Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Are biomass feedstocks sustainable? A systematic review of three key sustainability metrics","authors":"David R. Knight,&nbsp;Michael Goldsworthy,&nbsp;Pete Smith","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.13187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomass feedstocks are growing in importance due to their ability to serve as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels for large scale energy generation, with bioenergy projected to be a growing part of the UK's energy mix. Combined with technologies such as carbon capture and storage, sustainable bioenergy has the potential to produce negative emissions with including counterbalancing residual emissions. This paper presents a systematic review of the sustainability impacts of wood biomass (forestry/SRC) and <i>Miscanthus</i>, which are grown as energy fuels, comparing the three key indicators of sustainability: soil organic carbon sequestration rates, biodiversity, and water use efficiency (WUE). Analysis has shown significant influence from primary soil composition (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and previous land use (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) on soil organic carbon sequestration rates following conversion to biomass feedstock production. Conversion from arable to forestry can have positive rates of sequestration of 1.4 ± 0.3 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ on mineral soils, while similar conversions on a highly organic soils can lead to losses of −25 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. This indicates a strong need for careful site selection for future forestry plantations. <i>Miscanthus</i> showed no preference under mineral or organic soils for carbon sequestration rate. Biodiversity at different trophic scales is impacted differently by biomass feedstock production. No significant impact on invertebrates was demonstrated between feedstocks but there is a significant difference between crops (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) for vertebrates at higher trophic levels. A limited dataset was collected for WUE from the review, but analysis showed comparable WUE rates for <i>Miscanthus</i> and short rotation coppice, while forestry had significantly lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) WUE. With global temperatures increasing and changes to climate, water stress is likely to increase. WUE will play an important role in the considerations dfor long term biomass feedstock planning and sourcing.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141939704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spatial analysis of the economic returns to land-use change from agriculture to renewable energy production: Evidence from Ireland","authors":"Cathal Geoghegan,&nbsp;Cathal O'Donoghue","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13185","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.13185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Countries are looking to reduce their agricultural sector's carbon footprint while encouraging economic and environmental sustainability. One proposed method of making agriculture more sustainable while maintaining farm incomes is through the production of bioenergy feedstocks. We examine the spatial aspect of the production of renewable energy feedstocks in Ireland. Two feedstocks are looked at—grass silage and short-rotation coppice (SRC) willow. Spatial microsimulation analysis is utilised to assess the spatial suitability for alternative land uses, simulating land-use change to compare economic returns with the current agricultural use. A farm-based carbon subsidy is modelled based on avoided agricultural emissions and carbon sequestered. We find that midlands counties, especially those in the north midlands, have the highest proportion of land where feedstocks would be more profitable than the current agricultural use. Counties on the western seaboard have the lowest proportion of land where feedstocks would give greater returns. The amount of land where feedstocks are more profitable increases as greater carbon subsidies are provided. Of the two feedstocks assessed, SRC willow cultivation is more profitable than grass silage production. The overwhelming majority of land where producing feedstocks would be more profitable has cattle farming as its current use.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did the entry of the corn ethanol industry in Brazil affect the relationship between domestic and international corn prices?","authors":"Marcelo Justus,&nbsp;Luciane Chiodi Bachion,&nbsp;Sofia Marques Arantes,&nbsp;Marcelo Melo Ramalho Moreira,&nbsp;Luciano Rodrigues","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.13181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the relationship between corn prices in Brazil and the international market, considering a rise in corn ethanol production in Brazil's Midwest region since 2017. Did the entry of the corn ethanol industry in Brazil affect the relationship between domestic and international corn prices? A cointegration analysis was made with a monthly time series from May 2005 to August 2023 controlling for different exogenous events or shocks that may have affected global agricultural markets. The study's findings indicate a stable long-term relationship between the international and Brazilian corn prices, with changes in international prices being predictors of variations in Brazilian domestic prices, while the opposite was not statistically supported. The study also found no evidence to support the claim that the entry of the corn ethanol industry into Mato Grosso state in 2017 impacted the prices paid to local producers. Therefore, the increase in Brazilian corn prices cannot be attributed to additional demand for corn by local mills, an important result that contributes to discussions such as food versus fuel and indirect land use change.