Brain and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"The CODECS study: COgnitive DEficits in Cerebellar Stroke","authors":"Ruben S. van der Giessen ,&nbsp;Djaina Satoer ,&nbsp;Peter J. Koudstaal","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Part of the extra-pyramidal system, the cerebellum is more and more recognized by its non-motor functions known as the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Several studies have identified disturbances specifically in executive and attentional functions after focal cerebellar lesions. However, most studies were performed in small and heterogeneous patient groups. Furthermore, there is a substantial variation in the methodology of assessment. Here, we present the results of a large and homogeneous cohort of patients with isolated uniform cerebellar lesions. After three months post-stroke all patients underwent structural neuroimaging to confirm an isolated lesion and were given neuropsychological testing. The results show that cerebellar lesions relate to mild but long-term cognitive impairment in a broad spectrum of neurocognitive functions compared to normative values. These findings confirm involvement of the cerebellum in cognitive processing and supports the theory of ‘dysmetria of thought’ based upon uniform cerebellar processing in multiple cognitive domains. This study highlights the following results: 1-Cognitive impairments after isolated cerebellar stroke is confirmed in several cognitive domains. 2-Semantic and phonemic fluency are most affected in cerebellar stroke patients. 3-Verbal deficits show an age-independent long term effect post-stroke and should be studied further in depth. 4-Cognitive disorders after cerebellar stroke are more prominent in women than men.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262623001616/pdfft?md5=420b2afe84162ce51b919ec28e299fd7&pid=1-s2.0-S0278262623001616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporo-Parietal cortex activation during motor imagery in older adults: A case study of Baduanjin","authors":"Xiaoxia Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaoke Zhong ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanfu Dai ,&nbsp;Yuan Yang ,&nbsp;Changhao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Age-associated cognitive and motor decline is related to central nervous system injury in older adults. Motor imagery training (MIT), as an emerging rehabilitative intervention, can activate neural basis similar to that in actual exercise, so as to promote motor function in older adults. The complex motor skills rely on the functional integration of the cerebral cortex. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying motor imagery in older adults would support its application in motor rehabilitation and slowing cognitive decline. Based on this, the present study used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record the changes in oxygen saturation in older adults (20 participants; mean age, 64.8 ± 4.5 years) during Baduanjin motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI). ME significantly activated the left postcentral gyrus, while the oxy-hemoglobin concentration in the right middle temporal gyrus increased significantly during motor imagery. These results indicate that advanced ME activates brain regions related to sensorimotor function, and MI increases the activation of the frontal-parietal cortex related to vision. In older adults, MI overactivated the temporo-parietal region associated with vision, and tend to be activated in the right brain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monocular eye patching modulates ipsilesional reactive saccades and smooth pursuit in patients with left hemispatial neglect","authors":"Nadine Schenke ,&nbsp;Paul Eling ,&nbsp;Thomas Duning ,&nbsp;Helmut Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with hemispatial neglect show multiple oculomotor deficits like delayed contralesional saccade latencies, hypometric saccade amplitudes, and impaired smooth pursuit. We aimed to investigate whether modulation of superior colliculus (SC) activity via monocular eye patching improves neglect patients’ eye movements to the contralesional side of space. Thirteen neglect patients with left-hemispheric (LH) stroke, 22 neglect patients with right-hemispheric (RH) stroke, and 24 healthy controls completed a video-oculographic examination of horizontal smooth pursuit and reactive saccades twice, while the left or right eye was covered with an eye patch. Independent of the eye patch position, LH and RH patients showed enlarged saccade latencies toward contralesional stimuli. In addition, both during smooth pursuit and reactive saccades, RH patients made significantly fewer rightward saccades when the right than when the left eye was patched. Moreover, during reactive saccades, RH patients made significantly fewer right than left saccades, but only when the right eye was patched. These findings suggest that the ipsilesional eye patch modulated ipsilesional ocular performance in the RH group, presumably resulting from differences in SC activity. Yet, ipsilesional eye patching did not improve eye movements to the contralesional side of space, possibly due to the incomplete contralateral retinocollicular projection in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92135980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal study on language acquisition in monozygotic twins concordant for autism and hyperlexia","authors":"Alexia Ostrolenk ,&nbsp;Valérie Courchesne ,&nbsp;Laurent Mottron","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hyperlexia, a strong orientation towards written materials, along with a discrepancy between the precocious acquisition of decoding skills and weaker comprehension abilities, characterizes up to 20% of autistic children. Sometimes perceived as an obstacle to oral language acquisition, hyperlexia may alternatively be the first step in a non-social pathway of language acquisition in autism.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We describe two monozygotic twin brothers, both autistic and hyperlexic, from the ages of 4 to 8 years old. Following an in-depth diagnostic assessment, we investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally their verbal and non-verbal cognitive abilities, language, reading and writing skills, interests, and strengths.