Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Biochar as a Platform to Increase Manure Carbon Residence Time in Soil","authors":"Chumki Banik,&nbsp;Poonam Sashidhar,&nbsp;Ryan G. Smith,&nbsp;Santanu Bakshi","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Manure and biochar (BC) based practices influence soil carbon (C) dynamics. However, manure does not enhance soil carbon (C) as quickly as BC does. Data on BC from different feedstocks and their co-application with manure in stabilizing labile manure C fractions in soil systems is still inadequate. We hypothesize that manure-BC co-application will increase soil total C by influencing the microbial community, likely to increase labile and recalcitrant C than manure alone. This study evaluated several stability parameters of manure (swine and dairy) under four rates of different BC (herbaceous corn stover, woody yellow pine, and willow) following 1 month of aging. These aged mixtures were applied to the soil and incubated for 203 days to fit a two-pool model, and the soil labile C residence time was determined. A significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) positive correlation between ash-free volatile solids: fixed solids and molar H:C_org and O:C_org supports that BC addition generally stabilizes manure C by changing the mixture's physicochemical properties. Hot water extracted C of the fresh and aged mixtures revealed that high BC addition rates and BC produced from wood are significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) more efficient in decreasing the labile C pool than untreated manure, low BC application rates, and herbaceous BC. Soil incubation study revealed that BC rate significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) reduced ammonium-N availability, labile C release, and respirational C loss, but increased soil recalcitrant-C. This study reports that manure type and BC application rate significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) influence microbial biomass C, and co-application was harmless to microbes, which in turn influences the residence time of labile C. This laboratory-based study suggests that manure-BC addition to soil builds soil total C more consistently than manure alone, supporting our initial hypothesis. However, a field-based study is warranted to evaluate manure's C and N stability and nutrient release performances under dynamic soil conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Diversity and Abundance of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Grassland Soils: The Emerging Case of Ammonium Sulfate and Sulfammox Process","authors":"Bella Tsachidou,&nbsp;Magdalena Calusinska,&nbsp;Christophe Hissler,&nbsp;Jérôme Gennen,&nbsp;Benjamin Daigneux,&nbsp;Séverine Piutti,&nbsp;Alexandre Laflotte,&nbsp;Isabelle George,&nbsp;Philippe Delfosse","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving agricultural productivity to meet the growing food and feed demand via nitrogen fertilization comes with trade-offs such as environmental pollution and biodiversity loss. Biogas residues (BRs) being a relatively new biofertilizer aiming at substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizers, have raised questions regarding their biosecurity and environmental footprint. In this study, we explored and compared the effect of repeated application of different nitrogen fertilizers on the bacterial and fungal α-diversity, relative abundance, β-diversity, and taxonomic composition in grassland soils over a period of two years. Given the paramount importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agriculture and climate change, we examined the relative abundance of Glomeromycota and their response to the different nitrogen fertilizers. Finally, the soil microbial community was scanned for the most prominent pathogens that are often detected in BRs and are the main concern related to their application on agricultural soils. Microbial communities in the soil were identified and quantified via high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA marker gene for bacteria, and the ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) region for fungi. Overall, the results suggest that the soil bacteriome is more sensitive than the mycobiome to nitrogen fertilization. Specifically, ammonium sulfate application appears to negatively impact bacterial alpha-diversity, while also altering the relative abundance of Glomeromycota, prompting us to question the potential involvement of the sulfammox process in the loss of soil microbial diversity. Notably, the application of biogas residues did not alter the diversity or abundance of soil microbial communities, nor harbored any significant pathogens; therefore, advocating for their safety and encouraging further research to validate