Current Allergy and Asthma Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Exercise on Asthma in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Zhenghui Zha, Yuli Zhang, Cuiyun Tian, Dongxiang Huang, Tuming Shen, Songtao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01219-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-025-01219-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory condition and a common childhood disease. The effects of exercise on childhood asthma have not been fully clarified. This study aims to systematically evaluate the impact of exercise on children with asthma, specifically examining lung function, exercise capacity, airway inflammation, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 673 children with asthma, with a mean age ranging from 7.3 to 14 years, were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exercise can improve the six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance and the pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ) scores in children with asthma but cannot reduce the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level. Exercise intervention within 8 weeks only had a positive effect on forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25-75%) in children with asthma but had no positive effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 s percentage (FEV1%). Exercise intervention for more than 8 weeks had no positive effect on the above indicators. In children with asthma, exercise training has the potential to improve exercise ability and health quality of life but not inflammation. Additionally, exercise intervention does not provide sustained improvement of lung function, although training within 8 weeks can temporarily increase FVC% and FEF 25-75%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphoproliferative Disorders Mimicking Rheumatologic Disease: A Clinical Reasoning Perspective.","authors":"Jeffrey Z Shen, Eric D Carlsen, Luis F Carrillo, Dahima Cintron, Ben Kellogg, Jamie Lim, Matilda Nicholas, Elijah Lackey, John Dasher","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01220-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-025-01220-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a variety of hematologic diseases that are increasingly recognized. Patients with these conditions may present to rheumatologists or other specialists prior to a hematologist-oncologist. This review is intended to highlight key distinguishing features between rheumatologic conditions and lymphoproliferative disorders, and suggest diagnostic approaches.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies have shown that lymphoproliferative diseases can mimic rheumatologic disease, and differentiation is complex. Advances in imaging techniques such as FDG PET/CT, and improved understanding of lymph node histopathology have improved diagnostic accuracy. Attention to specific details such as the pattern of organ involvement, the presence or absence of key clinical features, and the consistency of treatment response can assist in accurate diagnosis. Our review highlights the importance of considering lymphoproliferative disorders in the differential diagnosis of rheumatologic disease. A thorough clinical history, targeted biopsies, and collaboration with hematopathologists are essential for timely diagnosis and care. Future research should concentrate on identifying biomarkers and formulating diagnostic algorithms to aid in differentiating lymphoproliferative disorders from autoimmune diseases, which will ultimately improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Acetylcholine and Muscarinic Receptors in Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms, Clinical Insights and Future Directions.","authors":"Xian Li, Yuan Zhang, Luo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01221-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-025-01221-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common and troubling disorder that severely affects patients' quality of life. There is an urgent need to understand the immunopathologic factors behind the disease. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that has emerged as one of the critical regulators of AR pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The elevation of cholinergic transmitters and their muscarinic receptors is a major driver of nasal hypersensitivity and excessive nasal secretion in AR pathogenesis. In addition to inducing extensive mucus secretions, the relevant research data for acetylcholine in immune regulation and airway remodeling remain fragmented. The immunopathological mechanisms underlying acetylcholine signaling pathways associated with AR may provide clinical practitioners with novel insights for medication selection in controlling patients' symptoms. We highlight the roles of acetylcholine in AR pathogenesis and the findings of clinical trials on intranasal anticholinergics use in AR, and hope to provide a reference for patients' management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the Classification of Cough Sounds for Early Asthma Screening.","authors":"Yanming Huo, Jiajing Ma, Huixian Liu, Luyuan Jia, Guo Zhang, Congkang Zhang, Xu Guo, Shen-Ao Hao, Yongdong Song, Haotian Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01213-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-025-01213-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to explore an effective and scalable approach for early asthma detection using cough sounds. The main objective is to evaluate whether a multi-model deep learning fusion framework can improve diagnostic accuracy and generalizability in real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent research in respiratory sound analysis has demonstrated the potential of deep learning models in detecting pulmonary diseases. However, most studies focus on single-network architectures and often overlook