Brain and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Providing an alternative explanation improves misinformation rejection and alters event-related potentials during veracity judgements","authors":"Sean Guo ,&nbsp;Danni Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continued influence effect of misinformation (CIE) occurs when misinformation affects memory and decision making even after correction. Here, we examined the neurocognitive processes underlying the correction and subsequent veracity judgements of misinformation. Employing electroencephalography (EEG), we examined event-related potentials (ERPs): the P300 during encoding of corrections, and the P300 and FN400 during subsequent veracity judgement. We compared ERPs between three conditions: misinformation that was retracted (retraction only), misinformation that was retracted with a correct alternative cause provided (retraction + alternative), and true information that was later confirmed (confirmation). Results showed that alternatives reduced the CIE significantly. During veracity judgements, the retraction + alternative condition exhibited a higher P300 than the retraction only condition, suggesting enriched recollection processes when re-encountering misinformation if an alternative explanation existed. In contrast, both retraction only and retraction + alternative conditions elicited a less negative FN400 compared to the confirmation condition, suggesting higher conceptual processing fluency of misinformation. Moreover, we found that greater levels of P300 when encoding retraction and alternative causes in the retraction + alternative condition were associated with improved veracity judgement accuracy. Together, these findings suggested that when providing an alternative cause in correcting misinformation, both recollection and encoding processes contributed to reduced CIE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of facial emotion processing over 12 weeks in healthy participants","authors":"Jane B. Allendorfer ,&nbsp;Adam M. Goodman ,&nbsp;M. David Diggs ,&nbsp;Caroline G. Byington ,&nbsp;Rodolphe Nenert ,&nbsp;Gabriella C. Taylor ,&nbsp;Krista Tocco ,&nbsp;Rachel Underwood ,&nbsp;Stephen Correia ,&nbsp;W. Curt LaFrance Jr. ,&nbsp;Jerzy P. Szaflarski","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have assessed influences of mood state on facial emotion processing changes. We examined if the repeatability of fMRI facial emotional processing in healthy participants (HCs) is affected by mood state changes and hypothesized that fMRI activation would be stable but may be influenced by mood state fluctuations. In a multi-site study, thirty-two HCs underwent emotion faces task (EFT) fMRI and completed a post-scan facial emotion rating and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) ∼ 12 weeks apart. FMRI data were processed using AFNI software. POMS and behavioral data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the sign test, as appropriate. Paired-samples t-tests, covarying for site, assessed fMRI responses for facial emotions (Happy, Fearful, Sad, Neutral) and Arousal. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) examined repeatability of POMS and fMRI responses; regression analyses examined relationships between mood changes and fMRI activations. There were no significant differences between visits in POMS, EFT performance or post-scan ratings accuracy. POMS scores were stable (ICC ≥ 0.74). FMRI activation exhibited repeatability that was fair or better (ICC ≥ 0.4). EFT activation changes were not significantly related to mood state changes. Our results provide evidence for acceptable EFT fMRI test–retest reliability over 12 weeks, without significant influence of mood state variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to 24-hour activity cycle and a whole brain volumetric approach in adolescence: A cross-sectional study – The Cogni-Action project","authors":"Carlos Cristi-Montero ,&nbsp;Javier Sanchez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Espinoza-Puelles ,&nbsp;Ricardo Martinez-Flores ,&nbsp;Sam Hernandez-Jaña","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While adherence to the WHO 24-hour movement guidelines has been linked to improved health outcomes, its relationship with brain morphology remains underexplored, particularly in understudied populations such as Latin American adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study examined brain morphology in 58 Chilean adolescents using structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Brain volumes, including total gray matter, cortical, subcortical, hippocampal, and amygdala regions, were analyzed. Adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep guidelines was assessed via accelerometry, while screen time was self-reported. Linear regression models were used to explore associations between guideline adherence and brain volumes, with p-values corrected using the FDR method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Independently, most adolescents met only the screen time guideline (55 %), while fewer met sleep duration (12 %) or MVPA based on the sample-specific cutoff (27 %), with none meeting the international MVPA criterion. In combination, only 9 % adhered to both sleep and screen time recommendations, and no participants met all three guidelines. Notably, only adherence to screen time recommendations showed a trend-level association with lower total gray matter, cortical, subcortical, hippocampal, and amygdala volumes (FDR p-value &lt; 0.100).