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water use and radiation balance of miscanthus and corn on marginal land in the coastal plain region of North Carolina","authors":"Henrique D. R. Carvalho,&nbsp;Adam M. Howard,&nbsp;Carl R. Crozier,&nbsp;Amy M. Johnson,&nbsp;Chadi Sayde,&nbsp;Mari S. Chinn,&nbsp;Edward E. Godfrey III,&nbsp;Joshua L. Heitman","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13182","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.13182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Miscanthus is a perennial grass that can yield substantial amounts of biomass in land areas considered marginal. In the Coastal Plain region of North Carolina, marginal lands are typically located in coarse-textured soils with low nutrient retention and water-holding capacity, and high erosivity potential. Little is known about miscanthus water use under these conditions. We conducted a study to better understand the efficiency with which miscanthus uses natural resources such as water and radiant energy to produce harvestable dry biomass in comparison to corn, a typical commodity crop grown in the region. We hypothesized that under non-limiting soil water conditions, miscanthus would have greater available energy and water use rates owing to its greater leaf area, thus leading to greater agronomic yields. Conversely, these effects would be negated under drought conditions. Our measurements showed that miscanthus intercepted more radiant energy than corn, which led to greater albedo (by 0.05), lower net radiation (by 4% or 0.4 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹), and lower soil heat flux (by 69% or 1.0 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹) than corn on average. Consequently, miscanthus had greater available energy (by 7% or 0.6 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹) and water use rates (by 14% or 0.5 mm day⁻¹) than corn throughout the growing season on average, which partially confirmed our hypothesis. Greater water use rates and radiation interception by miscanthus did not translate to greater water-use (1.5 g kg⁻¹ vs. 1.6 g kg⁻¹) and radiation-use (0.9 g MJ⁻¹ vs. 1.1 g MJ⁻¹) efficiencies than corn. Compared to literature values, our data indicated that water and radiation availability were not limiting at our study site. Thus, it is likely that marginal land features present at the Coastal Plain region such as low soil fertility and high air temperatures throughout the growing season may constrain agronomic yields even if soil water and radiant energy are non-limiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “On the role of forests and the forest sector for climate change mitigation in Sweden”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13180","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Petersson, H., Ellison, D., Appiah Mensah, A., Berndes, G., Egnell, G., Lundblad, M., Lundmark, T., Lundström, A., Stendahl, J., Wikberg, P-E (2022). On the role of forests and the forest sector for climate change mitigation in Sweden. GCB Bioenergy, 14, 793–813. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12943&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We wish to inform you that we have come across an error in the stated total amount of fertilized forest land area. In the fertilization scenario (scenario “Increased Fertilization,” Table 1), this area was not approximately 0.2 Mha per year, but rather approximately 1 Mha per year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although this error does not affect the main message of the article, the reader should be informed. We propose the following errata text and apologize for our mistake:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The current text reads as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“To study the consequences of increased investments in forestry on net removals in carbon pools and substitution of fossil fuel-based alternatives, we simulate the increased fertilization scenario. This model specification represents a moderate fertilization scenario approximating established fertilization practices on a larger area, but within the legal fertilization guidelines. Established fertilization mainly targets, older, middle-aged Scots pine stands after thinning, around 10 years before final felling (Högberg et al., 2014; Jacobson &amp; Pettersson, 2010). The simulated fertilized area is thus about 200 kha per year or approximately 1% of productive MFL, roughly seven times more fertilization than assumed in the other scenarios. The simulated fertilization thus considers the effect of a one-time addition of 150 kg N/ha (ammonium nitrate). Apart from fertilization, all other parameter settings are identical with the maximum potential harvest scenario.