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The twins’ features, including their high non-verbal level of intelligence, their special interests, and their skills in various domains, were highly similar. Their language consisted exclusively of letters and numbers until their fourth year. After that, their vocabulary broadened until they developed full sentences, and their perception-related interests expanded and merged over time to serve the development of other skills.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results show that hyperlexic skills can be harnessed to favor oral language development. Given the strong concordance between the twins’ cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, we discuss the environmental and genetic influence that could explain their abilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Student Pharmacist-Led Program to Enhance Health Access in an Arab-American Community Head: Health Program in an Arab-American Community.","authors":"Sally A Arif, Irfana Lakada, Zahi Fawaz, Jenine Abuzir, E Paul O'Donnell","doi":"10.24926/iip.v14i2.5243","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v14i2.5243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Immigration of Arabs to the United States has increased in recent years due to political instability and need for improved access to healthcare. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity disproportionally affect Arab Americans. Student pharmacists are well positioned to increase health awareness by providing health screening services and education classes to the Arab immigrant community. This report will describe the development of a student-run Arab American Health Awareness Program (AAHAP) that provides culturally-sensitive community screening services targeting common health disparities seen among Arab-Americans. <b>Design:</b> Data were collected on the number of patient cardiometabolic screenings, referrals for medical care, and health classes which were performed over the course of 2 years. The practice setting included community centers, faith-based centers, and grocery stores in the Chicago area participating in the AAHAP. <b>Results:</b> Over the course of two years, eight cardiometabolic screenings and four community health classes were provided to the Arab-American community. Over 100 student pharmacists provided screenings to 929 patients through AAHAP. Twenty percent (n=193) of all patients screened were referred for further medical care. A total of 77% patients were within goal for blood pressure, 82.3% for blood glucose, and 39.4% for BMI. Patients with a known history of hypertension (n=83) or diabetes (n=64) were more likely to have uncontrolled blood pressure (45% vs 11%, p<0.05) or blood glucose (39% vs 14%, p<0.05) compared to patients without a history of these chronic conditions. <b>Conclusion:</b> Student pharmacists can be drivers for health access through community health programs for ethnically minoritized populations. Development of a health awareness program focused on known health disparities in Arab Americans has provided student pharmacists with opportunities to deliver culturally-sensitive care and medical referral services to an underserved community.</p>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75903131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise on inhibitory control function in healthy young adults: An event-related potential study","authors":"Yingying Ji ,&nbsp;Xuemei Ni ,&nbsp;Kai Zheng ,&nbsp;Ying Jiang ,&nbsp;Caili Ren ,&nbsp;Haohao Zhu ,&nbsp;Ming Xiao ,&nbsp;Tong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) have been demonstrated to enhance inhibitory control function in healthy individuals separately. However, the potential benefits of combining these two interventions have yet to be fully explored. In this study, we aimed to use multiple event-related potential (ERP) components (P200, N200, and N450) to investigate the combined effects of tDCS and AE on the improvement of inhibitory control ability in healthy young adults. We evaluated the influence of this combined intervention on cognitive tasks involving inhibitory control function and basic information processing by performing the Stroop Word Color task. Our results showed that compared to the application of tDCS or AE alone, the combined intervention of tDCS and AE had a greater effect on improving inhibitory control function in healthy young adults. The amplitude of P200, N200, and N450 ERP components also changed more significantly during the Stroop Word Color task. We concluded that the mechanism of tDCS combined with AE in improving inhibitory control ability may involve synergistic effects on brain structures at different levels, such as regulating interactions at the reticular activating system level and activating corresponding brain regions at the medial frontal lobe and frontal lobe levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41220874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing of complex morphosyntactic structures in French: ERP evidence from native speakers","authors":"Daniel Grevisse ,&nbsp;Marzena Watorek ,&nbsp;Karin Heidlmayr ,&nbsp;Frédéric Isel","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This event-related brain potentials (ERP) study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the auditory processing of verbal complexity in French illustrated by the prescriptive present subjunctive mode. Using a violation paradigm, ERPs of 32 French native speakers were continuously recorded while they listened to 200 ecological French sentences selected from the INTEFRA oral corpus (2006). Participants performed an offline acceptability judgement task on each sentence, half of which contained a correct present subjunctive verbal agreement (<em>reçoive</em>) and the other half an incorrect present indicative one (<em>peut</em>). Critically, the present subjunctive mode was triggered either by verbs (<em>Ma mère desire que j’apprenne</em>^{My mother wants