Christopher M Warren, Shruti Sehgal, Scott H Sicherer, Ruchi S Gupta
{"title":"Epidemiology and the Growing Epidemic of Food Allergy in Children and Adults Across the Globe.","authors":"Christopher M Warren, Shruti Sehgal, Scott H Sicherer, Ruchi S Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01120-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01120-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Food allergies are immune-mediated, complex disorders, which are the source of increasing health concern worldwide. The goal of this review is to present an updated summary of the food allergy (FA) burden among children and adults across different populations, focusing on research from the past 5 years.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>FAs impact a growing number of global residents-particularly those residing in higher-income, industrialized regions. Moreover, growing epidemiologic evidence suggests that the population health burden of non-IgE-mediated FAs, such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, may also be higher than previously reported. FA is a complex trait that impacts infants, children, as well as adults across the globe. The population health burden of both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated FAs is likely to grow in the absence of rapid advances and widespread implementation of effective FA prevention and treatment interventions. Systematic epidemiological research initiatives are needed, both nationally and globally, to better understand and reduce the burden of these allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139426128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theresa A Bingemann, Jennifer LeBovidge, Lisa Bartnikas, Jennifer L P Protudjer, Linda J Herbert
{"title":"Psychosocial Impact of Food Allergy on Children and Adults and Practical Interventions.","authors":"Theresa A Bingemann, Jennifer LeBovidge, Lisa Bartnikas, Jennifer L P Protudjer, Linda J Herbert","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01121-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01121-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>IgE- and non-IgE-mediated food allergies are increasing in prevalence in children and adults worldwide. A food allergy diagnosis can be associated with a sense of overwhelm and stress and commonly has a negative impact on quality of life.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While there is an increased recognition of the psychosocial effects of food allergy, the current research reflects the experience of mostly White, well-educated wealthier populations. Some studies have now explored the psychosocial impact among other populations; however, further study is needed. It is important that physicians and allied health professionals screen for the potentially negative psychosocial effects of food allergy and provide education to promote safety and self-efficacy at each visit; however, time may be a limiting factor. Numerous validated questionnaires are now available to help assess the psychosocial impact of food allergies. Allergy-friendly foods are typically more expensive, and thus, it is imperative that physicians screen for food insecurity as well. Educational resources should be offered regarding living well with food allergies at each visit. For patients and families experiencing anxiety or food allergy burden that is difficult to manage, referral to a mental health provider should be considered. Resources regarding programs to help accessing safe foods should also be available. Further research is needed among diverse populations focusing on interventions to best support patients and families with food allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"107-119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139522328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precautionary Allergen Labeling: Avoidance for All?","authors":"Allison Schaible, Jamie Kabourek, Wendy Elverson, Carina Venter, Amanda Cox, Marion Groetch","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01129-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01129-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) suggests the risk of unintended allergen presence (UAP) in food but is unregulated in most countries and inconsistently applied by food manufacturers. This review evaluates the current use of PAL, its relevance to allergic consumers, and weighs possible advantages and disadvantages of avoiding products with PAL.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In most countries, manufacturers are free to decide whether, when, and how to apply PAL resulting in inconsistencies and consumer confusion. Patients with food allergy often interpret PAL incorrectly and without guidance from their health care providers. Health care providers are also prone to misinterpreting PAL, indicating a need for better education. Consumers desire guidance on whether to avoid products with PAL or not. Until further regulatory guidance is available, shared decision-making between patient and provider is required to offer individualized, rather than one-size-fits-all, approaches to PAL.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reversible Elevation of Tryptase Over the Individual's Baseline: Why is It the Best Biomarker for Severe Systemic Mast Cell Activation and MCAS?","authors":"Peter Valent, Cem Akin, Michel Arock","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01124-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-024-01124-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Mast cell (MC) activation syndromes (MCAS) are conditions defined by recurrent episodes of severe systemic anaphylaxis or similar systemic events triggered by MC-derived mediators that can be measured in biological fluids. Since some symptoms of MC activation may occur due to other, non-MC etiologies and lead to confusion over diagnosis, it is of crucial importance to document the involvement of MC and their products in the patients´ symptomatology.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>The most specific and generally accepted marker of severe systemic MC activation is an event-related, transient increase in the serum tryptase level over the individual baseline of the affected individual. However, baseline concentrations of serum tryptase vary among donors, depending on the genetic background, age, kidney function, and underlying disease. As a result, it is of critical importance to provide a flexible equation that defines the diagnostic increase in tryptase qualifying as MCAS criterion in all patients, all situations, and all ranges of baseline serum tryptase. In 2012, the consensus group proposed the 120% + 2 ng/ml formula, which covers the great majority of groups, including cases with low, normal, or elevated basal serum tryptase level.