Clinical Neuropsychologist最新文献

{"title":"Using machine learning to detect noncredible cognitive test performance.","authors":"John-Christopher A Finley, Anthony D Robinson, Jason R Soble, Violeta J Rodriguez","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2440085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2440085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Advanced algorithmic methods may improve the assessment of performance validity during neuropsychological testing. This study investigated whether unsupervised machine learning (ML) could serve as one such method. <b>Method:</b> Participants were 359 adult outpatients who underwent a neuropsychological evaluation for various referral reasons. Data relating to participants' performance validity test scores, medical and psychiatric history, referral reason, litigation status, and disability status were examined in an unsupervised ML model. The model was programmed to synthesize the data into an unspecified number of clusters, which were then compared to predetermined ratings of whether patients had valid or invalid test performance. Ratings were established according to multiple empirical performance validity test scores. To further understand the model, we examined which data were most helpful in its clustering decision-making process. <b>Results:</b> Similar to the clinical determination of patients' performance on neuropsychological testing, the model identified a two-cluster profile consisting of valid and invalid data. The model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy (area under the curve of .92 [95% CI .88, .97]) when referenced against participants' predetermined validity status. Performance validity test scores were the most influential in the differentiation of clusters, but medical history, referral reason, and disability status were also contributory. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings serve as a proof of concept that unsupervised ML can accurately assess performance validity using various data obtained during a neuropsychological evaluation. The manner in which unsupervised ML evaluates such data may circumvent some of the limitations with traditional validity assessment approaches. Importantly, unsupervised ML is adaptable to emerging digital technologies within neuropsychology that can be used to further improve the assessment of performance validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asian neuropsychologists: Current state, gaps, barriers, and future directions.","authors":"Ashley L Nguyen-Martinez, Iris Miao, Sofia Lesica, Jay Patel, Alexander Tan, Ananya R Samuel, Cardinal Do, Christa Hutaff-Lee, Julia Chen","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2438306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2438306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> As the field of neuropsychology continues expanding efforts to better recruit providers and serve individuals from diverse populations, understanding the training and practice experiences of neuropsychologists from diverse backgrounds is crucial. Given the diversity of Asian populations, the experiences of Asian neuropsychologists offer a unique opportunity to reflect on the progress made in addressing issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). This information will help address challenges related to education, training, and clinical practice, particularly in meeting growing demands for neuropsychological evaluations among Asian populations and addressing unique challenges. <b>Methods:</b> Survey data from 69 Asian neuropsychologists encompassed demographic factors, educational background, clinical duties, research focuses, and advocacy/leadership work. Information regarding experiences of discrimination, barriers, and gaps was also gathered. <b>Results:</b> Asian neuropsychologists are a diverse group comprising South, Southeast, and East Asian communities with various levels of bilingualism. Clinical and training experiences span a spectrum of settings, programs, and responsibilities, though notably, there are still many gaps. Our sample endorsed experiences of discrimination associated with institutional, systemic, and social barriers (e.g. absence of training opportunities, unfair wages) as well as more general barriers in neuropsychology. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study overviews Asian neuropsychologists' demographic background, training, and practice experiences. Despite progress in the field's growing recognition and understanding of Asian neuropsychology, there remain unique experiences, challenges, and needs that are not well understood or addressed. Understanding these experiences and insights is essential for enhancing culturally sensitive neuropsychological services for individuals of Asian descent worldwide and advancing DEI efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundational skills in the assessment and management of suicide risk in neuropsychological practice.","authors":"Matthew Calamia, Raymond Tucker, Ryan Hill","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2435543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2435543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Suicide is a leading cause of death globally. Clinical neuropsychologists may see patients at increased risk of suicide who may have had no prior engagement with another mental health provider. Even if their role is limited to a single