European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Investigations on dowel-bearing strength of bamboo scrimber under different temperature conditions","authors":"Xiaohan Li,&nbsp;Yang Wei,&nbsp;Zhiyi Yuan,&nbsp;Silu Huang,&nbsp;Yi Ding,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02445-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02445-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bamboo scrimber has strong potential as a dowel-bearing material, and studying its temperature-dependent connection behavior is crucial for advancing joint design under cold-region and fire conditions. Fifty dowel-bearing specimens (five per temperature) were tested in uniaxial compression across ten temperature levels from − 20 °C to 250 °C. The microstructural analyses were conducted to examine how temperature affects mechanical properties. Results show that taking − 10 °C as the reference temperature at which the maximum dowel-bearing strength is observed, the dowel-bearing strength and initial stiffness decrease progressively by approximately 73% and 70% as temperature increases to 250 °C. During this decline, an inflection appears in the dowel-bearing strength–temperature curve at around 100 °C, which is attributed to the evaporation of bound moisture and the onset of hemicellulose/lignin glass transition, as observed by microstructural tests. Beyond the inflection, the failure mode shifts with increasing temperature from brittle splitting to plastic crushing accompanied by hole-wall collapse. Based on the experimental data, a tri-linear temperature reduction factor model was established to describe dowel-bearing strength evolution over − 20 °C to 250 °C. The predicted values show reasonable agreement with the experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bonding-slip performance of bamboo scrimber components with embedded steel plates","authors":"Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Jianfeng Deng,&nbsp;Xiong Xie,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhao,&nbsp;Zhen Xu,&nbsp;Junhan Jiang,&nbsp;Nan Guo,&nbsp;Shan Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02442-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02442-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the bonding-slip performance of embedded steel plates bamboo scrimber components. A total of 18 specimens were tested under axial tension across six different conditions. The failure phenomena were categorized into two types: direct pull-out failure and pull-out failure of the steel plates after the bamboo scrimber cracks, the latter exclusively occurred in the width direction and was observed in the group of specimens with the shortest anchorage length and the thickest steel plates. This was because this specimen group suffered the most significant weakening of the bonding strength of the bamboo scrimber fibers. The load-slip relationship curve in the test mainly went through the ascending stage, rapid falling stage, secondary ascending stage, and slip falling stage. For specimens with the same steel plates thickness, increasing the anchorage length from 200 mm to 300 mm, the anchorage failure load increased by 3.5%~8.9%, the initial stiffness increased by 11.35%~73.8%. For specimens with the same anchorage length, increasing the steel plates thickness from 2 mm to 4 mm and 6 mm, the anchorage failure load increased by 31.7%~71.1%, the initial stiffness increased by 4.3%~69.6%. Finally, based on existing bonding-slip models, through depth analysis of the bonding interface mechanism, a four stage bonding-slip relationship model applicable to embedded steel plates bamboo scrimber was proposed. The verification results indicated that the bonding-slip model proposed in this paper fits experimental data well and can provide reference for subsequent research and engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminating tropical timber species using absorbance spectra and machine learning","authors":"Juan C. Valverde,&nbsp;Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar,&nbsp;Nelson Zamora-Villalobos,&nbsp;Marvin Castillo-Ugalde,&nbsp;Geovanny Figueroa-Mata,&nbsp;Arnoldo Ramirez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02456-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02456-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable and rapid identification of tropical timber is essential for protecting threatened species, deterring illegal logging, and strengthening supply-chain control. This study evaluated four supervised classification models for fifteen commercially and conservation-relevant tropical timber species from Costa Rica. Absorbance spectra from 400 to 2500 nm were measured on wood surfaces and preprocessed using standard normal variate transformation. The resulting data were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), <i>k</i>-nearest neighbors (<i>k</i>-NN), piecewise linear support vector machines (PL-SVM), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) under a common analytical framework. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Cohen’s kappa, together with confusion matrices and species-specific discriminant band analysis. LDA showed the best overall performance, with all evaluation metrics above 0.90. Misclassifications were infrequent and occurred mainly among congeneric species, whereas several species were classified without error. Most discriminant bands were in the SWIR region, especially around 1810–2020 nm and 2100–2350 nm, with additional contributions from 1420 to 1530 nm and selected NIR regions around 1100–1330 nm. Stability and composite score values indicated that these bands were repeatedly selected across bootstrap resampling. These findings indicate that linear decision boundaries are sufficient for reliable species-level discrimination in this spectral space and identify stable wavelength ranges with potential for the development of reduced-band sensors. Integrating spectral and machine-learning approaches into checkpoint screening, forensic verification, and timber-governance systems may support efforts to strengthen legal and sustainable timber trade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of ultraviolet shielding materials in the field of wood protection: a review","authors":"Ruihan Xie,&nbsp;Dong Xing","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02455-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02455-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a renewable resource, wood is widely used in construction, decoration and other fields, but its long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is easy to cause photodegradation, resulting in color deterioration, mechanical properties decline and surface fiber damage. This paper systematically reviews the latest progress in the field of UV protection of wood from 2015 to 2025, focusing on the development of full-band UV shielding materials with natural biological macromolecules as the core. Through hydrothermal