{"title":"Unconditional superconvergent error estimates of second-order linearized nonconforming quadrilateral FEMs for nonlinear nuclear reactor model","authors":"Jinyu Li, Chuanjun Chen, Dongyang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of this paper is to establish the linearized Crank-Nicolson (C-N) and two-step Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF2) fully discrete schemes for the nonlinear nuclear reactor model, and investigate their superclose and superconvergent behaviors without the restrictions on the relationship between mesh size <em>h</em> and time step <em>τ</em> on quadrilateral meshes of nonconforming modified quasi-Wilson element. First, we will show that the consistency error of this element can reach <span><math><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> for homogeneous Neumann boundary condition which is the same as the quasi-Wilson element on rectangular meshes for the Dirichlet boundary condition. Then, based on the combination technique of interpolation and projection, mathematical induction and interpolation post-processing approach, the superclose and superconvergent results <span><math><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> in the broken <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-norm are derived. Finally, a numerical illustration is executed to validate the theoretical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Pages 260-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shenpei Wang , Tao Wang , Shuyu Yue , Hairong Lian
{"title":"A fast fourth-order scheme and its extrapolations for two-dimensional space fractional diffusion equations","authors":"Shenpei Wang , Tao Wang , Shuyu Yue , Hairong Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on developing an efficient numerical method for solving two-dimensional Riemann-Liouville space fractional diffusion equations (SFDEs). The quasi-compact difference scheme is to discretize the SFDEs, and then the Richardson extrapolation method is employed to enhance the temporal accuracy to the fourth-order. Alternating direction implicit scheme is applied to decompose the problem into two linear systems. We introduce a fast Preconditioned Stable Bi-Conjugate Gradient algorithm to solve such systems. Moreover, we present the convergence theorem and the spectrum properties of the Strang preconditioner to show the computational efficiency. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy and robustness of our methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"199 ","pages":"Pages 260-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Li , Fajie Wang , Renhao Wang , Shengdong Zhao , Daigeng Yang
{"title":"Fundamental solution neural networks for solving inverse Cauchy problems for the Laplace and biharmonic equations","authors":"Xin Li , Fajie Wang , Renhao Wang , Shengdong Zhao , Daigeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel fundamental solution neural networks method (FSNNs) to solve inverse Cauchy problems, which combines the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) with the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). To optimize the distribution of source points, the method starts by partitioning the interval into equal segments, determined by the number of the source points. The coordinate system is situated at the center of the computational domain. The resulting angles as network inputs for the FSNNs and the intermediate variable as outputs, which is subsequently substituted into a length function to obtain the final length. The coordinates of the source points are then determined, and the MFS is employed to approximate the numerical solutions. The loss function is formulated based on the boundary conditions on the accessible boundary, and the training is employed to optimize the network parameters in the FSNNs and source point intensities in the MFS. The introduction of the PINNs overcomes the challenge of source point selection in the MFS and effectively addresses the ill-posedness of inverse problems. In summary, the proposed scheme is a machine learning-based semi-analytical meshless method which is simple, accurate and easily implemented, making it highly suitable for the numerical solution of inverse problems. Four numerical experiments, including the Laplace and biharmonic equations, validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed FSNNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"201 ","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingle Sun , Bo Wang , Guang-an Zou , Yuxing Zhang
{"title":"A second-order time-accurate, linear fully decoupled unconditional energy stabilization finite element method for tumor growth model","authors":"Mingle Sun , Bo Wang , Guang-an Zou , Yuxing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By using the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> gradient flow method, we derive a phase-field model for tumor growth from the free energy. The scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) method is employed to handle the nonlinear energy potential. Based on the second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) and the finite element method, we construct an unconditionally stable, linear, and decoupled fully discrete numerical scheme. We rigorously prove the unconditional energy stability of the proposed scheme and the optimal <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-norm error estimates for <em>ϕ</em> and <em>c</em>. Numerical examples are presented to validate the theoretical results and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and the scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"201 ","pages":"Pages 35-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High order energy invariant fast algorithm for space two dimensional Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations","authors":"Jie Chen , Jianqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space two dimensional Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations are directly changed into the Hamiltonian system with infinite dimensional space by the variational formula, which can be discretized into finite dimensional Hamiltonian system by Fourier pseudo-spectral method. The average vector field formulas with second and fourth order accuracy in time are utilized to compute the finite dimensional Hamiltonian system. In order to improve computation velocity of these formulas, the fast computation algorithm of these formulas is proposed by decomposing the spectral matrix. Solitary wave evolution of the equations is analyzed with different initial conditions by these new computational formulas. Energy invariant property, accuracy and computation efficiently of these new formulas are also investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"201 ","pages":"Pages 18-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discontinuous Galerkin time-stepping method for semilinear parabolic problems with mild growth condition","authors":"Raksha Devi, Dwijendra Narain Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the