L Stefano Ramirez-Gil, J J Ley-Tomas, J C Hernaiz-Leonardo, Isam Alobid, Joaquim Mullol, J C Ceballos-Cantu
{"title":"Effects of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Olfactory Function.","authors":"L Stefano Ramirez-Gil, J J Ley-Tomas, J C Hernaiz-Leonardo, Isam Alobid, Joaquim Mullol, J C Ceballos-Cantu","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01115-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01115-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review the effects of endoscopic sinus surgery and endonasal approaches to the skull base on olfaction.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Advancements in endonasal endoscopic approaches to the sinuses and skull base allow for direct treatment of a variety of sinonasal and skull base diseases. However, these extended approaches will often require manipulation of normal anatomical structures and the olfactory neuroepithelium. Depending on the planned procedure and extent of disease, the prognosis of olfactory perception can vary significantly among patients. Endoscopic sinonasal surgical procedures may impact olfaction. Optimizing olfactory function requires proper surgical techniques, gentle handling of tissue, and perioperative care. Surgeons must discuss objectives and manage patient expectations. Routine olfactory assessment is crucial in surgical work-up and follow-up. Preserving anatomical structures while addressing the obstruction of the olfactory cleft helps to prevent decreased olfactory threshold. However, smell identification and discrimination do not always correlate with sinonasal anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"715-731"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophie E Yu, Tejas S Athni, Margaret B Mitchell, Xiaodan Zhou, Simon Chiang, Stella E Lee
{"title":"The Impact of Ambient and Wildfire Air Pollution on Rhinosinusitis and Olfactory Dysfunction.","authors":"Sophie E Yu, Tejas S Athni, Margaret B Mitchell, Xiaodan Zhou, Simon Chiang, Stella E Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01110-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01110-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>With increasing industrialization, exposure to ambient and wildfire air pollution is projected to increase, necessitating further research to elucidate the complex relationship between exposure and sinonasal disease. This review aims to summarize the role of ambient and wildfire air pollution in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction and provide a perspective on gaps in the literature.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Based on an emerging body of evidence, exposure to ambient air pollutants is correlated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis in healthy individuals and increased symptom severity in CRS patients. Studies have also found a robust relationship between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and olfactory dysfunction. Ambient air pollution exposure is increasingly recognized to impact the development and sequelae of sinonasal pathophysiology. Given the rising number of wildfire events and worsening impacts of climate change, further study of the impact of wildfire-related air pollution is a crucial emerging field.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"665-673"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138479414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatments of Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wirach Chitsuthipakorn, Minh P Hoang, Dichapong Kanjanawasee, Kachorn Seresirikachorn, Kornkiat Snidvongs","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01116-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01116-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To analyze and compare the effects of epistaxis treatments for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Of total of 21 randomized controlled trials (RCT), the data from 15 RCTs (697 patients, 7 treatments: timolol, propranolol, bevacizumab, doxycycline, tacrolimus, estriol/estradiol, and tranexamic acid) were pooled for the meta-analyses while the other 6 studies (treatments: electrosurgical plasma coagulation, KTP laser, postoperative packing, tamoxifen, sclerosing agent, and estriol) were reviewed qualitatively. When compared to placebo, propranolol offered the most improved epistaxis severity score, mean difference (MD), -1.68, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) [-2.80, -0.56] followed by timolol, MD -0.40, 95%CI [-0.79, -0.02]. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the epistaxis frequency, MD -1.93, 95%CI [-3.58, -0.28]. Other treatments had indifferent effects to placebo. Qualitative analysis highlighted the benefits of tamoxifen and estriol. The adverse events of tranexamic acid, tacrolimus, propranolol, and estradiol were significantly reported. Propranolol, timolol, tranexamic acid, tamoxifen, and estriol were effective treatments which offered benefits to HHT patients in epistaxis management. Adverse events of tranexamic acid, tacrolimus, propranolol, and estradiol should be concerned.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"689-701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Emerging Role of Extracellular Traps in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Siyuan Zhang, Zhenlin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01082-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01082-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complicated, heterogeneous disease likely caused by inflammatory and infectious factors. There is clear evidence that innate immune cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils, play a significant role in CRS. Multiple immune cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils, have been shown to release chromatin and granular proteins into the extracellular space in response to triggering extracellular traps (ETs). The formation of ETs remains controversial due to their critical function during pathogen clearance while being associated with harmful inflammatory illnesses. This article summarizes recent research on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) and their possible significance in the pathophysiology of CRS.