their safe nature and beneficial properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Rotation Forestry Expansion Drives Carbon Sequestration in Biomass but Not in Soil","authors":"Getachew Gemtesa Tiruneh,&nbsp;Asmamaw Alemu,&nbsp;Jennie Barron,&nbsp;Fantaw Yimer,&nbsp;Erik Karltun","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A significant land use change from cropland to short rotation forestry (SRF) has taken place in the northwestern (NW) Ethiopian highlands where a fast-growing tree species, <i>Acacia mearnsii</i>, is cultivated to produce charcoal for urban markets. We investigated the extent of this land use change, its impact on the landscape carbon (C) budget, and its implications for climate change mitigation by combining field studies with remote sensing. We analyzed land use and land cover changes between 2005 and 2022 using Google Earth Pro imagery and validated the result with ground truthing through field observations. We estimated C stocks using soil and biomass samples collected from <i>A. mearnsii</i> plantation fields managed by smallholder farmers across three rotations and stand ages, as well as from cropland and other major land use types. Between 2005 and 2022, 60% of the cropland in the studied district was converted to <i>A. mearnsii</i> plantations. Our analysis showed that <i>A. mearnsii</i> cultivation had the highest spatial cover in 2017. However, a disease outbreak in 2020 resulted in a 40% reduction in cultivated area by 2022 compared to 2017 levels. The expansion of <i>A. mearnsii</i> cultivation increased total landscape C stocks by 21%, equivalent to a net sequestration of 0.3 Mt CO₂ year⁻¹ in the study district. This corresponded to 2.3% of Ethiopia's total annual fossil fuel emissions in 2021. The observed gain was due to C accumulation in standing biomass. In contrast, soil C stock showed a declining trend with successive rotations, though this change was not statistically significant. The main contribution of <i>A. mearnsii</i> based SRF in NW Ethiopia to the C budget is its potential to reduce dependence on natural forest for charcoal and firewood production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of Transketolase Relieves xylA Repression and Enhances Xylose Utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae During Mixed Sugar Fermentation","authors":"Si Xu,&nbsp;Wanli Cheng,&nbsp;Huanan Li,&nbsp;Jiashu Liu,&nbsp;Kexin Chen,&nbsp;Zhengbing Jiang","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolic engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> has enabled xylose-fermenting yeast strains. However, the bioavailability dilemma of xylose has become the core bottleneck restricting the economy of lignocellulose. This study investigates the overexpression of the transketolase gene (<i>TKL1</i>) in the pentose phosphate pathway to enhance xylose utilization efficiency during mixed sugar fermentation. We initially characterized the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on xylose consumption and ethanol production. The recombinant yeast strain INV<i>Sc-xylA-Xltr1p-TKL1</i> demonstrated significant improvements in xylose utilization. In a xylose-only medium (SCX) with organic nitrogen, the strain consumed 1.54 g/L of xylose over 120 h, while in a mixed glucose and xylose medium, xylose consumption reached 3.01 g/L, reflecting increases of 52.4% and 16.2% compared with the control, respectively. With inorganic nitrogen, the strain consumed 1.3 g/L of xylose in a SCX medium and 2.69 g/L in a mixed glucose-xylose medium, corresponding to increases of 13% and 24.5% compared with the control group, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the recombinant strain achieved a sugar-to-ethanol conversion rate of 0.43 g/g, yielding 84.3% and 93.5% of the theoretical ethanol production for glucose and xylose, respectively. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that the expression level of the xylose isomerase (<i>xylA</i>) gene in INV<i>Sc-xylA-Xltr1p-TKL1</i> was significantly upregulated, doubling that of the control. This enhanced expression correlated with reduced xylulose accumulation, suggesting alleviation of <i>xylA</i> repression. These findings demonstrate that transketolase overexpression enhances the co-utilization of glucose and xylose, improving bioethanol production efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Management Legacy Effects on Switchgrass Growth and Soil Carbon Gains","authors":"Poulamee Chakraborty,&nbsp;Grant Falvo,&nbsp;G. Philip Robertson,&nbsp;Alexandra Kravchenko","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i> L.) is a native North American grass currently considered a high-potential bioenergy feedstock crop. However, previous reports questioned its effectiveness in generating soil organic carbon (SOC) gains, with resultant uncertainty regarding the monoculture switchgrass's impact on the environmental sustainability of bioenergy agriculture. We hypothesize that the inconsistencies in past SOC accrual results might be due, in part, to differences in prior land management among the systems subsequently planted to switchgrass. To test this hypothesis, we measured SOC and other soil properties, root biomass, and switchgrass growth in an experimental site with a 30-year history of contrasting tillage and N-fertilization treatments, 7 years after switchgrass establishment. We determined switchgrass' monthly gross primary production (GPP) for six consecutive years and conducted deep soil sampling. Nitrogen fertilization expectedly stimulated switchgrass growth; however, a tendency for better plant growth was also observed under unfertilized settings in the former no-till soil. In topsoil, SOC significantly increased from 2007 to 2023 in fertilized treatments of both tillage histories, with the greatest increase observed in fertilized no-till. Fertilized no-till also had the highest particulate organic matter content in the topsoil, with no differences among the treatments observed in deeper soil layers. However, regardless of fertilization, the tillage history had a strong effect on stratification with depth of SOC, total N, and microbial biomass C. Results suggested that historic and ongoing N fertilization had a substantial impact on switchgrass growth and soil characteristics, while tillage legacy had a much weaker, but still discernible, effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the Methane Yield From Extensively Managed, Flower-Rich Fen Grassland Based on NIRS Data","authors":"M. Wendt,&nbsp;S. Nandke,&nbsp;P. Scharschmidt,&nbsp;M. Thielicke,&nbsp;J. Ahlborn,&nbsp;M. Heiermann,&nbsp;F. Eulenstein","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In many regions of Europe, biogas production is an integral part of farming to generate methane as a sustainable and versatile renewable energy carrier. Besides providing feedstock for ruminants and energy production, grasslands support multiple beneficial ecosystem services, namely diverse flora and habitats that serve as resources for pollinators. The cost-effective utilization of grassland biomass is mainly determined by the biomass quality, which is highly variable and dependent on the management intensities. Besides chemical analyses, biogas models are usually applied to predict the biogas yield of a specific biomass type and quality. However, available models do not apply to mixed grass stands as they primarily refer to individual grass species and/or are just based on single parameters such as lignin. In this work, we evaluated flower-rich extensive fen grassland for its biogas yield using a newly created model based on common chemical parameters. Therefore, flower-rich biomass from a cultivation experiment (<i>n</i> = 48) was analyzed for its biomass yield (average 9.43 ± 1.26 <i>t</i>_VS × ha⁻¹), chemical composition by wet chemical analysis and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), specific methane yield (SMY) potential via batch tests, and methane hectare yield (1505.62 ± 282.86 m³_N × ha⁻¹). In the results obtained, we found flower-rich grassland biomass characterized by high fiber (30.1% ± 1.7%) and high protein content (11.3% ± 1.3%) with reliable determinability of chemical composition by NIRS. The most important predictors on SMY assessed by multiple linear regression were crude ash (XA), crude protein (XP), amylase neutral detergent fiber (aNDF_vs), acid detergent fiber (ADF_vs), and enzyme-resistant organic matter (EROM). We conclude that extensive flower-rich grassland biomass composed of diverse species and different growth and ripening stages provides a suitable feedstock for biogas production despite late harvest dates. NIRS proved capable of analyzing the biomass quality of flower-rich grassland and thus contributes to optimizing grassland management strategies and provision of demand-driven feedstock qualities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic Digester Installation Significantly Reduces Liquid Manure Management CH4 Emissions at a California Dairy Farm","authors":"Michael V. Rodriguez,&nbsp;Nidia Rojas Robles,&nbsp;Valerie Carranza,&nbsp;Ranga Thiruvenkatachari,&nbsp;Mariana Reyes,&nbsp;Chelsea V. Preble,&nbsp;Joyce Pexton,&nbsp;Deanne Meyer,&nbsp;Ray G. Anderson,&nbsp;Akula Venkatram,&nbsp;Francesca M. Hopkins","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anaerobic digesters are expected to significantly reduce CH₄ emissions from dairy manure management by capturing them for use as biogas. Anaerobic digestion is the current major mitigation strategy for agricultural CH₄ emissions in California's climate