class imbalance and training stability, which can limit model performance in practical applications. This study presents an asthma detection model that integrates ResNet18, VGG16, and DenseNet121 through a fusion layer. SMOTE is used to address data imbalance, and a weighted cross-entropy loss enhances training robustness. Mixed precision training and StepLR scheduling further improve performance. The proposed model achieved 95.9% accuracy on the test set, demonstrating strong generalization and potential for real-time, non-invasive screening in clinical environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Arginine Metabolism in Immune Cells for the Treatment of Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Hangyu Li, Yuemei Liang, Jingyi Deng, Yisen Cheng, Su Chen, Xinlong Lian, Suidong Ouyang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01216-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-025-01216-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of arginine and its metabolic pathways in regulating immune cell function, with a particular focus on their involvement in pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Additionally, it highlights recent advances in therapeutic strategies that target arginine metabolism as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of these conditions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including immune regulation, tissue repair, airway tone modulation, and vasodilation. We found emerging evidence underscores that arginine metabolism is tightly controlled by various regulatory mechanisms, with two key enzymes-nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase (ARG)-occupying central roles. These enzymes exert opposing yet coordinated effects within immune cells, contributing to the delicate balance between immune activation and resolution. Dysregulation of arginine metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary inflammatory diseases, including respiratory infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. Aberrant arginine metabolic activity in immune cells promotes either excessive inflammation or impaired immune defense, depending on the context. Understanding the immunometabolic functions of arginine offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therapeutic modulation of the arginine metabolic pathway represents a promising strategy for controlling disease progression and improving clinical outcomes, paving the way for the development of novel targeted treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoallergy and what the Allergist Needs to know.","authors":"Carolin Steinert, Margarita Pashuk, Pavel Kolkhir, Emek Kocatürk, Yi-Kui Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01215-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-025-01215-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>This review aims to educate allergists about the concept of autoallergy by addressing five questions: 1) What is autoallergy and how does it differ from classical allergy? 2) How common is autoallergy? 3) Is autoallergy clinically relevant? 4) How can autoallergy be diagnosed? and 5) How is autoallergy treated?</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In contrast to type I hypersensitivity against external allergens (allergy), autoallergy involves IgE autoantibodies targeting self-antigens. These are found in conditions like chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and asthma, with varying prevalence. While no standardized diagnostic tools exist, ELISA and basophil activation tests help identify the presence and function of IgE autoantibodies. Anti-IgE therapies have shown benefit, supporting their clinical relevance. Autoallergy is emerging as a distinct IgE-mediated mechanism that may contribute to chronic inflammation in immune-mediated diseases. Further investigation of this mechanism can improve disease stratification and enable more effective, targeted treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pediatric Allergic Diseases.","authors":"Michelle Carnazza, Robert Werner, Morgan Begley, Nan Yang, Raj Tiwari, Jan Geliebter, Xiu-Min Li","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01208-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-025-01208-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>There is a clinically important and unmet need for long-term safe and effective preventative and therapeutic options for pediatric allergic diseases. This communication reviewed the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in pediatric allergic disease, including eczema, urticaria, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), food allergy (FA), asthma, and allergic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Through evaluation of case studies, series, or clinical trials of pediatric allergy patients, or in vitro studies involving samples collected from pediatric allergy patients and in vivo model systems, naturally occurring small molecule compounds' mechanism of action by evidence-based scientific outcomes were elucidated. Notable clinical outcomes include reduction in severity score, reduction across various allergic diseases that demonstrated no toxicity, no severe adverse effects, and are well-tolerated. Immunological outcomes that attribute to this include a switch from Th2-mediated allergic response to a Th1/Treg response, characterized by reduced total and specific IgE, total eosinophil counts, and levels of exotoxin, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, IL-5, and IL-4, with elevated levels of IFN-γ and IL-10. For eczema, both multiple and single herbal formulations are common treatment modalities, including internal administration and external herbal baths and creams, whereby both provide substantial beneficial outcomes. For EoE, internally administrated formulations and use of acupuncture have been reported and shown mitigation of allergic responses. In FA, formulations have been studied in clinical trials showing consistent safety, with protection remaining to be established. More advanced development of single herbal compounds may provide an advantage for use in FA treatment. For allergic rhinitis, several multiple herbal formulations and acupuncture have demonstrated improved symptom scores. Similarly, in asthma herbal formulas and acupuncture were highly clinically effective. TCM has demonstrated high safety and efficacy in both preclinical and clinical models of various allergic diseases, including eczema, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Therefore, this scientific evidence suggests that naturally occurring small molecule compounds are promising preventives and therapeutics for pediatric allergic diseases.