me to learn}) or by subordinating conjunctions <em>(Pour qu’elle reçoive</em>^{So that she receives}). We found a delayed anterior negativity (AN) due to the length of the verbal forms and a P600 that were larger for incongruent than for congruent verbal agreement in the same time window. While the two effects were left lateralized for subordinating conjunctions, they were right lateralized for both structures with a larger effect for subordinating conjunctions than for verbs. Moreover, our data revealed that the AN/P600 pattern was larger in late position than in early ones. Taken together, these results suggest that morphosyntactic complexity conveyed by the French subjunctive involves at least two neurocognitive processes thought to support an initial morphosyntactic analysis (AN) and a syntactic revision and repair (posterior P600). These two processes may be modulated as a function of both the element (i.e., subordinating conjunction vs verb) that triggers the subjunctive mode and the moment at which this element is used while sentence processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10575157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on learning in older adults with and without Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Britt Vandendoorent ,&nbsp;Evelien Nackaerts ,&nbsp;Demi Zoetewei ,&nbsp;Femke Hulzinga ,&nbsp;Moran Gilat ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry ,&nbsp;Alice Nieuwboer","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Older adults with and without Parkinson’s disease show impaired retention after training of motor or cognitive skills. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to investigate whether adding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to motor or cognitive training versus placebo boosts motor sequence and working memory training. The effects of interest were estimated between three time points, i.e. pre-training, post-training and follow-up. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42022348885). Electronic databases were searched from conception to March 2023. Following initial screening, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis and 20 could be included in the meta-analysis, of which 5 studies concerned motor sequence learning (total n = 186) and 15 working memory training (total n = 650). Results were pooled using an inverse variance random effects meta-analysis. The findings showed no statistically significant additional effects of tDCS over placebo on motor sequence learning outcomes. However, there was a strong trend showing that tDCS boosted working memory training, although methodological limitations and some heterogeneity were also apparent. In conclusion, the present findings do not support wide implementation of tDCS as an add-on to motor sequence training at the moment, but the promising results on cognitive training warrant further investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10576682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singleton effect decreases under time pressure: An fNIRS study","authors":"Yujie Li ,&nbsp;Susu Wang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Shan ,&nbsp;Xingxing Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Time pressure affects multiple cognitive processes but how it affects attention capture remains unclear. Two experiments were carried out in the present study to assess whether time pressure prevents attention from capturing by salient distractors and explore the underlying neural mechanisms using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results of behavioral tests showed that the singleton effect decreased (Experiment 2) or even disappeared (Experiment 1) when the subject was under time pressure. Neuroimaging data showed that under time pressure, a salient distractor elicited greater activation in the left middle frontal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral superior parietal lobule, brain areas that are thought to be involved in cognitive inhibition and control of spatial attentional shifts. These findings suggest that the reduction or disappearance of the singleton effect under time pressure results from enhanced inhibition of and/or accelerated disengagement from salient distractors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10576151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise interventions, postural control, and prefrontal cortex activation in older adults","authors":"Kayla Bohlke ,&nbsp;Subashan Perera ,&nbsp;Emma M. Baillargeon ,&nbsp;Mark S. Redfern ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Sparto ,&nbsp;Ervin Sejdic ,&nbsp;Andrea L. Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving postural control in older adults is necessary for reducing fall risk, and prefrontal cortex activation may also play a role. We sought to examine the impact of exercise interventions on postural control and prefrontal cortex activation during standing balance tasks. We hypothesized that balance would improve and prefrontal control would be reduced. We assessed a subset of participants enrolled in a randomized trial of two exercise interventions. Both groups completed strength and endurance training and the experimental treatment arm included training on timing and coordination of stepping. Postural control and prefrontal cortex activation were measured during dual-task standing balance tasks before and after the intervention. Eighteen participants in the standard strengthening and mobility training arm and 16 in the timing and coordination training arm were included. We examined pre- to post-intervention changes within each study arm, and compared them between interventions. Results did not show any pre- to post-intervention changes on standing postural control nor prefrontal cortex activation in either arm. In addition, there were no differences between the two intervention arms in either balance or prefrontal activation. While exercise interventions can improve mobility, we do not demonstrate evidence of improved standing balance or prefrontal control in standing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10207903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}