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>This formula has been validated in subsequent studies and has proven to be a robust and consistent diagnostic criterion of MCAS. The present article is discussing the impact of this formula and possible limitations as well as alternative markers and mediators that may be indicative of MCAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictors of Clonality and Underlying Mastocytosis in Mast Cell Activation Syndromes.","authors":"David Gonzalez-de-Olano, Iván Álvarez-Twose","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01122-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01122-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mast cell (MC) activation can present with a wide range of symptoms. The mechanisms that cause such activation are varied. One of them is the presence of clonal MCs which is defined, within other possible changes, by the presence of a somatic, activating mutation in the KIT gene. The clinical course and prognosis of patients with this underlying disease may be different from other causes of MC activation (MCA). For this reason, it is important to early diagnose, or at least suspect, which patients with MCA are due to clonal MCs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The diagnosis of clonality must be made in a comprehensive manner. However, this paper reviews chronologically each of the stages from the patient's first visit to the doctor's office which can be indicative of clonality: clinical presentation of MCA, physical examination, analytical determinations of tryptase, and/or KIT mutational analysis and bone involvement, among others. The different clonality predictive scores proposed are also reviewed and compared. Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of certainty of MC clonality is the performance of a bone marrow (BM) biopsy, there are clinical symptoms, signs, and biological parameters suggestive of clonality, as well as predictive scores, which can guide (or rule out) an early diagnosis and avoid unnecessary BM biopsies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urine Mast Cell Mediators in the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome.","authors":"Dayne Voelker, Thanai Pongdee","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01128-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01128-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mast cell activation syndrome is defined by severe, episodic, and recurrent symptoms induced by mast cell mediators with objective measurement of increase in biomarkers of mast cell activation and treatment response with mast cell therapies. Increase in serum tryptase from baseline during a mast cell activation episode is currently the most accepted biomarker measurement of mast cell release. However, during symptomatic episodes, serum tryptase can be difficult to obtain as it is a venipuncture procedure. Other objective measures of mast cell activation are needed to complement serum tryptase.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Urine mast cell mediators can be collected at home and are non-invasive tests. There is emerging evidence for the utility of urine mast cell mediators including histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandins in the diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome. In this review, clinically available urine mast cell mediators will be discussed including N-methylhistamine, leukotriene E4, and 2,3-dinor-11beta-prostaglandin F2 alpha. We discuss the rationale for the use of these urine mast cell mediators and examine the studies analyzing their performance for identifying mast cell activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Nicoloro-SantaBarbara, Marzieh Majd, Katherine E Burdick, Victoria Dixon, Matthew P Giannetti
{"title":"Cognitive Impairment and Depression in Mastocytosis: A Synthesis of the Literature.","authors":"Jennifer Nicoloro-SantaBarbara, Marzieh Majd, Katherine E Burdick, Victoria Dixon, Matthew P Giannetti","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01127-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01127-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Symptoms of depression and cognitive dysfunction are commonly reported in mastocytosis. The aims of this review paper are to summarize the current literature on cognitive dysfunction and depressive symptoms, elucidate some of the mechanistic pathways underlying depressive symptoms in mastocytosis, identify gaps in the literature, and offer guidance for future research in this area.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The study of cognition and depression in mastocytosis is in its infancy and the methodological flaws of the current literature limit interpretability. There is preliminary evidence that some individuals with mastocytosis might experience mild deficits in memory. On average, depression symptom scores fell within the mild to moderate or sub-syndromal range. Regrettably, only one study utilized a standardized diagnostic instrument to assess major depressive disorder. The authors' tendency to inaccurately equate depressive symptoms with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder presents a notable issue. The prevalence of cognitive deficits and depression appears to be similar to other chronic illnesses. Future work needs to better characterize cognition and characterize \"depression\" in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using the Right Criteria for MCAS.","authors":"Theo Gulen","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01126-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01126-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The current article aims to provide a comprehensive update on diagnostic criteria for mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), addressing challenges in diagnosing and classifying MCAS and its variants.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In recent years, there has been a significant increase in our knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms responsible for the activation of mast cells (MCs) in various pathological conditions. Furthermore, a set of criteria and a classification for MCASs have been established. MCAS is characterized by the presence of typical clinical symptoms, a substantial elevation in serum tryptase levels during an attack compared to the patient's baseline tryptase levels, and a response to MC mediator-targeting therapy. In this report, a thorough examination was conducted on the contemporary literature relating to MCAS, with a focus on comparing the specificity, sensitivity, and robustness of MCAS-related parameters within proposals for diagnosing and classifying MCAS and its variants. Moreover, the significance of employing specific consensus criteria in the assessment and categorization of MCAS in individual patients was underscored, due to the escalating occurrence of patients receiving a misdiagnosis of MCAS based on nonspecific criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mast Cells in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease","authors":"E. Abud, Andrew A. White","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01125-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-024-01125-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"16 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sabato, M. Beyens, A. Toscano, A. Gasse, Didier G Ebo
{"title":"Mast Cell–Targeting Therapies in Mast Cell Activation Syndromes","authors":"V. Sabato, M. Beyens, A. Toscano, A. Gasse, Didier G Ebo","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01123-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-023-01123-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"30 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}