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A novel type of programmed cell death called ETosis, which releases ETs, has been proposed by recent study. Significantly more NETs are presented in nasal polyps, and its granule proteins LL-37 induce NETs production in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. Similar to NETs, developed in the tissue of nasal polyps, primarily in subepithelial regions with epithelial barrier defects, and are associated with linked to elevated tissue levels of IL-5 and S. aureus colonization. This article provides a comprehensive overview of NETs and EETs, as well as an in-depth understanding of the functions of these ETs in CRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"675-688"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10739460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Type 2 Biomarkers for the Indication and Response to Biologics in CRSwNP.","authors":"Cui-Lian Guo, Fei-Fan Liu, De-Yun Wang, Zheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01114-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01114-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Three biologics targeting type 2 inflammation have been approved for the treatment of severe and uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Nevertheless, around 40-60% of patients do not respond well to these biological treatments. Selecting appropriate patients is crucial to improve treatment outcome of biologics. This review summarizes the literature data on type 2 biomarkers, with a specific focus on the indication to biologics for severe CRSwNP.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>No consensus has been reached on how to define mucosal type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. Clinical markers (e.g., 22-item Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score, Lund-Mackay CT score (LMS), ethmoid/maxillary sinus CT score, and CT-radiomics), nasal secretion biomarkers (e.g., eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin-5), blood and nasal cytology eosinophil counts, and nasal swab eosinophil peroxidase activity have been reported to be associated with type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. The time duration since the last surgery, SNOT-22 score at 1 week of treatment, and baseline serum osteoprotegerin levels might indicate the response to dupilumab. LMS and asthma control test scores were found to have moderate predictive value for acceptable improvement after 24-week treatment of omalizumab. High blood eosinophil levels at baseline were associated with treatment response to mepolizumab and benralizumab. Although several clinical and biological markers might be associated with type 2 inflammation and response to biologics in patients with CRSwNP, their validity requires further investigation. Identifying clinically applicable biomarkers for biologic treatment holds significant promise for advancing personalized approaches to biologics and optimizing treatment outcomes for patients with CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"703-713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuromyelitis Optica: Pathogenesis Overlap with Other Autoimmune Diseases.","authors":"Nadim Taheri, Julie Sarrand, Muhammad S Soyfoo","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01112-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01112-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an auto-immune disease essentially depicted by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Per se, NMO was initially believed to be a sub-type of multiple sclerosis with typical demyelinating cerebral lesions and optic nerve inflammation. More recently, corroborating lignes of evidence have strengthened the concept of the spectrum of diseases associated with NMO and more specifically with the role of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in the pathogenesis of disease.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In this article, we review the recent pathogenic findings in NMO and more interestingly the newly discovered role of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies as key players in triggering cerebral lesions. The concept of spectrum of diseases associated with NMO is also discussed. These recent findings have paved in the further understanding of the pathogenesis underlying NMO and new treatments are currently being developed targeting anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"647-654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview and Current Advances in Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome.","authors":"Zhen-Zhen Wang, Rui Zeng, Zi-Wei Wu, Chen Wang, Hai-Qin Jiang, Hong-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01109-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01109-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>As a sulfone antibacterial agent, dapsone has been widely used to treat leprosy. Moreover, dapsone is also used in many immune diseases such as herpetic dermatitis because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, dapsone can cause several adverse effects, the most serious being dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome. Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome is characterized by a triad of eruptions, fever, and organ involvement, which limits the application of dapsone to some extent.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In this article, we review current research about the interaction model between HLA-B*13:01, dapsone, and specific TCR in dapsone-induced drug hypersensitivity. In addition to the proposed mechanisms, we also discussed clinical features, treatment progress, prevalence, and prevention of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome. These studies reveal the pathogenesis, clinical features, and prevalence from the perspectives of genetic susceptibility and innate and adaptive immunity in dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, thereby guiding clinicians on how to diagnose, prevent, and treat dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"635-645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Njira Lugogo, Maeve O'Connor, Maureen George, Rajan Merchant, Greg Bensch, Jay Portnoy, John Oppenheimer, Mario Castro
