Clinical Neuropsychologist最新文献

{"title":"Determining whether false positive rates increase with performance validity test battery expansion.","authors":"Robert J Kanser, Martin L Rohling, Jeremy J Davis","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2416543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2416543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Performance validity test (PVT) misclassification is an important concern for neuropsychologists. The present study determined whether expanding PVT analysis from 4-PVTs to 8-PVTs could lead to elevated rates of false positive performance validity misclassifications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective analysis of 443 patients who underwent a fixed neuropsychological test battery in a mixed clinical and forensic setting. Rates of failing two PVTs were compared to those predicted by Monte Carlo simulations when PVT analysis extended from 4-PVTs to 8-PVTs. Indeterminate performers (IDT; <i>n =</i> 42; those who failed two PVTs only after PVT analysis extended from 4-PVTs to 8-PVTs) were compared to a PVT-Fail group (<i>n</i> = 148; those who failed two PVTs in the 4-PVT battery or failed >2 PVTs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rate of failing two PVTs remained stable when PVT analysis extended from 4- to 8-PVTs (12.9 to 11.9%) and was significantly lower than those predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to PVT-Fail, the IDT group was significantly younger, had stronger neuropsychological test performance, and demonstrated comparable rates of forensic referral and conditions with known neurocognitive sequelae (e.g. stroke, moderate-to-severe TBI).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Monte Carlo simulations significantly overestimated rates of individuals failing two PVTs as PVT battery length doubled. IDT did not differ from PVT-Fail across variables with known PVT effects (e.g. age, referral context, neurologic diagnoses), lowering concern that this group is comprised entirely of false-positive PVT classifications. More research is needed to determine the effect of PVT battery length on validity classification accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between cognition and mental health in intersex participants in the UK Biobank study.","authors":"Andrew E Reineberg, Kristen L Eckstrand, Jason D Flatt","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2414478","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2414478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The physical and mental health of intersex individuals is woefully understudied. A recent survey of intersex individuals found high rates of self-reported cognitive issues such as difficulty remembering and concentrating as well as high rates of mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. <b>Method:</b> The current study explores whether cognitive differences are observed between 353 intersex and over 400,000 non-intersex people using a latent model of cognitive tasks derived from measures in the UK (United Kingdom) Biobank study. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences in intelligence between intersex people and non-intersex people. We found significantly lower executive function and processing speed in intersex individuals versus non-intersex individuals. However, after accounting for mental health differences <i>via</i> regression and case-control matching, there were no significant differences in executive function or processing speed between intersex individuals and non-intersex individuals. <b>Conclusion:</b> Mental health differences between intersex and non-intersex individuals may account for differences in cognitive factor scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distortion errors characterise visuo-constructive performance in Huntington's disease.","authors":"Angelica Di Cecca, Ciro Rosario Ilardi, Flavio Della Pia, Chiara Criscuolo, Sergio Della Sala, Elena Salvatore","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2411740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2411740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Visuospatial deficits have been extensively studied in Huntington's disease (HD), particularly in relation to visuomotor integration, with less emphasis on visuo-constructive abilities. Quantitative analyses have demonstrated that individuals with HD perform worse than healthy controls (HC) but similarly to people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of visuo-constructive abilities in both HD and AD. By employing both simple and complex tasks, we hypothesized that a qualitative analysis of performance would reveal a distinct pattern of errors specific to HD. <b>Methods:</b> Participants for this study were identified retrospectively. The sample included 41 individuals with HD, 25 with AD, and 35 HC. All participants underwent a neuropsychological battery, which included the Constructional Apraxia Test (CAT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test. <b>Results:</b> Our results showed no significant quantitative difference in visuo-constructive performance between the two patient groups. However, distinct qualitative patterns of drawing errors emerged. Simplifications were more frequent in the AD group, while distortions were distinctive errors in the HD group. These qualitative error patterns were consistent across both the CAT and ROCF. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study emphasises the value of qualitative analysis in interpreting visuo-constructive performance, shifting the focus from \"how much\" a participant achieves to \"how\" they perform a neuropsychological task. This qualitative approach is useful to capture the complexity and variability of individual performance, providing deeper insight into the cognitive processes affected by different neurological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing embedded performance validity indicators within the WAIS-IV Letter-Number sequencing subtest to Reliable Digit Span among adults referred for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"John-Christopher A Finley, Violeta J Rodriguez, Brian M Cerny, Fini Chang, Julia M Brooks, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study investigated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as an embedded performance validity indicator among adults undergoing an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation, and its potential incremental value over Reliable Digit Span (RDS). <b>Method:</b> This cross-sectional study comprised 543 adults who underwent neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were divided into valid (<i>n</i> = 480) and invalid (<i>n</i> = 63) groups based on multiple criterion performance validity tests. <b>Results:</b> LNS total raw scores, age-corrected scaled scores, and age- and education-corrected T-scores demonstrated excellent classification accuracy (area under the curve of .84, .83, and .82, respectively). The optimal cutoff for LNS raw score (≤16), age-corrected scaled score (≤7), and age- and education-corrected T-score (≤36) yielded .51 sensitivity and .94 specificity. Slightly lower sensitivity (.40) and higher specificity (.98) was associated with a more conservative T-score cutoff of ≤33. Multivariate models incorporating both LNS and RDS improved classification accuracy (area under the curve of .86), and LNS scores explained a significant but modest proportion of variance in validity status above and beyond RDS. Chaining LNS T-score of ≤33 with RDS cutoff of ≤7 increased sensitivity to .69 while maintaining ≥.90 specificity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings provide preliminary evidence for the criterion and construct validity of LNS as an embedded validity indicator in ADHD evaluations. Practitioners are encouraged to use LNS T-score cutoff of ≤33 or ≤36 to assess the validity of obtained test data. Employing either of these LNS cutoffs with RDS may enhance the detection of invalid performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1647-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2399397","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2399397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of brief symptom inventory-18 (BSI-18) scores in collegiate athletes: A CARE Consortium study.","authors":"Thomas W McAllister, Rachel Kenny, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Jody Harland, Michael A McCrea, Paul Pasquina, Steven P Broglio","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315728","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: The goal of this study was to characterize normative scores for the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) in collegiate athletes to inform decision making about the need for psychological health services in this group. <b>Methods</b>: Collegiate student-athletes (<i>N</i> = 20,034) from 25 universities completed the BSI-18 at their preseason baseline assessment. A subgroup (<i>n</i> = 5,387) underwent multiple baseline assessments. Global Severity Index (GSI) scores were compared to community norms and across multiple timepoints. <b>Results</b>: Collegiate athletes reported significantly lower GSI scores than published community norms (<i>p</i><.001). Published GSI threshold scores for \"caseness\", identified only 2 per 100 athletes (≥ the 98th percentile) as needing further evaluation. Using a GSI score ≥ than the cohort's 90th percentile, 11.4 per 100 athletes would merit additional evaluation. These individuals were more likely to report a history of psychiatric diagnosis (Odds ratio [95% CI] 2.745 [2.480, 3.039]), as well as ≥ 2 prior concussions (<i>p</i><.001). GSI scores were not highly correlated across timepoints. Suicidal ideation was rare (<i>n</i> = 230; 1.15%). <b>Conclusions</b>: For collegiate student-athletes, published BSI-18 threshold scores identify only extreme outliers who might benefit from additional behavioral health evaluation. Alternatively, use of threshold scores ≥ the 90th percentile identifies a more realistic 11.4% of the population, with higher likelihood of prior concussion and/or psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1667-1682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norms, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and practice effects for verbal fluency overall performance, clustering, and switching in Spanish-speaking children.","authors":"Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Marisel Gutierrez, Gabriela Krumm","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted two empirical studies (in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) with the aim at establishing normative data (including norms for strategy use [i.e., clustering and switching strategies] and performance over time), and examining the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability (3-4 wks interval) and the changes in performance with practice (1 year interval) of the different verbal fluency (VF) quantitative and qualitative scores in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In S1 (<i>n</i> = 620 6- to 15-year-old Spanish-speaking children and adolescents), MANCOVA and Pearson's correlations were employed. In S2 (<i>n</i> = 148 6- to 12-year-old Spanish-speaking children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired <i>t</i>-tests, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1 results showed an age effect on all VF measures (quantitative and qualitative). The number of switches/clusters was more related to total word productivity and to executive functions (EF) than the mean cluster size. In S2, a significant increase in phonological VF performance was observed on number of switches and word productivity scores from baseline (Time 1) to repeat testing at Time 2. Practice effects were observed at Time 3 on all measures except for semantic and phonological mean cluster size. Test-retest reliability coefficients at Time 2 for number of clusters and switches, but not for mean cluster size, fell in the moderate range, ranging from ICCs .61 to ICCs .81. Test-retest reliability coefficients for total word productivity were higher (ICCs above .80) and stronger when testing as a unity with CFA methods (ϕ=.94, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data may be relevant for informing the neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous cognitive flexibility in children with typical development (TD) and those with developmental or acquired disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1726-1755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive change over the course of a multiday external lumbar drain trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus.","authors":"Michael Brook, James Reilly, Alexander Korutz, Matthew C Tate, John-Christopher A Finley, Emma Pollner, Ketan Yerneni, Caterina Mosti, Constantine Karras, Siting Joy Trybula, John Stratton, Zoran Martinovich","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To characterize neurocognitive response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion during a multiday external lumbar drainage (ELD) trial in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). <b>Methods:</b> Inpatients (<i>N</i> = 70) undergoing an ELD trial as part of NPH evaluation participated. Cognition and balance were assessed using standardized measures before and after a three-day ELD trial. Cognitive change pre- to post-ELD trial was assessed in relation to change in balance, baseline neuroimaging findings, NPH symptoms, demographics, and other disease-relevant clinical parameters. <b>Results:</b> Multiday ELD resulted in significant cognitive improvement (particularly on measures of memory and language). This improvement was independent of demographics, test-retest interval, number of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, NPH symptom duration, estimated premorbid intelligence, baseline level of cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease burden, degree of ventriculomegaly, or other NPH-related morphological brain alterations. Balance scores evidenced a greater magnitude of improvement than cognitive scores and were weakly, but positively correlated with cognitive change scores. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings suggest that cognitive improvement associated with a multiday ELD trial can be sufficiently captured with bedside neurocognitive testing. These findings support the utility of neuropsychological consultation, along with balance assessment, in informing clinical decision-making regarding responsiveness to temporary CSF diversion for patients undergoing elective NPH evaluation. Implications for the understanding of neuroanatomical and cognitive underpinnings of NPH are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1610-1626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the presence of chronic pain affect scores on cognitive screening tests/brief cognitive measures for dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alex Fradera, Jessica McLaren, Lisa Gadon, Breda Cullen, Jonathan Evans","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive screening tests can identify potential dementia by indicating a concerning level of cognitive impairment. The older populations for whom this is most relevant are more likely to experience chronic pain, which also impairs cognitive function, but pain's impact on cognitive screening tests specifically remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) following PRISMA guidelines evaluating cognitive screening scores in studies involving participants with chronic pain compared with a pain-free control group. Our question was whether the presence of chronic pain (self-reported or based on diagnosis) was associated with poorer performance on these screens, and to identify the heterogeneity across groups and screens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 51 studies identified yielded 62 effect size estimates. The pooled g was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.95). Heterogeneity was high for the full model (= 93.16%) with some reductions in sub-analyses. Around half of the studies were identified as being at a low risk of bias. There was no evidence of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a whole, this analysis suggests medium to large effect sizes on cognitive screen performance when people are living with chronic pain. We suggest that clinicians should consider the effect of chronic pain when cognitive screens are employed to investigate dementia. Further research could clarify the effect pain has on different screen sub-domains to aid their effective use with these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1586-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of long-term effects of Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) following benzodiazepine overdose.","authors":"Jared B Hammond, Jennifer Peraza, Christopher A Pierce","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315746","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> We report a neuropsychological evaluation for a 39-year-old, right-handed, white female who 8 years ago developed delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL), a rare demyelinating syndrome, two-weeks following an anoxic brain injury due to an overdose from benzodiazepines. <b>Methods:</b> An extensive record review documenting her medical timeline and treatment over the last 8 years was conducted using the available EMR system, which also included both EEG and neuroimaging data. Eight years post injury, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered with corrected normative data for age, race, education, and other demographic factors when available. Collected data was compared with other case reports of DPHL. <b>Results:</b> The neuropsychological profile indicated difficulties across multiple cognitive domains that appeared driven by executive dysfunction, likely related to fronto-subcorto-striatal dysfunction. <b>Conclusion:</b> As a rare disease, the process by which DPHL occurs is not fully understood. Our results revealed similar findings in the literature for learning and memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions. This is discussed in the context of available neuroimaging while highlighting the value of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment in DPHL even years post-injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1756-1772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}