</p><p><strong>Disclosure: </strong>All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and national/institutional guidelines).</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Tapering the Dosage of Biologics Targeting Type 2 Inflammation: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Antonella Loperfido, Claudio Montuori, Marco Caminati, Niccolò Gori, Leandro Maria D'Auria, Gianluca Bellocchi, Carlo Cavaliere, Daniela Lucidi, Moffa Antonio, Eugenio De Corso","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01214-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-025-01214-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review evaluates current evidence on tapering strategies for anti-type 2 biologics in chronic inflammatory diseases. Given the need for long-term treatment, optimizing dosage without compromising efficacy is essential for sustainable disease management.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Biologic dose reduction strategies, such as tapering, de-escalation, dose spacing and interval dose prolongation, are increasingly explored in various type 2 inflammatory diseases, particularly in real-life settings. Studies have shown variable outcomes depending on disease type, patient characteristics, and tapering methods. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria in this systematic review. The evidence supports the feasibility of dose tapering, especially for dupilumab, in maintaining disease control while reducing drug exposure. However, standardized tapering protocols and clear patient selection criteria remain lacking. Further prospective, controlled studies are needed to define optimal, safe, and personalized de-escalation strategies for long-term management of type 2 inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD8⁺ T Cells You Should Know about in Autoimmunity: Current Paradigms of T Cell Pathogenesis in Autoimmune Disease.","authors":"Laura Lim, Anna Helena Jonsson","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01211-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-025-01211-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>CD8 T cells comprise a large portion of cells in inflamed tissues in many autoimmune diseases, yet their roles in autoimmune pathogenesis have been unclear.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Newer studies have demonstrated that CD8 T cells perform many effector functions that may play a vital role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. In some autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and polymyositis, classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes are thought to play a driving role, but in most tissues affected by autoimmune disease, granzyme K-expressing CD8 T cells are the most abundant. These cells have low cytotoxic potential and instead stimulate nearby cells by releasing cytokines and granzyme K, which can activate complement cascades. Resident memory CD8 T cells are also present in autoimmune tissues, although their roles in pathogenesis are less clear. Foxp3⁺ CD8 T cells exist, but regulatory functions of CD8 T cells extend beyond this population, as CD39 and GzmB expressed by other CD8 T cell subsets can suppress or kill nearby antigen-presenting cells and other pro-inflammatory cells. In this review, we describe CD8 T cell subsets and functions, their associations with human autoimmune diseases, as well as current and in-development treatments that target CD8 T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving Towards an Integrated Approach to Allergic Rhinitis Management: ARIA and EUFOREA Guidelines Similarities and Differences.","authors":"Désirée E S Larenas-Linnemann, Lawrence Chun-Wei Loy, Baharudin Abdullah, Glenis Kathleen Scadding","doi":"10.1007/s11882-025-01212-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-025-01212-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to raise awareness of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Disease (EUFOREA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis (AR) by presenting a side-by-side summary of their key elements. Drawing on the authors' direct involvement in the development of both, it highlights their evolution toward precision medicine and patient-centred care to support stronger doctor-patient partnerships.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Both ARIA and EUFOREA offer evidence-based guidance to support AR management, with increasing emphasis on personalisation and digital integration. While aligned in goals, they differ in patient classification, treatment delivery, and implementation strategies. Barriers to real-world use include the need for contextual adaptation, targeted education for healthcare providers and patients, and inconsistent alignment between guideline-based prescriptions and patient behaviour. Mobile health (mHealth) tools offer valuable support but require sustained engagement. Greater awareness of these guidelines can improve implementation, harmonise treatment approaches, and ultimately enhance care delivery and outcomes for individuals with AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}