policy. However, verification of the effectiveness of anaerobic digesters to reduce CH₄ emissions has not been conducted at scale in California. We made atmospheric measurements from a mobile platform and used dispersion modeling to estimate CH₄ emissions from a liquid manure storage complex at a typical California dairy before and after digester installation across nine field campaigns. The anaerobic digester reduced CH₄ emissions by an average of 82% ± 16%, comparing paired months to predigester values. Prior to the digester, atmospheric CH₄ mole fractions showed a persistent hotspot near the manure settling basin cells of 28.6 ± 8.9 ppm. After the digester, atmospheric CH₄ mole fractions from manure storage were greatly reduced. We observed strong temporal variability across measurement campaigns due to weather, on-farm management practices, and digester operations. Estimated emissions greatly exceeded those based on inventory calculations used by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) but were in line with expected relative emissions reduction from digester installation. Scaling these results to 139 dairies with digester projects statewide suggests that similarly operating digesters would reduce CH₄ emissions by 1.6 ± 0.3 MMT CO₂e (65 ± 12 Gg CH₄), 39% of the emissions reduction goal for livestock manure management set by California law. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of anaerobic digesters to reduce dairy manure management CH₄ emissions in practice, along with the importance of understanding operations and management for interpreting on-farm CH₄ emissions studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface Alterations in Cellulose Synthases Redefine CESA Complex Assembly to Enhance Cellulosic Biomass Production","authors":"Linfang Wei,&nbsp;Huiying Cui,&nbsp;Jiahui Bi,&nbsp;Xili He,&nbsp;Yajun Guan,&nbsp;Yunheng Zhou,&nbsp;Bingcheng Xu,&nbsp;Chuang Ma,&nbsp;Sheng-You Huang,&nbsp;Shaolin Chen","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls and a critical bioeconomy resource, is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). Understanding the assembly and function of CSCs, driven by cellulose synthase (CESA) proteins, is essential for enhancing biomass and tailoring cellulose properties for various applications. This study integrates evolutionary analysis, structural modeling, and functional data to elucidate the sequence-structure–function relationships of CESAs. We analyzed key interface residues within plant-conserved regions, transmembrane helices, and zinc-finger domains, revealing functional specialization through variations among duplicated CESAs, subfamilies, and plant groups. Our findings indicate that CESA gene duplication and interface residue divergence, coupled with tissue-specific and environment-dependent expression and post-translational modifications, drive CSC diversification. These alterations in CESAs may redefine CSC assembly. Heterologous expression of an evolutionarily distant CESA, such as <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> secondary wall CESA8 in Arabidopsis, may favor the formation of exogenous homomeric CSCs, leading to increased cellulose synthesis and enhanced plant growth. This increase in cellulose synthesis is associated with pectin demethylation, a process known to promote plant cell expansion. Based on these findings and previous studies, we propose a working model for enhanced biomass production. In this model, interface alterations in CESAs redefine CSC assembly, allowing overexpressed CESAs to form homomeric complexes that enhance cellulosic biomass production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The H/C Molar Ratio and Its Potential Pitfalls for Determining Biochar's Permanence","authors":"Henrik I. Petersen,&nbsp;Hamed Sanei","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar carbon removal (BCR) is widely recognized as a globally feasible technique for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere and storing carbon in a stable form within the environment. The hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) molar ratio serves as the primary proxy for classifying biochar into different quality categories and is a key parameter in decay models used to estimate its long-term stability. In the context of climate credit systems that rely on biochar for carbon sequestration, an accurate assessment of biochar's carbon pools and permanence is crucial. The results of this study confirm that the H/C molar ratio is a robust bulk geochemical proxy for biochar carbonization. However, its use as a standalone benchmark for biochar permanence should be approached with caution. To ensure a more comprehensive assessment, the H/C molar ratio should be combined with the random reflectance (R_o) method, which provides spatially