encounter, neuropsychologists can still incorporate specific practices (e.g. into their interview appointment) that help reduce a patient's suicide risk. <b>Method:</b> This review aims to highlight current best practices for suicide risk assessment and management, emphasizing the crucial role neuropsychologists can play in suicide prevention. <b>Conclusions:</b> Neuropsychologists' involvement in healthcare systems positions them to implement effective suicide prevention strategies, including the Zero Suicide (ZS) framework. The ZS framework is a systematic approach to improve suicide prevention through the implementation of evidence- based strategies including specific strategies to use when working with patients (i.e. <i>identify, engage, treat,</i> and <i>transition</i>). Effective screening tools for suicidal thoughts and behaviors include the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) Toolkit. Brief interventions that can be incorporated into an assessment appointment, such as safety planning and means safety interventions, demonstrate significant reductions in suicidal behavior and improved engagement with mental health treatment. Neuropsychologists can refer patients to evidence-based treatments that directly target suicide risk and support at-risk patients through transitions in care by employing strategies like Caring Contacts and structured follow-up calls. By integrating these best practices and engaging in continuous education, neuropsychologists can significantly contribute to reducing suicide risk among their patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia initially presenting with gradually progressing heading disorientation: A case report.","authors":"Yuta Komori, Masanori Kurihara, Ryoji Goto, Maki Obata, Kenji Ishibashi, Kenji Ishii, Aya Midori Tokumaru, Kazutomi Kanemaru, Katsuhiko Takeda, Atsushi Iwata","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2428917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2428917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: Previous studies of topographical disorientation have focused on cerebrovascular diseases. However, a detailed assessment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases may aid our understanding of spatial navigation. We report the case of a patient with right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (rtvFTD) initially presenting with heading disorientation, a distinct category of topographical disorientation. <b>Method</b>: The patient was a 71-year-old woman with gradually increasing episodes of getting lost in a familiar environment. Detailed neuropsychological assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) studies were performed. <b>Results</b>: Topographical disorientation was conspicuous in the patients' cognitive dysfunction despite preserved general cognition. She could not dictate a route or draw a map from her nearest train station to her home, although she recognized environmental landmarks relatively well. Neuropsychological assessments, including the card-placing test, suggested heading disorientation. The MRI and PET abnormalities were large but confined to the right hemisphere and involved the retrosplenial region, an area associated with heading disorientation in cerebrovascular diseases, and the cortical areas that comprise a network together with the retrosplenial region. Amyloid PET was negative, ruling out Alzheimer's disease. Her topographical symptoms gradually worsened. Behavioral symptoms and loss of empathy gradually became apparent fulfilling the criteria for rtvFTD. <b>Conclusions</b>: Neuropsychological assessment revealed heading disorientation in the initial stage of rtvFTD. Based on previous studies, heading disorientation was likely attributed to neurodegeneration in the right hemispheric network centered in the retrosplenial region. The gradual progression of topographical symptoms contrasted with previous reports of heading disorientation due to cerebrovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions in neuropsychology about non-inclusivity in testing materials: Preliminary results from a small-scale survey.","authors":"Cynthia Z Burton, Lindsay A Katz, Taylor R Schmitt, Emily H Trittschuh, Anthony N Correro, Annalise Rahman-Filipiak, Annette E Richard","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2430549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2430549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: While some recommendations for neuropsychologists have been established regarding best practices when working with gender and sexual minorities, there are many assessment practices that could contribute to disparities for LGBTQ+ patients. The purpose of the current preliminary study is to collect initial information on practitioner perceptions of non-inclusivity in our instruments, allow neuropsychologists who attempt to increase inclusivity to share their approaches with others, and use the information to guide future, larger-scale studies and advocacy efforts. <b>Method</b>: Forty-six participants (mostly doctoral level neuropsychologists) completed a survey related to their experiences with inclusive and non-inclusive language in test materials. <b>Results</b>: The majority of respondents reported encountering non-inclusive language, with many having made changes in their practices as a result. Respondents highlighted concerns specific to neuropsychological instruments and questionnaires as well as normative data specific