Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Beetle Killed Trees for the Production of Transportation Biofuels","authors":"Oluwanisola Makinde,&nbsp;Fernando Resende,&nbsp;Micheal Asama,&nbsp;Demian F. Gomez","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We conducted catalytic hydropyrolysis of beetle-killed trees: Pine, Ash tree, and Redbay in a micro-pyrolyzer (Py/GC–MS) and investigated the performance of heterogeneous catalysts like HZSM-5, NiMo-HZSM-5, and NiRe-HZSM-5. We also investigated the effects of temperature, catalyst-to-biomass ratio, and hydrogen pressure on product yield. Our findings reveal that aromatic yields increase with temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio but decline at higher hydrogen pressures; additionally, higher catalyst acidity enhances both total hydrocarbon production and selectivity toward C7–C8 aromatics, with each feedstock exhibiting distinct optimal conditions. The type of metal doped on the HZSM-5 zeolite plays an important role in the process. Under the tested conditions (500°C, 21 bar, and catalyst-to-biomass ratio 10:1), Molybdenum (Mo) outperformed Rhenium (Re) for promoting alkane formation. The NiRe-HZSM-5 catalyst produced only a modest yield of alkanes (0.7 wt.%) compared to the higher yield (10.0 wt.%) observed with NiMo-HZSM-5. Overall, NiMo-HZSM-5 was the optimum catalyst for the production of alkanes. HZSM-5 is the optimum catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons. To optimize the operating parameters and enhance aromatic yield, we employed a response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis revealed that the maximum product yield of 35.0% is obtained at 570°C, 14 bar, and catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 14:1. The highest aromatic yield of 28.3% is obtained at 562°C, 14 bar, and catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 13:1. The highest alkane yield is 5.7%, obtained at 400°C, 14 bar, and catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 8.6:1.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Stocks in Sugarcane Biomass and Their Implications on Land Use Change CO2 Balance in Brazil","authors":"Thayse Aparecida Dourado Hernandes,&nbsp;Nilza Patrícia Ramos,&nbsp;Sandra Furlan Nogueira,&nbsp;Ricardo Antonio Almeida Pazianotto,&nbsp;Renan Milagres L. Novaes,&nbsp;Elizabethe de Campos Ravagnani,&nbsp;Gustavo Bayma,&nbsp;Luiz Eduardo Gomes da Silva,&nbsp;Cristiano Alberto de Andrade,&nbsp;Marília Ieda da Silveira Folegatti","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioenergy represents a promising solution for mitigating climate change with sugarcane representing the most important feedstock in Brazil. However, its cultivation has raised concerns regarding direct land use change (DLUC), from which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can significantly alter its potential as a renewable energy source. Given its relevance for Brazil's energy transition strategy, this study aimed to derive more representative and regionalized estimates of carbon stocks in sugarcane biomass in Brazil. Impacts on carbon balance from DLUC associated with sugarcane cultivation over a 20-year period were evaluated. An extensive literature review was conducted to compile a dataset of sugarcane biomass parameters that compose the carbon pools and represent Brazil's current sugarcane production system. The main outcome is a sugarcane biomass' carbon factor (CF_SUG) of 0.133 (±3.8%). It enables flexible and straightforward estimation of sugarcane carbon stock by multiplying by yield, that captures spatial and temporal variability. Using a 10-year average yield, the mean biomass carbon stock is 9.9% ± 4.1% MgC.ha⁻¹ at national-level, over 100% higher and more accurate than IPCC's 4.7% ± 75%. The DLUC CO₂ balance associated with sugarcane for 2000–2019 was negative, indicating net carbon removal, with an average of −4.8 TgCO₂.year⁻¹ (−9.1 to −0.5). The proposed CF_SUG led to carbon removal in 62% of the sugarcane-producing municipalities, compared to 37% in previous studies that used standard values. The use of CF_SUG in DLUC CO₂ balance is recommended since they are more precise and representative of Brazilian conditions and can support more well informed GHG inventories and bioenergy policies worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensembling Crop Models and Multi Criteria Analysis to Unlock Bioenergy From Marginal Lands: A Scenario-Based Assessment From