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actual amount assessed was the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“To study the consequences of increased investments in forestry on net removals in carbon pools and the substitution of fossil fuel-based alternatives, we simulate the increased fertilization scenario. The method used to increase production was to simulate the effect of fertilization. Fertilization was allowed to take place on all types of productive forest land. Default prioritization functions (Lämås et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) were used to select which stands were to be fertilized in the simulations, with the following exceptions: fertilization was allowed on the same land every 5 instead of every 10 years, fertilization was also allowed on land with Site Index (at 100 years) higher than 32, and fertilization was also permitted if site productivity was greater than 12 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/ha/year. The amount of fertilized area each year was approximately 4% of the total productive forest area or around 1 million/ha/year. The simulated fertilization thus considers the effect of 150 kg N/ha (ammonium nitrate) for each year of fertilization. Apart from fertilization, all other parameter settings are identical with the maximum potential harvest s","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainties in greenhouse gas emission factors: A comprehensive analysis of switchgrass-based biofuel production","authors":"Seungdo Kim,&nbsp;Bruce E. Dale,&nbsp;Bruno Basso","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates uncertainties in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors related to switchgrass-based biofuel production in Michigan. Using three life cycle assessment (LCA) databases—US lifecycle inventory (USLCI) database, GREET, and Ecoinvent—each with multiple versions, we recalculated the global warming intensity (GWI) and GHG mitigation potential in a static calculation. Employing Monte Carlo simulations along with local and global sensitivity analyses, we assess uncertainties and pinpoint key parameters influencing GWI. The convergence of results across our previous study, static calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations enhances the credibility of estimated GWI values. Static calculations, validated by Monte Carlo simulations, offer reasonable central tendencies, providing a robust foundation for policy considerations. However, the wider range observed in Monte Carlo simulations underscores the importance of potential variations and uncertainties in real-world applications. Sensitivity analyses identify biofuel yield, GHG emissions of electricity, and soil organic carbon (SOC) change as pivotal parameters influencing GWI. Decreasing uncertainties in GWI may be achieved by making greater efforts to acquire more precise data on these parameters. Our study emphasizes the significance of considering diverse GHG factors and databases in GWI assessments and stresses the need for accurate electricity fuel mixes, crucial information for refining GWI assessments and informing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upscaling miscanthus production in the United Kingdom: The benefits, challenges, and trade-offs","authors":"E. M. Hodgson,&nbsp;J. McCalmont,&nbsp;R. Rowe,&nbsp;J. Whitaker,&nbsp;A. Holder,&nbsp;J. C. Clifton-Brown,&nbsp;J. Thornton,&nbsp;A. Hastings,&nbsp;P. R. H. Robson,&nbsp;R. J. Webster,&nbsp;K. Farrar,&nbsp;I. S. Donnison","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The UK sixth carbon budget has recommended domestic biomass supply should increase to meet growing demand, planting a minimum of 30,000 hectares of perennial energy crops a year by 2035, with a view to establishing 700,000 hectares by 2050 to meet the requirements of the balanced net zero pathway. Miscanthus is a key biomass crop to scale up domestic biomass production in the United Kingdom. A cohesive land management strategy, based on robust evidence, will be required to ensure upscaling of miscanthus cultivation maximizes the environmental and economic benefits and minimizes undesirable consequences. This review examines research into available land areas, environmental impacts, barriers to uptake, and the challenges, benefits, and trade-offs required to upscale miscanthus production on arable land and grassland in the United Kingdom. Expansion of perennial biomass crops has been considered best restricted to marginal land, less suited to food production. The review identifies a trade-off between avoiding competition with food production and a risk of encroaching on areas containing high-biodiversity or high-carbon stocks, such as semi-natural grasslands. If areas of land suitable for food production are needed to produce the biomass required for emission reduction, the review indicates there are multiple strategies for miscanthus to complement long-term food security rather than compete with it. On arable land, a miscanthus rotation with a cycle length of 10–20 years can be employed as fallow period for fields experiencing yield decline, soil fatigue, or persistent weed problems. On improved grassland areas, miscanthus presents an option for diversification, flood mitigation, and water quality improvement. Strategies need to be developed to integrate miscanthus into farming systems in a way that is profitable, sensitive to local demand, climate, and geography, and complements rather than competes with food production by increasing overall farm profitability and resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar produced from waste-based feedstocks: Mechanisms, affecting factors, economy, utilization, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Shams Forruque Ahmed,&nbsp;Fatema Mehejabin,&nbsp;Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury,&nbsp;Fares Almomani,&nbsp;Nadeem A. Khan,&nbsp;Irfan Anjum Badruddin,&nbsp;Sarfaraz Kamangar","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar possesses unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area, a high carbon content, sufficient capacity for cation exchange, and a robust structure. However, biochar contains hazardous pollutants like volatile organic compounds that harm soil properties and functionality. Although several studies on