaña","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While adherence to the WHO 24-hour movement guidelines has been linked to improved health outcomes, its relationship with brain morphology remains underexplored, particularly in understudied populations such as Latin American adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study examined brain morphology in 58 Chilean adolescents using structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Brain volumes, including total gray matter, cortical, subcortical, hippocampal, and amygdala regions, were analyzed. Adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep guidelines was assessed via accelerometry, while screen time was self-reported. Linear regression models were used to explore associations between guideline adherence and brain volumes, with p-values corrected using the FDR method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Independently, most adolescents met only the screen time guideline (55 %), while fewer met sleep duration (12 %) or MVPA based on the sample-specific cutoff (27 %), with none meeting the international MVPA criterion. In combination, only 9 % adhered to both sleep and screen time recommendations, and no participants met all three guidelines. Notably, only adherence to screen time recommendations showed a trend-level association with lower total gray matter, cortical, subcortical, hippocampal, and amygdala volumes (FDR p-value &lt; 0.100).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that adolescents’ daily habits—screen time, physical activity, and sleep—have complex relationships with brain development, which may sometimes diverge from expected patterns, as seen in the case of meeting screen time guidelines. As the first study conducted in Latin American adolescents, these suggests proposes that the relationship between these behaviors and brain development may differ from what has been reported in high-income countries, highlighting the need for further research in diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}