Italy","authors":"Claudio Russo,&nbsp;Valerio Cirillo,&nbsp;Nausicaa Pollaro,&nbsp;Stefania Pindozzi,&nbsp;Elena Cervelli,&nbsp;Roberto Rea,&nbsp;Giovanni Pica,&nbsp;Andrea Chiodini,&nbsp;Alessia Perego,&nbsp;Fabio Terribile,&nbsp;Albino Maggio,&nbsp;Davide Cammarano","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biofuels can play a crucial role in decarbonising transport by providing low-carbon solutions for hard-to-abate sectors. Second-generation feedstocks, cultivated on marginal lands, offer the potential to reduce the drawbacks associated with biofuels derived from food crops such as competition with food production. A Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) coupled with a two-model ensemble (DSSAT-CROPGRO and ARMOSA) was used to quantify the gross bioenergy potential of the oil fraction of three underutilized crops: <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> (Safflower), <i>Ricinus communis</i> (Castor bean), and <i>Brassica carinata</i> (Ethiopian mustard) on the identified Italian marginal lands. The MCA classified up to 38% of Italian agricultural land as marginal land. Both models performed well on calibration and evaluation datasets on phenology and yield with RRMSE values that varied from 2% to 28%. Long-term simulations were used to map spatial patterns of productivity and to screen areas based on economic viability and interannual stability under contrasting management options. Depending on management and stability requirements, 1.0–2.41 Mha were suitable for bioenergy crops, corresponding to 16–50 PJ of gross feedstock energy. This represents a significant contribution to current Italian biofuel consumption, especially considering that Italy is a net importer of feedstocks for biofuel production. On a gross energy-equivalent basis, these values correspond to 17%–52% of the current energy demand of aviation and shipping in Italy, although the actual contribution as final biofuel would be lower once downstream conversion and logistics losses are considered. Climate and soil variability strongly influence crop productivity, with a gradient observed from northern to southern Italy. Although biofuels cannot fully replace fossil fuels in transport, they can still play a pivotal role in hard-to-abate sectors, where alternatives remain limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148462750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of Flooding Tolerance in an F2 Miscanthus sacchariflorus ssp. lutarioriparius × M. sinensis Population","authors":"D. Zerpa-Catanho,&nbsp;L. Xiao,&nbsp;N. LaBonte,&nbsp;Y. Yoshinaga,&nbsp;M. Blow,&nbsp;K. Barry,&nbsp;X. Kuang,&nbsp;E. Cebert,&nbsp;T. Mitros,&nbsp;D. Rokhsar,&nbsp;K. Swaminathan,&nbsp;E. J. Sacks","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Miscanthus</i> is a warm-season, perennial grass cultivated as a feedstock for bioenergy and bioproducts. <i>M. sacchariflorus</i> ssp. <i>lutarioriparius</i> has high yield potential and is well-adapted to seasonal flooding, but little is known about the genetics of this adaptation. We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on a population of 332 diploid <i>Miscanthus</i> ×<i>giganteus</i> (Mxg) F₂s derived from an initial cross between diploid <i>M. sacchariflorus</i> ssp. <i>lutarioriparius</i> ‘PF30022’ and diploid <i>M. sinensis</i> ‘PMS-014’, followed by intermating 50 F₁s. Using tanks in a greenhouse to assess the effects of partial submergence on actively growing plants, we compared an aerobic soil control to a 6-week flood treatment. The study's primary objectives were to (1) identify QTL for flooding tolerance in <i>Miscanthus</i>, (2) identify candidate genes and (3) compare ethylene response factors in <i>Miscanthus</i> with those in rice and <i>Arabidopsis</i>, sorghum and maize for binding site sequence homology and synteny, especially those associated with flooding tolerance. In total, 10 QTL and 66 candidate genes for partial submergence tolerance were identified (including many for ethylene signalling), a first report for <i>Miscanthus</i>. Notably, none of the <i>Miscanthus</i> candidates were orthologs of rice <i>Sub1A</i>, <i>SK1</i> or <i>SK2</i>, yet the ‘PF30022’ parent exhibited a snorkeling phenotype, indicating convergent evolution. This study will facilitate breeding of climate-resiliant Mxg.