{"title":"Expert Consensus on SABA Use for Asthma Clinical Decision-Making: A Delphi Approach.","authors":"Njira Lugogo, Maeve O'Connor, Maureen George, Rajan Merchant, Greg Bensch, Jay Portnoy, John Oppenheimer, Mario Castro","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01111-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01111-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>A modified Delphi process was undertaken to provide a US expert-led consensus to guide clinical action on short-acting beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist (SABA) use. This comprised an online survey (Phase 1), forum discussion and statement development (Phase 2), and statement adjudication (Phase 3).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In Phase 1 (n = 100 clinicians), 12% routinely provided patients with ≥4 SABA prescriptions/year, 73% solicited SABA use frequency at every patient visit, and 21% did not consult asthma guidelines/expert reports. Phase 3 experts (n = 8) reached consensus (median Likert score, interquartile range) that use of ≥3 SABA canisters/year is associated with increased risk of exacerbation and asthma-related death (5, 4.75-5); SABA use history should be solicited at every patient visit (5, 4.75-5); usage patterns over time, not absolute thresholds, should guide response to SABA overuse (5, 4.5-5). Future asthma guidelines should include clear recommendations regarding SABA usage, using expert-led thresholds for action.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"621-634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occupational Rhinitis: An Update.","authors":"Jose Zamora-Sifuentes, Jill A Poole","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01103-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01103-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Occupational rhinitis is an underdiagnosed disease with significant morbidity and implications in the workplace. Multiple factors associated with this disease continue to pose a challenge to investigators. This review aims to summarize recent literature in occupational rhinitis, including classifications, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as the impact of occupational rhinitis on individuals. Additionally, it identifies areas in need of further research and investigation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We highlight current research on the association between occupational rhinitis and occupational asthma and the role of immunotherapy in this disease. Discussion includes the impact of social trends on workers and the wider consequences of occupational rhinitis including decreased work productivity, absenteeism, and socioeconomic burden. Occupational rhinitis remains a challenging disease entity due to the numerous potential causative factors, reduced recognition, morbidity in asthma, and therapeutic limitations. Additional research is needed to better identify disease predictors and develop effective management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"23 10","pages":"579-587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of Mechanical Nasal Obstruction Isolated or Associated to Upper Airway Inflammatory Diseases in Real Life: Use of both Subjective and Objective Criteria.","authors":"Carla Merma-Linares, M Dolores Martinez, Miriam Gonzalez, Isam Alobid, Enric Figuerola, Joaquim Mullol","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01104-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01104-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mechanical nasal obstruction (MNO) is a prevalent condition with a high impact on patient's quality-of-life (QoL) and socio-economic burden. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of both subjective and objective criteria in the appropriate management of MNO, either alone or associated to upper airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A long debate persists about the usefulness of subjective and objective methods for making decisions on the management of patients with nasal obstruction. Establishing standards and ranges of symptom scales and questionnaires is essential to measure the success of an intervention and its impact on QoL. To our knowledge this is the first real-life study to describe the management of MNO using both subjective and objective criteria in MNO isolated or associated to upper airway inflammatory diseases (AR or CRSwNP). Medical treatment (intranasal corticosteroids) has a minor but significant improvement in MNO subjective outcomes (NO, NOSE, and CQ7) with no changes in loss of smell and objective outcomes. After surgery, all MNO patients reported a significant improvement in both subjective and objective outcomes, this improvement being higher in CRSwNP. We concluded that in daily clinical practice, the therapeutic recommendation for MNO should be based on both subjective and objective outcomes, nasal corrective surgery being the treatment of choice in MNO, either isolated or associated to upper airway inflammatory diseases, AR or CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"23 10","pages":"567-578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}