to the LGBTQ+ population. Respondents provided several examples for improvements. <b>Conclusions</b>: Based on these initial findings, several suggestions and future directions are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom validity indices for the Beck Depression Inventory-II: development and cross-validation in research and clinical samples.","authors":"Robert D Shura, Ryan W Schroeder, Anna S Ord, Rachel K Bieu, Victoria L O'Connor, Anna T Magnante, Makenna Snodgrass, Holly M Miskey, Sarah L Martindale, Jared A Rowland","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2432058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2432058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The present study sought to cross validate the recently developed total score cut-off for the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and identify additional embedded symptom validity indices within this commonly used self-report depression measure. <b>Methods:</b> Study 1 included a research sample of 379 veterans with diagnostic subgroups of Current and Lifetime Depression and Current and Lifetime Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Study 2 included a clinical sample of 224 veterans with diagnostic subgroups of Current Depression, Lifetime Depression, and No Depression. Three embedded BDI-II symptom validity indices were examined in the total samples and subgroups: the BDI-II Symptom Severity Scale (total raw score), BDI-II Extreme Symptom Scale (summed frequency of extreme responses), and the BDI-II Rare Items Scale (summed frequency of rarely endorsed items). Validity indices from the Personality Assessment Inventory were utilized in both studies, with the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test also used in Study 1. <b>Results:</b> In Study 1, BDI-II validity index cut-off scores had to be adjusted the highest for the Current Depression or Current PTSD subgroups. The cut-offs were associated with sensitivity rates ranging from 0.12 to 0.53 and specificity rates ranging from 0.90 to 0.96. In Study 2, cut-offs had to be adjusted, the highest for the Current Depression subgroup. Identified cut-offs had sensitivity rates ranging from 0.22 to 0.65 and specificity rates ranging from 0.89 to 0.95. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study supports the use of all three proposed BDI-II embedded symptom validity indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Symptom Validity Index for the Beck Anxiety Inventory.","authors":"Makenna A Snodgrass, Rachel K Bieu, Ryan W Schroeder","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2429162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2429162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders experienced by individuals in the United States, and anxiety is often assessed with anxiety symptom inventories. At present, though, there are no anxiety symptom inventories that include symptom validity indices. The present study sought to develop a symptom validity index for the most commonly used anxiety symptom inventory in neuropsychological practice, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). <b>Method:</b> A sample of 244 veterans seeking outpatient neuropsychological assessments were included in the study. Participants were divided into valid and invalid groups based on external criterion symptom validity tests. The valid participants were then divided into clinical subgroups (Current Anxiety, Lifetime Anxiety, and No Anxiety). A validity index derived from the BAI total score was examined for the total sample and all subgroups. <b>Results:</b> A cutoff of ≥ 29 was identified when utilizing the Valid Full Sample, which resulted in a 0.91 specificity rate and 0.54 sensitivity rate. However, cutoffs had to be adjusted when applied to the clinical subgroups. The Valid Current Anxiety subgroup required the largest cutoff increase (i.e. ≥ 36), which resulted in a 0.91 specificity rate and a 0.42 sensitivity rate. <b>Conclusions:</b> This is the first published article to develop a symptom validity index for the BAI. To minimize false positive errors, a BAI total score of ≥ 36 is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting the direct- and derived-Trail Making Test scores in Argentinian children: regression-based norms, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and practice effects.","authors":"Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Marisel Gutierrez","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2423414","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2423414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> We carried out two research studies (using a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) to establish regression-based normative data, and to examine the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability, and the changes in performance with practice (1-month and 1-year interval) of the direct- and derived- (B-A, B + A, and B/A ratio) Trail Making Test (TMT) scores in Spanish-speaking children. <b>Method:</b> In S1 (<i>n</i> = 413 6- to 15-year-old children and adolescents), regression-based norming procedure and partial correlations were employed. In S2 (<i>n</i> = 110 6- to 12-year-old children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_2,1), Pearson's r-product-moment correlations, and paired t-tests were used. <b>Results:</b> S1 demonstrated that age was associated with better performance on both TMT-A