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148462871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Controls on Carbon Fluxes and Biomass Production in Miscanthus: Insights From a Process-Based Agroecosystem Model","authors":"Zhongjing Jiang,&nbsp;Kaiyu Guan,&nbsp;Ziyi Li,&nbsp;Robert Grant,&nbsp;Rongzhu Qin,&nbsp;Theodore Hartman,&nbsp;Mengqi Jia,&nbsp;Jingting Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Peng,&nbsp;Emily Heaton,&nbsp;Andy VanLoocke,&nbsp;Carl Bernacchi,&nbsp;Andrew D. B. Leakey,&nbsp;Lang Zhou","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomass crops serve as essential feedstocks for renewable energy and bioproducts and play a critical role in achieving lower emissions in the transportation sector. However, dedicated perennial biomass crops such as <i>Miscanthus × giganteus</i> (<i>Miscanthus</i>) remain underrepresented in process-based agroecosystem models, limiting robust evaluation of their economic and environmental performance. In this study, we developed a data-constrained representation of the sterile triploid Miscanthus (IL clone) within the process-based model <i>ecosys</i>, integrating global sensitivity analysis, ensemble simulation, and parameter calibration. Planting, harvesting, and fertilization practices consistent with field management were incorporated, and phenology was constrained using PhenoCam-derived Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) data. Using the Morris global sensitivity analysis method, we identified 11 key physiological parameters governing plant carbon, water, and nutrient relations, particularly processes associated with CO₂ assimilation. We then conducted ensemble simulations by perturbing these parameters and calibrated the model against eddy covariance fluxes and field-measured biomass. Building on the calibrated operating state, parameter-response analyses show that different photosynthetic processes influence productivity in different ways. Protein allocation determines whether productivity increases toward a higher level, whereas electron transport capacity controls additional gains once protein allocation approaches saturation. These findings demonstrate that parameter importance depends on physiological context and on which photosynthetic processes remain limiting. Calibration and validation against observations show that <i>ecosys</i> can reliably reproduce carbon and water fluxes, as well as both above- and belowground biomass, with post-calibration GPP <i>R</i>² improving from 0.67 to 0.95 during the calibration period and remaining high during validation (<i>R</i>² = 0.95). These results provide a mechanistic foundation for regional simulations and sustainable bioenergy assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-Based Urea Enhances Yield and Quality of Lady's Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.): A Pathway Towards Sustainable Nitrogen Management","authors":"Litun Ahmed Labib,&nbsp;Md. Zahir Rayhan,&nbsp;Swagata Ahmed,&nbsp;Most. Sanjida Badhon,&nbsp;Md. Lotifuzzaman Lemon,&nbsp;Md. Masum Reza,&nbsp;Md. Sakil Ahmmed,&nbsp;Md. Rifatul Islam Rifat","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers pose serious threats to sustainable agriculture, causing severe soil fertility depletion, environmental degradation, and economic losses. Biochar-based nitrogen fertilizers (BBNFs) offer a promising strategy to enhance NUE through controlled nutrient release and improved soil quality. However, the effect of BBNFs on lady's finger (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L.) production is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BBNFs on the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of lady's finger. Seven treatments were employed, including conventional urea, biochar-mixed urea (BMU), and biochar-coated urea (BCU). Results demonstrated that BCU (T7) significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) outperformed all other treatments, producing the highest number of leaves, leaf area, plant height, photosynthetic rate, biomass accumulation, and pod yield (13.62 t ha⁻¹), representing a 65.9% increase over conventional urea. BCU also achieved the greatest agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency (24.27 g g⁻¹), harvest index (55.41%), and cost-income ratio (2.63). Nutritional quality traits, including TSS, ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, protein, etc., were also significantly enhanced under BCU. The findings highlight the potential of BCU as a sustainable fertilizer management strategy that improves yield, fruit quality, and economic returns in lady's