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that adolescents’ daily habits—screen time, physical activity, and sleep—have complex relationships with brain development, which may sometimes diverge from expected patterns, as seen in the case of meeting screen time guidelines. As the first study conducted in Latin American adolescents, these suggests proposes that the relationship between these behaviors and brain development may differ from what has been reported in high-income countries, highlighting the need for further research in diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive shifts in pain perception under moral enhancement conditions: Evidence from an EEG study","authors":"He Wang ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhong ,&nbsp;Shuyu Jia ,&nbsp;Yujia Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Bian ,&nbsp;XiuJun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In social life, empathy and morality are often viewed as inseparable and mutually reinforcing. Pain empathy is a key form of empathy, and understanding how social moral factors affect pain empathy is an important challenge. This study uses various EEG analysis methods to explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms by which moral enhancement affects pain empathy. Behavioral results showed significantly higher ratings for painful stimuli compared to non-painful ones. ERP analysis revealed that, under moral enhancement, pain stimuli elicited more negative N1 amplitudes and more positive P3 amplitudes. Time-frequency analysis indicated that moral enhancement inhibited theta band activity in response to painful stimuli. Functional connectivity analysis showed stronger connections in the frontal, right temporal, and occipital regions under moral enhancement and in the frontal, right temporal, and parietal regions when viewing painful stimuli. Additionally, machine learning results indicated that functional connections between the right temporal and parietal regions have significant negative predictive power for moral enhancement during painful stimuli. This study reveals the complex effects of moral enhancement on pain-related stimuli, demonstrating that it not only increases adaptability to pain but also enhances moral judgment, offering new insights into the interaction between moral cognition and emotional responses with significant theoretical and practical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the effects of high autistic traits on neural markers of learning and memory: An EEG approach analysis","authors":"Ellis M. Parsons,&nbsp;Mathew R. Hammerstrom,&nbsp;Anya Nazaroff,&nbsp;Mckinley Kemp,&nbsp;Patrick Montgomery,&nbsp;Sarah Macoun,&nbsp;Olave E. Krigolson","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>A body of electroencephalographic (EEG) research demonstrates that executive functioning (EF) differences exist in autistic people. Here, we aimed to investigate how and to what extent these EF differences appear in people with high autistic traits in contrast to a low autistic traits comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study used a series of EEG markers (frontal theta power, frontal beta power, the reward positivity ERP component, and the P300 ERP component) to examine potential differences in EF over the course of gambling and oddball tasks. Qualitative research measures to include the perspectives of the autistic people who took part in the study were also used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While frontal theta and beta power differed between groups, we observed no significant component or correlational differences. However, it was found that high autistic traits participants perceived their task performance as worse than low autistic traits participants despite task performance being equal across groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>EF differences as measured by frontal theta and beta power were observed across groups. Self-perception of task performance may differ in high autistic traits participants when asked to complete tasks under a time constraint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural impact of anti-G suits on pilots: Analyzing microstates and functional connectivity","authors":"Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Li Ding ,&nbsp;Shouwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overload represents a significant challenge for pilots in flight, with a substantial impact on flight safety. Currently, the primary method of protection is the utilization of inflatable anti-G suit to address instances where blood is concentrated in the lower extremities. The inflatable air pressure of the anti-G suit varies in response to different overload conditions, which in turn affects the pilot’s sensory and brain loads. However, this change has not yet been fully explored. To investigate the neural effects of pressure from the anti-G suit under different degrees of overload, this paper employs a pressurized simulation methodology. The subjects’ brain state changes during the simulation are measured through electroencephalogram (EEG), and comparative calculations are performed using microstate and functional connectivity. The final results demonstrate that varying inflation levels of the bladder anti-G suit can influence the microstate and functional connectivity. The Duration, Coverage, Occurrence, and transition probability (TP) characteristics of microstate C demonstrated significant variance across three distinct levels of overload. The mean increase in Phase Locking Value (PLV) for overload 3 relative to the absence of overload was 13.8%, and the number of channel synchronizations underwent a transition from 7 to 62.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of lexical, sublexical and motor processes in word handwriting","authors":"Olivia Afonso ,&nbsp;Alberto Avilés ,&nbsp;Carlos J. Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Writing recruits a vast neural network underpinning both linguistic and motor processes. Previous studies have tried to identify which brain areas underpin both the linguistic and motor aspects of writing. However, little is known about the neural substrate of the lexical and sublexical “routes” for spelling. In this fMRI study, participants (n = 25) copied or saw/read symbols or words. Words varied in lexical frequency and phonology-to-orthography (P-O) consistency. Anterior parts of the inferior frontal gyrus were selectively recruited when copying P-O inconsistent words, while the right Heschl’s gyrus was recruited only when copying consistent words. Non-specific motor and linguistic areas were also identified. Our results contribute to our knowledge of the neural substrate of the lexical and sublexical spelling routes and suggest that different brain areas might be involved in the lexical processing of input (reading) and output (writing) orthography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation links dark personalities to malevolent creative behavior","authors":"Zhenni Gao ,&nbsp;Xinuo Qiao ,&nbsp;Kelong Lu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malevolent creativity refers to the ability to generate ideas that cause harm to oneself or others. While previous research has touched on how personality traits influence malevolent creative behavior, the neural mechanisms involved remain underexplored. This study investigated the brain patterns associated with malevolent creative behavior and how these patterns are mediated by dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and positive traits (internalization, symbolization, and honesty-humility). Our findings revealed that Machiavellianism mediated the relationship between the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the left medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG), pallidum (PAL), and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and malevolent creative behavior, particularly in actions like hurting people or playing tricks. Psychopathy similarly mediated the link between the ALFF in the right orbital middle frontal gyrus (oMFG), right mSFG, left PAL, and left MTG and malevolent creative behavior. Additionally, Machiavellianism negatively mediated the relationship between the fractional ALFF (fALFF) of the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and hurting people, as well as between the fALFF of the left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) and playing tricks. The ALFF in the left mSFG and left MTG predicted playing tricks but also negatively predicted internalization and honesty-humility, which in turn reduced engagement in playing tricks. Finally, the fALFF of the left IOG negatively predicted playing tricks and positively predicted internalization, which again decreased playing tricks. These findings highlight the complex interaction between brain activity, personality traits, and malevolent creative behavior, offering a potential path for targeted interventions and further research into this interesting phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of anticipatory brain activity in a time discrimination task","authors":"Stefania Lucia ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Russo","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate anticipatory functions in temporal cognition, identifying the presence of proactive brain processing specifically preceding a time discrimination task. To this aim, two discriminative response tasks (DRTs) were employed: a feature DRT and a temporal (T-DRT). While the F-DRT required discrimination among different geometrical shapes, the T-DRT required discrimination among different stimulus durations. Specifically, this study investigated the role of premotor and prefrontal cortices, and sensory visual areas in preparatory activity preceding time-processing by electroencephalographic methods and analyzing the event-related potential (ERP). ERP components associated with motor (the BP), cognitive (the pN), and sensory readiness (the vN) were analyzed on 21 participants completing the two DRTs. The results support the involvement of all considered brain areas in temporal cognition but extend this information by indicating that these areas can be engaged during the preparation phase before the stimulus is delivered. Furthermore, the T-DRT requires strong anticipatory activity in the PFC likely serving as a moderator of upcoming motor responses. Finally, visual areas were greatly engaged in the early phase of sensory readiness of the T-DRT probably to create top-down low-level representations of imminent events to facilitate perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Be ready to manage stress “Before” and “After” a critical event. What the EEG and autonomic correlates tell us","authors":"Laura Angioletti ,&nbsp;Katia Rovelli ,&nbsp;Michela Balconi","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined behavioral, electrophysiological (EEG), and autonomic responses to stress during the preparation and speech stages of five discourses among 26 adults. Participants underwent an increasingly stressful job-interview based on a modified Trier Social Stress Test, receiving feedback from an evaluative board. Findings showed increased RTs, higher cardiovascular responses [Pulse Volume Amplitude (PVA), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)] and generalized increases in EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) during the speech compared to the preparation stage. The rising emotional salience of the discourses induced a negativity bias and extensive low-frequency band activation (delta and theta) across the scalp in response to emotional demands. High-frequency bands exhibited a plateau effect, indicating less cognitive involvement as the discourses progressed. In our opinion, a possible interpretation is that this effect could be due to habituation mechanisms or coping strategies. Autonomic results revealed significant variations in PVA, with higher levels during the first discourse preparation, indicating substantial cognitive effort. Despite increased emotional arousal, participants managed stress effectively, as evidenced by increased HRV during the speech stage. Overall, during progressively increasing ecological psychosocial stress, individuals displayed marked emotional reactions in terms of low-frequency bands and cardiovascular indices, particularly during the first speeches rather than the preparation stages of an interview.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}