synthesis, sol–gel method, chemical/electrochemical deposition and other processes, the morphology and interface characteristics of inorganic materials (such as ZnO, TiO₂, CeO₂, graphene) and bio-based materials (nanocellulose, chitosan, lignin) can be accurately regulated to improve the UV shielding efficiency. In addition, UV shielding agent can endow wood with hydrophobicity, mechanical enhancement and antibacterial properties, which can meet the needs of historical building protection, intelligent packaging, automobile lightweight and other fields. Future research needs to break through the bottleneck of nanoparticle stability, environmental safety and large-scale preparation, promote the development of bionic dynamic response materials and green processes, and provide theoretical support for sustainable wood protection technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards standards-aligned round-timber grading: validation of a semantic segmentation dataset","authors":"Lukas Bednar,&nbsp;Filip Hendrichovsky,&nbsp;Alice Motschi,&nbsp;Daniel Soukup,&nbsp;Pauline Meyer-Heye","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02443-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02443-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manual grading of round timber is time-consuming and inconsistent, while many automated systems still output opaque quality labels that are difficult to verify against European standards. We present and validate a <i>standards-aligned semantic segmentation dataset</i> of spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) logs designed to support transparent, rule-based grading. Using close-range photogrammetry, we recorded 1,875 logs and rendered three orthorectified images per log (two end faces, one mantle), yielding 5,625 images. Fourteen grading-relevant features, defined from EN 844 terminology and EN 1309-3 measurement rules, were annotated by multiple certified graders in a consensus workflow that produces per-pixel confidence. The dataset comprises 17,584 masks with 96,964 connected components and a mean area-weighted pixel-confidence of 91.4%. Reliability (test–retest and split-half), train–test similarity, and distributional realism were quantified from masks alone. Object counts are well described by zero-truncated Conway–Maxwell–Poisson laws, linear sizes by shifted log-normal distributions and shape as well as fractional-area measures by skew exponential power models. Median Kolmogorov–Smirnov and normalized Earth Mover’s Distance values indicate temporal stability and only modest train–test drift. Because mask geometry follows EN 1309-3 clauses, segmentation outputs map directly to EN 1927-1 decision expressions, enabling transparent acceptance checks. The dataset and analyses support explainable, standards-aligned automation of round timber grading and provide a reproducible basis for benchmarking semantic segmentation models in wood quality inspection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02443-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of moisture content, surface preparation and lamellae orientation on Mode II strain energy release rate of polyurethane-bonded beech wood","authors":"Martin Capuder,&nbsp;Boris Azinović,&nbsp;Miran Merhar,&nbsp;Aleš Straže","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02447-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02447-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the Mode II fracture behavior of adhesive joints in hardwood species is essential for reliable structural design in timber engineering. This study investigates the shear fracture energy (G_II) of polyurethane (PUR)-bonded European beech wood (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) under two different moisture contents. Three-point bending end-notched flexure (3ENF) tests were conducted on bonded specimens conditioned at 12% and 18% moisture content (MC), with three types of bonding surface preparation: planed, planed + sanded, planed + primer prior to bonding. Crack initiation and propagation were monitored using 3D digital image correlation (DIC) and fracture energy was calculated using the compliance-based beam method (CBBM). The results reveal a clear influence of both moisture content and surface treatment on Mode II fracture behavior. Higher moisture content consistently reduced G_c and stress values, while specimens with different lamellae orientations achieved the highest stresses before adhesive joint failure occurred. Different bond failures and their influence on fracture behavior are also discussed. The critical Mode II strain energy release rate, G_IIc, was defined at the maximum applied load corresponding to the onset of unstable crack propagation, as confirmed by synchronized DIC measurements. The findings contribute to an improved understanding of shear behavior in PUR-bonded hardwood joints and offer valuable input for cohesive zone modelling and structural performance prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02447-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawal behaviour of self-tapping timber screws under cyclic loads","authors":"Moritz Tronnier,&nbsp;Mike Sieder","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02444-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02444-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the quasistatic behaviour of self-tapping timber screws has been extensively studied, their fatigue behaviour is still not well understood. Consequently, no design rules are available. In this study, 170 quasistatic and 213 cyclic withdrawal tests were conducted to investigate the fatigue behaviour of three screw types at two angles-to-grain (<span>(alpha = 90^circ , 45^circ )</span>) and two effective penetration lengths (<span>(l_{ef} = 10d, 15d)</span>). Most tests were carried out in CLT. The withdrawal results are compared with the tensile fatigue behaviour of the screws and with findings from previous studies. Considerable scatter was observed in the test data, but could be reduced by accounting for the influence of the specimen density. The fatigue behaviour relative to the short-term withdrawal strength does not differ significantly between the investigated screw types. Withdrawal failure is the dominant failure mode up to <span>(N = 10^5)</span> cycles at high stress levels relative to the short-term strength. At lower stress levels, and thus higher cycle counts, steel tensile failure becomes the critical failure mode. For design purposes, it is recommended to limit the stress level to <span>(S = 0.7)</span> to ensure failure occurs in steel tension, which is more predictable due to lower scatter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02444-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of commercial fire retardants on the performance of particleboards bonded with pMDI","authors":"Jakub Kawalerczyk,&nbsp;Maciej Hoffmann,&nbsp;Dorota Dukarska,&nbsp;Andrea Majlingová,&nbsp;Mateusz