finger, while providing actionable approaches to enhance NUE and mitigate environmental degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Carbon–Water–Energy Dynamics in Perennial and Annual Bioenergy Agroecosystems Using Eddy Covariance and Interpretable Machine Learning","authors":"Koong Yi,&nbsp;Michael C. Benson,&nbsp;Taylor L. Pederson,&nbsp;Carl J. Bernacchi","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how agroecosystems respond to environmental variability is fundamental to predicting productivity and sustainability under a changing climate. We analyzed 55 site-years of high-frequency eddy covariance observations from five agroecosystems—two perennial grasses (miscanthus and switchgrass), two annual rotation systems (maize–soybean and sorghum–soybean), and a restored native prairie—to examine ecosystem-scale carbon, water, and energy fluxes. Using an interpretable machine-learning framework with regression tree ensembles, Shapley Additive Explanations, and Accumulated Local Effects, we quantified how environmental and temporal factors regulate gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), water-use efficiency, and the Bowen ratio. Perennials exhibited stronger physiological buffering and maintained fluxes across a broader range of temperature and moisture conditions, reflecting deeper rooting and persistent canopy cover. Annuals, in contrast, showed greater short-term variability and stronger coupling to atmospheric demand, with GPP and ET declining rapidly under low humidity or soil moisture. Differences in temperature sensitivity of Bowen ratio further revealed that perennials sustained proportionally greater sensible heat flux under cool conditions, whereas annuals exhibited constrained energy exchange when evaporative demand was low. Together, these results demonstrate that crop life cycle and canopy structure are fundamental determinants of ecosystem-scale carbon–water–energy coupling. By integrating long-term flux observations with interpretable machine learning, this study identifies the environmental drivers that shape agroecosystem function and highlights how conversion from annual to perennial feedstocks can enhance climatic resilience and alter land–atmosphere energy feedbacks. These findings provide a data-driven basis for improving crop and Earth-system models and for guiding bioenergy landscape design under future climate scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Cultivation of Perennial Energy Crops Enhance Ecosystem Multifunctionality on Marginal Red Soil Without Trade-Offs","authors":"Yini Wu (伍旖旎),&nbsp;Yi Xu (许依),&nbsp;Tongcheng Fu (傅童成),&nbsp;Meng Li (李蒙),&nbsp;Moritz von Cossel,&nbsp;Grant Campbell,&nbsp;Pete Smith,&nbsp;Yasir Iqbal,&nbsp;Zili Yi (易自力),&nbsp;Shuai Xue (薛帅)","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perennial energy crops (PECs) are increasingly being recommended for cultivation on marginal lands to support the bioeconomy and promote soil restoration, owing to their low input requirements and large potential for soil organic carbon sequestration. However, the effects of the cultivation of PECs on the trade-offs or synergies among soil functions, and consequently on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), remain unclear, hindering large-scale adoption. We conducted our measurements in a long-term field experiment that was established a decade ago, where <i>Miscanthus</i> and switchgrass were cultivated alongside a native C₃ grass mixture (<i>Cyperus rotundus</i> L. and <i>Setaria viridis</i> L.) as reference to assess the effects of PECs on soil multifunctionality. We assessed 10 ecosystem functions grouped into provisioning, supporting, and regulating services. The results demonstrate that <i>Miscanthus</i> and switchgrass cultivation elevated the overall EMF by an average of 5.29-fold over the C₃ native grass control, with supporting, regulating, and provisioning services increasing by 2.08, 7.27, and 43.98-fold, respectively. Specifically, the two PECs improved all 10 measured soil functions, with the exception of abiotic stress regulation under switchgrass cultivation. <i>Miscanthus</i> outperformed switchgrass by 41.54% in supporting services and 81.09% in provisioning services, resulting in higher EMF. Moreover, strong positive relationships were observed among the three service categories, indicating that the cultivation of PECs improves EMF consistently without significant trade-offs. These findings suggest