biochar production from various feedstocks have been undertaken in recent years, several issues about feedstock preparation, economic feasibility, influencing factors, and the proper utilization of biochar production processes need to be addressed. This paper thus addresses these issues by providing potential solutions identified through a comprehensive review. Slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and Acacia nilotica yields biochar from 20 to 52 wt% at various temperatures and residence times. Biochar yield varies from 29 to 48.3 wt% when waste tires and corn stalks are rapidly pyrolyzed at higher temperatures and for shorter periods. Torrefaction of algal biomass at moderate temperatures with different residence times can result in a substantial yield of 50–60 wt%. However, the variability and heterogeneity of waste feedstocks pose potential challenges affecting biochar's quality and properties. Given its widespread use in carbon sequestration, soil remediation, wastewater purification, and organic waste composting, the mechanisms of biochar production in environmental usage need to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of deadwood substrates in promoting moss growth: Decay class and particle size effects","authors":"Bingyang Shi,&nbsp;Xiurong Wang,&nbsp;Shuoyuan Yang,&nbsp;Hongmei Chen,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Qiao Liu,&nbsp;Rong Zou,&nbsp;Yannan Pan","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Plagiomnium acutum</i> has a high value of landscape application and medicinal value, but there is a lack of related research on propagation and cultivation techniques. The deadwood substrate has rich nutrients and superior water retention properties, which will be conducive to promoting the growth of moss. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms by which deadwood influences moss growth are not yet fully unclear. In this study, we pulverized deadwood from five decay classes of <i>Pinus massoniana</i> into three distinct particle sizes. Through a pot experiment, we investigated the effects of decay class and physicochemical properties on the growth and physiology of <i>Plagiomnium acutum</i>, aiming to identify the most suitable growth substrate. The results indicated that both the decay class and particle diameter of deadwood significantly affect the substrate's physicochemical characteristics and the growth indexes of <i>P. acutum</i>, with the decay class exerting a more pronounced effect. The water-holding porosity, water-holding capacity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and lignin content of the substrate positively affected the growth of <i>P. acutum</i>, while the bulk density, void ratio, total carbon, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, condensed tannin content and cellulose content had negative impacts. A comprehensive evaluation using a fuzzy membership function indicated that deadwood with higher decay classes (IV and V) was more conducive to the growth of <i>P. acutum</i>. Specifically, substrates from decay class IV with particle sizes of 10–20 mm provided the most favorable conditions for <i>P. acutum</i> and were recommended as the optimal cultivation substrate. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical support for the propagation and cultivation of <i>P. acutum</i>, and provide a foundation for further development of the industrial, pharmaceutical and environmental biotechnology potential of <i>P. acutum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting investment potential of an emerging forest bioeconomy market: An EU—Australian benchmarking study","authors":"Leanda C. Garvie,&nbsp;Mark Brown,&nbsp;David J. Lee,&nbsp;Biljana Kulišić","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.13176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In emerging markets, investment costs tend to be associated with uncertainty, especially if the investment is policy driven. Globally, nations have agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to keep the temperature increase below 1.5°C by 2100. Australia faces challenges in achieving its Paris Agreement Nationally Determined Contributions and Agenda 2030 commitments, mostly given the extraction profile of its economy. Introducing renewable carbon from forest residues in the niche markets could increase the competitiveness of the forest industry not only in terms of reduced energy costs but also in terms of ‘greening’ the primary product. Growing interest in the bioenergy market, linked with large volumes of available biomass feedstocks including forest residues, presents opportunities in Australia. Yet, ambiguity about costs and concerns about biomass supply throttle the investment potential. This paper aims to estimate a range of forest residue costs along the supply chain for the Australian market by projecting the biomass supply costs from a mature bioenergy market onto it using a benchmarking process reinforced by expert opinion. A three-round Delphi method in which experts indicated direction and range of costs along the forest biomass supply chain revealed that roadside costs of forest residues (other than stumps), and biomass transportation costs, are lower than or equal to and equal to or higher than, the EU costs respectively. Experts ranked investment and supply-side support as priority areas for the development of forest bioenergy in Australia. The expert estimations of forest residue cost ranges along the supply chain offer the first layer for framing a national policy for forest bioenergy within the broader bioeconomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.13176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}