resolved insights into the degree of carbonization within a biochar sample. Relying exclusively on a single bulk H/C molar ratio may, in some cases, lead to inaccurate determinations of biochar's carbon storage security. Such limitations could undermine the credibility of climate credit systems that depend on biochar for permanent carbon dioxide removal. Therefore, integrating both H/C ratio and R_o analysis is essential for accurately evaluating biochar stability and its long-term carbon sequestration potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Diversified Indian Mustard Production System for Energy-Carbon-Cum-Heat Use Efficiency and Sowing Dates Assessment","authors":"Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Ram Swaroop Meena,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar,&nbsp;Gourisankar Pradhan,&nbsp;Chetan Kumar Jangir,&nbsp;Shambhunath Ghosh,&nbsp;Himani Punia,&nbsp;Parvender Sheoran,&nbsp;Ramawatar Meena,&nbsp;Md. Afjal Ahmad,&nbsp;Suneel Kumar Goyal,&nbsp;Nazih Y. Rebouh","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70044","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The rice (&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.)–wheat (&lt;i&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/i&gt; L.) cropping system faces major challenges such as stagnant yields, high input and energy demands, and increasing soil and air pollution. Indian mustard (&lt;i&gt;Brassica juncea&lt;/i&gt; L.) is a promising crop for diversification within rice-based ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and nutrient sources on energy budgeting in diversified Indian mustard and to assess the impact of these nutrient sources on heat-cum-carbon efficiency. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design (SPD) with three sowing dates—November 17, November 27, and December 07—in the main plots, and eight nutrient sources in the subplots, where the recommended dose of fertilizer was 100 N:50 P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;:50 K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O:40 S kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. The results, based on pooled data, indicated that among the sowing dates, November 17 recorded the highest values for several key metrics. These include energy use efficiency (EUE: 3.46, 5.12, and 12.16), energy production (EP: 0.152, 0.41, and 0.56 kg MJ&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), net energy (NE: 29,712, 50,483, and 92,558 MJ ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), energy profitability (EPr: 2.46, 2.88, and 6.34), human energy profitability (HEP: 364.82, 412.60, and 777.42), energy output efficiency (EOE: 364.69, 412.49, and 777.18 MJ d&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), carbon output (CO: 815, 2215, and 3030 kg CE ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), carbon efficiency (CE: 2.07, 5.59, and 7.66), and carbon sustainability index (CSI: 1.07, 4.59, and 6.66) for seed, stover, and biological yield, respectively, compared to the crops sown on November 27 and December 07. The study also revealed significant increases in heat use efficiency (HUE) on dry matter at 45 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) and on seed, stover, and biological yield (13.3, 8.46, 1.52, 4.16, and 5.69 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;°C days, respectively). In the subplots, the highest EUE (3.92, 5.10, and 12.1), EP (0.172, 0.408, and 0.58 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), and EPr (2.92, 2.86, and 6.78) for seed, stover, and biological yield were observed in the control treatment, outperforming the other nutrient sources on a pooled basis. The highest SE production (8.59, 3.48, and 2.47 MJ kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) for seed, stover, and biological yield was recorded with the application of 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) combined with &lt;i&gt;Azotobacter&lt;/i&gt; and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Furthermore, the highest NE (35,427, 52,203, and 102,370 MJ ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), HEP (434.02, 438.67, and 872.68), EOE (448.37, 452.68, and 901.04 MJ d&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), CO (972, 2359, and 3331 kg CE ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), CE (2.48, 6.01, and 8.48), CSI (1.48, 5.01, and 7.48), and HUE (1.67, 4.12, and 5.81 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;°C days) for seed, stover, and biological yield were observed with the application of 75% RDF + 25% nitrogen from pressmud, combined with &lt;i&gt;Azotobacter&lt;/i&gt; and PSB. This study provides a novel framework for optimizing s","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}