that cultivating PECs on marginal land can simultaneously provide sustainable biomass feedstock and enhance soil health, supporting the feasibility for larger-scale deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Biomethane Recovery From Source-Separated Cow Urine via Co-Digestion With Waste Paper","authors":"Busra Kabay,&nbsp;Unal Sirin","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the biogas potential of source-separated cow urine (CU) was evaluated through anaerobic co-digestion with waste paper (WP) under mesophilic conditions (37°C ± 1°C) in batch mode. Anaerobic digestion performance was assessed in terms of biogas-biomethane yields, total (TS) and volatile solids (VS) removal, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and compared with WP mono-digestion. Five different blends were prepared in duplicate with an inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 1:1. The proportions were: 100% WP (CU₀ control), 90% WP + 10% CU (CU₁₀), 80% WP + 20% CU (CU₂₀), 70% WP + 30% CU (CU₃₀), and 50% WP + 50% CU (CU₅₀) operated over a 66-day hydraulic retention time. The CU₅₀ bioreactor showed the highest efficiency, achieving 86% TS and 87% VS removal, and yielding 92.5% and 150% higher biogas and biomethane yields, respectively, compared with the control. The pH values and VFA concentrations of the bioreactors ranged from 5.395 to 7.83 and 1615.46 to 7280.02 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Effluent sCOD values in CU₃₀, CU₂₀, CU₁₀, and CU₀ increased by 80.05, 111.07, 154.41, and 293.94 mg sCOD g⁻¹ VS, respectively, relative to influent values, whereas CU₅₀ achieved 47.2 mg sCOD g⁻¹ VS removal. Comparison of C/N ratios showed a 14.35% decrease in the control, whereas CU₅₀ achieved an optimal C/N ratio of 25.1312, facilitating biogas production. Co-digesting source-separated cow urine with waste office paper effectively enhanced biogas production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Losses, Trade-Offs, and Mitigation Potential in Global Sugarcane Cropping Systems","authors":"Pongsathorn Sukdanont,&nbsp;Baobao Pan,&nbsp;Weijin Wang,&nbsp;Helen Suter,&nbsp;Deli Chen,&nbsp;Shu Kee Lam","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excessive nitrogen (N) inputs in warm and wet sugarcane cropping systems lead to substantial ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, nitrate (NO₃⁻) leaching, and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) runoff, posing risks to air quality, aquatic ecosystems, and climate forcing. A global, integrative understanding of the drivers of these loss pathways and the effectiveness of management practices is required to balance sugarcane productivity with reductions in environmental N pollution across diverse sugarcane regions. Here we synthesized data from global sugarcane experiments to derive region-specific emission factors (EFs) for multiple N loss pathways and to identify key biophysical and management controls on N losses, crop yield, and their trade-offs. Brazil showed the highest NH₃ volatilization EF (7.4%); Australia the highest N₂O emission EF (2.6%); and Brazil the highest NO₃⁻ leaching EF (8.9%), highlighting strong regional contrasts in N loss dynamics. Across regions, N application rate and cane trash retention were major regulators of NH₃ volatilization, with surface trash retention overriding soil pH and clay effects. N₂O emissions increased with high N inputs and carbon availability, but were negatively associated with water inputs, suggesting enhanced complete denitrification under wetter conditions. High N and water inputs increased DIN runoff. Increasing N input enhanced sugarcane yield but also amplified all major N loss pathways. Cane trash retention increased yield but raised NH₃ and N₂O losses, whereas adding carbon-rich sugar mill by-products reduced NH₃ but increased N₂O emissions. Urease and nitrification inhibitors effectively reduced NH₃ and N₂O losses, respectively, while controlled-release fertilizers showed inconsistent impacts. Scenario-based modelling demonstrates trade-offs between N loss reduction and productivity, with urease and nitrification inhibitors substantially reducing N losses without compromising yield, outperforming strategies based solely on N rate reduction or cane trash removal. These findings together inform sustainable N management strategies that mitigate environmental impacts while maintaining sugarcane productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}