numerical solution of semilinear parabolic equations under mild growth conditions on the nonlinear source function, focusing on time discretization using the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. A novel technique is proposed for handling terms that arise from mild growth condition during the application of the DG method in time. This approach ensures the solvability of the semi-discrete scheme without requiring any boundedness assumptions on the nonlinearity. Additionally, we establish the optimal order of convergence for the semi-discrete approach. Subsequently, we combine the continuous Galerkin method in space with the discontinuous Galerkin method in the temporal direction to develop a fully discrete scheme. We demonstrate that the fully discrete (DG-CG) scheme achieves optimal convergence rates while accommodating the mild growth conditions under various hypotheses on the exact solution <em>u</em>. Our theoretical findings are verified through a series of numerical experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 274-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the spectral harmonically enriched multiscale coarse space (SHEM) in 2D","authors":"Martin J. Gander , Atle Loneland , Talal Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Spectral Harmonically Enriched Multiscale (SHEM) coarse space for domain decomposition methods was introduced as a cheaper alternative to GenEO (Generalized Eigenvalue Problems in the Overlap) with similar performance for high contrast problems. In SHEM, one enriches the coarse space with specific, cheaply computable coarse space components to get faster convergence for domain decomposition methods. For high contrast problems, this enrichment leads to robustness against variations and discontinuities in the problem parameters both inside subdomains and across and along subdomain boundaries. We present and analyze here SHEM in 2D based on simple, sparse lower dimensional eigenvalue problems on the interfaces between subdomains, and also a variant that performs equally well in practice, and does not require the solve of eigenvalue problems at all. Our enrichment process naturally reaches the Optimal Harmonically Enriched Multiscale coarse space (OHEM) represented by the full discrete harmonic space. We give a complete convergence analysis of SHEM in 2D, and also test both SHEM variants and OHEM numerically in 2D.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Pages 243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Wang , Yu Wang , Shanshan Ge , Ziwei Han , Maodong Pan
{"title":"Morphological dynamics analysis on 3D surface using the Gray-Scott model","authors":"Jian Wang , Yu Wang , Shanshan Ge , Ziwei Han , Maodong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a 3D surface morphology dynamics analysis method based on an improved Gray-Scott model, designed to achieve rapid transformation and deformation of complex geometric shapes. By replacing the traditional Laplace operator with the Laplace-Beltrami operator, this model can directly handle shape transformations on triangular mesh surfaces without the need for geometric simplification. The method employs an explicit numerical scheme and operator splitting techniques to enhance computational efficiency and stability. Numerical experiments on both 2D and 3D models demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, including smooth transitions between simple and complex shapes, as well as transformations of surfaces such as spheres and bunny models. These results highlight the potential applications of this method in fields such as computer vision, virtual reality, medical imaging, and smart material design, particularly in scenarios requiring high-precision and efficient 3D shape transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"199 ","pages":"Pages 242-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pascal den Boef , Diana Manvelyan-Stroot , Joseph Maubach , Wil Schilders , Nathan van de Wouw
{"title":"Stable sparse operator inference for nonlinear structural dynamics","authors":"Pascal den Boef , Diana Manvelyan-Stroot , Joseph Maubach , Wil Schilders , Nathan van de Wouw","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural dynamics models with nonlinear stiffness appear, for example, when analyzing systems with nonlinear material behavior or undergoing large deformations. For complex systems, these models become too large for real-time applications or multi-query workflows. Hence, model reduction is needed. However, the mathematical operators of these models are often not available since, as is common in industry practice, the models are constructed using commercial simulation software. In this work, we propose an operator inference-based approach aimed at inferring, from data generated by the simulation model, reduced-order models (ROMs) of structural dynamics systems with stiffness terms represented by polynomials of arbitrary degree. To ensure physically meaningful models, we impose constraints on the inference such that the model is guaranteed to exhibit stability properties. Convexity of the optimization problem associated with the inference is maintained by applying a sum-of-squares relaxation to the polynomial term. To further reduce the size of the ROM and improve numerical conditioning of the inference, we also propose a novel clustering-based sparsification of the polynomial term. We validate the proposed method on several numerical examples, including a representative 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) of a steel piston rod.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Pages 228-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An easy to implement numerical framework for a cancer invasion mathematical model with two distinct cancer sub-populations","authors":"Yadhavan Karuppusamy , Lingeshwaran Shangerganesh , Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem , A.S. Hendy","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.camwa.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a finite element scheme for solving a model that involves sub-populations of cancer cells. The model is formulated by four coupled partial differential equations, which represent the evolution of tumor growth, the density of cancer cell sub-populations arising from mutations, the density of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the concentration of matrix-degrading enzymes (MDE). A semi-implicit backward Euler finite element framework has been developed for this model. Unconditional error estimates have been established for all variables, and the unconditional stability of the solutions has also been demonstrated. To validate the proposed numerical scheme, we have performed numerical simulations, including an assessment of the convergence rate and comparisons between the numerical solutions and analytical solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55218,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Pages 180-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}