Type 2 and Non-type 2 Inflammation in the Upper Airways: Cellular and Molecular Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cell Populations.

IF 5.4 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-16 DOI:10.1007/s11882-024-01137-x

Concepció Marin, Isam Alobid, Mauricio López-Chacón, Camilo R VanStrahlen, Joaquim Mullol

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Neurogenesis occurring in the olfactory epithelium is critical to continuously replace olfactory neurons to maintain olfactory function, but is impaired during chronic type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation of the upper airways. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction and the olfactory alterations in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (type 2 inflammation) and post-viral acute rhinosinusitis (non-type 2 inflammation), highlighting the role of immune response attenuating olfactory neurogenesis as a possibly mechanism for the loss of smell in these diseases.

Recent findings: Several studies have provided relevant insights into the role of basal stem cells as direct participants in the progression of chronic inflammation identifying a functional switch away from a neuro-regenerative phenotype to one contributing to immune defense, a process that induces a deficient replacement of olfactory neurons. The interaction between olfactory stem cells and immune system might critically underlie ongoing loss of smell in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction and the olfactory alterations in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases, highlighting the role of immune response attenuating olfactory neurogenesis, as a possibly mechanism for the lack of loss of smell recovery.

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上呼吸道的 2 型和非 2 型炎症：嗅觉神经上皮细胞群的细胞和分子变化。

综述的目的：嗅觉上皮的神经发生对于不断替换嗅觉神经元以维持嗅觉功能至关重要，但在上呼吸道的慢性 2 型和非 2 型炎症期间会受到损害。在这篇综述中，我们描述了嗅觉的神经生物学以及慢性鼻炎伴鼻息肉（2 型炎症）和病毒后急性鼻炎（非 2 型炎症）中嗅觉的改变，强调了免疫反应削弱嗅觉神经发生的作用可能是这些疾病中嗅觉丧失的机制：一些研究对基底干细胞作为慢性炎症进展的直接参与者的作用提供了相关见解，确定了从神经再生表型到有助于免疫防御表型的功能转换，这一过程会诱导嗅觉神经元的不足替代。嗅觉干细胞与免疫系统之间的相互作用可能是2型和非2型上气道炎症性疾病持续丧失嗅觉的关键原因。在这篇综述中，我们描述了嗅觉神经生物学以及2型和非2型上气道炎症性疾病中的嗅觉改变，强调了免疫反应削弱嗅觉神经发生的作用，这可能是嗅觉丧失无法恢复的机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 医学-过敏

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

1.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The aim of Current Allergy and Asthma Reports is to systematically provide the views of highly selected experts on current advances in the fields of allergy and asthma and highlight the most important papers recently published. All reviews are intended to facilitate the understanding of new advances in science for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergy and asthma. We accomplish this aim by appointing international experts in major subject areas across the discipline to review select topics emphasizing recent developments and highlighting important new papers and emerging concepts. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Over a one- to two-year period, readers are updated on all the major advances in allergy and asthma.