and TMT-B. This improvement was more strongly related to direct scores than derived measures B-A and B/A. Additionally, TMT-B was found to be more related to other executive functions (EF) compared to the performance of TMT-A. Among the derived scores, only the B-A was related primarily to cognitive flexibility, while the B + A index was associated with most EF, suggesting a general measure of cognitive functioning. In S2, fair to good test-retest reliability coefficients were found at Time 2 for TMT-A and TMT-B, as well as the B + A index, both in 6 to 8-year-olds (ICCs .61 to .74) and 9 to 12-year-olds (ICCs .53 to .65). There was a significant increase in performance on TMT-A and TMT-B from the first assessment (Time 1) to the follow-up testing at Time 2 in older children. However, this significant improvement was not observed for TMT-B in the younger group. Test scores on the TMT direct measures improved significantly across 1-year. The B-A and B/A ratio scores did not change across examinations. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings have important implications for assessing EF and developing interventions that target cognitive flexibility in pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced detection of suboptimal effort in psychoeducational assessments for dyslexia.","authors":"Allyson G Harrison, Nathaniel Davin, Beth Pollock","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2422139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2422139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: Although performance validity tests (PVTs) are routinely administered in neuropsychological evaluations, they are employed less frequently in assessments for specific learning disabilities such as dyslexia, likely due, at least in part, to the limited availability of PVTs to evaluate effort on measures of academic achievement. This is troubling, as previous research suggests that up to 24% of postsecondary students undergoing learning disability assessments produce noncredible test scores indicative of symptom exaggeration or low effort. This paper discusses normative data collected for the revised Dyslexia Assessment of Simulation or Honesty- Revised (DASH-R), a PVT developed specifically to identify symptom exaggeration or magnification during dyslexia testing. <b>Method:</b> We administered the DASH-R to three groups of students: honest responding controls (<i>n</i> = 48), students with documented dyslexia (<i>n</i> = 232), and students coached to simulate dyslexia (<i>n</i> = 42). Students were also administered measures of reading and processing speed. <b>Results:</b> DASH-R scores differentiated simulators from both honest responding controls and those with dyslexia. Further, ROC curve analysis showed that a composite feigning index score derived from the DASH-R could be used diagnostically to detect low effort; an optimal cut score of ≥4 on a seven-variable index yielded high specificity (≥98%) and good sensitivity (71%), with positive predictive accuracy of 86%. Creation of a 9-variable index that included errors on an additional reading test produced improved positive predictive accuracy to 96% while retaining excellent specificity (99%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The DASH-R appears to be a promising disability-specific measure for detecting feigned reading problems in young adults undergoing evaluations for dyslexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive functioning among children and young people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jayne Gregg, Colin Wilson, David Curran, Donncha Hanna","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2324500","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2324500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The neurocognitive aspects of DMD have received less attention than the physiological sequalae. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature on the neurocognitive profile of children and young people with DMD. <b>Method:</b> Five databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science) and the grey literature was searched on 27^th January 2023. Eligible articles were available in English and reported neurocognitive outcomes. Neurocognitive domains reported in a comparable way across a minimum of three studies were included. The neurocognitive domains of Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Working memory (WMI) derived from Wechsler scales and receptive vocabulary ability derived from the Peabody Picture Verbal Test (PPVT) were included. A single mean meta-analysis was completed. <b>Results:</b> Relevant data was extracted and presented for 38 eligible studies; 2 of which are from grey literature. Results suggest children with DMD perform around 1SD below non-clinical norms for FSIQ, PIQ, VIQ and WMI. Unlike VIQ, scores derived from the PPVT were within the non-clinical norms. Studies were of moderate - high quality, there was significant heterogeneity and no publication bias. <b>Conclusion:</b> A systematic review of working memory has not previously been completed, it appears that children with DMD perform around 1SD below the mean, like FSIQ, PIQVIQ and WMI. The PPVT is a measure of receptive verbal ability and caution is recommended around the interchangeability of PPVT scores and the wider construct of verbal intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1806-1833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}