Barczewski,&nbsp;Radosław Mirski","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02446-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02446-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the increasing fire safety requirements for wood-based materials and the limited knowledge on the bonding of impregnated particles with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), this study evaluated the performance of particleboards produced from fire retardant-treated wood particles bonded with different pMDI contents (2 and 4%). Wood particles were impregnated with four commercial fire retardants. No significant differences in weight% gain were observed between fire retardant types, indicating comparable uptake under the applied conditions. Although impregnated particles exhibited reduced thermal stability at lower temperatures, fire retardants markedly enhanced thermal performance at medium and high temperatures. Impregnation increased particle bulk density, which resulted in a lower mat compression ratio, while the average board density remained close to the target value and was not significantly influenced by treatment or gluing degree. Impregnation negatively affected flexural strength and internal bond, both under dry conditions and after boiling, with the extent depending on the fire retardant type. Increasing the gluing degree improved mechanical performance and partially compensated for the adverse effects of impregnation. Water absorption decreased in impregnated boards, while thickness swelling increased only in variants with the lowest internal bond. Fire resistance assessed by mass loss measurements was substantially improved, particularly in boards treated with Fire Stop and Deimos. The Fire Stop variant bonded with 4% pMDI showed the most favorable balance between physico-mechanical performance and fire protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02446-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanical model for predicting residual bolt axial force in bolted timber joints under elastic interaction","authors":"Masaki Teranishi,&nbsp;Doppo Matsubara","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02450-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02450-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In multi-bolted timber joints, elastic interaction during the tightening process of bolts can cause axial force reduction in previously fastened bolts. While Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can effectively predict this phenomenon, its high computational cost presents a challenge for practical design applications involving numerous parameters. This study proposes a new, high-precision, and computationally efficient mechanical model to evaluate the reduction of bolt axial force. The proposed model improves conventional methods in two primary ways. First, it introduces a new embedment displacement function, expressed in a polar coordinate system, to accurately capture the unique anisotropic embedment behavior of timber. Second, it incorporates the transition mechanism from partial to full compression under the washer, which significantly enhances prediction accuracy, particularly for closely spaced bolts. A method was established to systematically identify the constants required for the proposed model using a single-bolt FEA. The validity of the proposed model was investigated by comparing its predictions with FEA results for 2-bolt and 8-bolt joint configurations, demonstrating excellent agreement with maximum relative errors of 8.4% and 11.1%, respectively. These results confirm that the proposed model can serve as a reliable design tool for predicting residual axial force in complex bolted timber joints and for determining optimal tightening sequences, eliminating the need for case-by-case FEA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of non-destructive tools for measuring MOE of southern pine trees","authors":"Chandan Kumar,&nbsp;Vilius Gendvilas,&nbsp;Henri Bailleres,&nbsp;Ian Last,&nbsp;Dominic Kain,&nbsp;Geoffrey M. Downes,&nbsp;David J. Lee","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02426-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02426-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies increasingly used to assess log stiffness and support sorting, segregation and processing decisions. However, comprehensive comparative evaluations of various NDE tools across the wood value chain remain limited. Therefore, this study compared several NDE methods for estimating modulus of elasticity (MOE) in southern pine grown in Queensland, Australia, at three processing stages: standing trees pre-harvest, felled logs post-harvest, and boards produced from those logs. Standing trees measurement included ultrasound MOE assessment on increment cores (USMOE) and Director ST300 (ST300_MOE) and IML-Resi PD-400 resistance drilling (Resi_MOE). Felled log measurements were obtained using Beam Identification by Non-destructive Grading (BING_MOE) and the resonance acoustic tool Hitman HM200 (HM200_MOE). These measurements were then related to log MOE, log density, and the average MOE and modulus of rupture of boards cut from the same trees. Finally, log stiffness measurement tools were compared in terms of deployability, efficiency, and predictive power. NDE tools applied to standing trees pre-harvest generally exhibited lower predictive power in estimating log and board MOE than tools applied to felled logs. For log MOE, HM200_MOE showed the strongest relationship with BING_MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=)</span>0.78) followed by USMOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.67)</span>), ST300_MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.61)</span>), and Resi_MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.57)</span>). BING_MOE explained the highest variability in the average board MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.84)</span>), followed by USMOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.71)</span>), HM200_MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.69)</span>), ST300_MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.64)</span>), and Resi_MOE (<span>({R}^{2}=0.43)</span>). These results highlight a clear trade-off between predictive performance and operational practicality. BING and HM200 provided better accuracy and precision, but unsuitable for standing tree assessment. Among the standing trees methods, USMOE provided best balance between precision and accuracy and potential field use but are slower and more expensive. ST300 and Resi were faster and more practical for pre-harvest sorting their lower predictive performance underscores the need for improved calibration or modelling. Overall, tool selection depends on the required balance between predictive performance, operational efficiency, sampling requirement and cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02426-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}