European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Identification and localization of veneer knot defects based on parallel structure fusion approach","authors":"Lihui Zhong,&nbsp;Zhengquan Dai,&nbsp;Zhuobin Zhang,&nbsp;Yongke Sun,&nbsp;Yong Cao,&nbsp;Leiguang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02086-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02086-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Veneer knots are the main indicator of plywood quality. Existing veneer knot identification algorithms have a high identification accuracy rate of over 90%. However, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model is complex and requires laborious data labeling. The localization algorithm produces veneer knot bounding boxes, except for the Mask Region-based CNN (Mask R-CNN) model, which is not accurate and has error transmission. Additionally, the calculation of defect size (area and diameter) has not been addressed. This paper proposes a parallel structured fusion algorithm. One branch employs a classical simple CNN, specifically the Inception V3 network, to identify veneer knot defects. The other branch proposes an improved K-means clustering algorithm to localize veneer knot defects. After identification and localization are achieved, the actual area of the defect is calculated. The proposed method for identifying veneer knot defects has an accuracy rate of 99.61%. The size accuracy localization rate is 94%, with an under-sized localization rate of 2%, an over-sized localization rate of 3%, and the knot localization error rate is 1%. Additionally, the algorithm also calculates the area and diameter of the knot, with a mean absolute error of the diameter of 3.23 mm. This paper presents an algorithm with low complexity, fast speed, high accuracy, and no error transmission, making it suitable for identifying and localizing other defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 5","pages":"1301 - 1317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the TOPSIS decision-making method for selecting a manufacturing technique for children’s furniture elements with therapeutic functions","authors":"Grzegorz Struzikiewicz,&nbsp;Marek Misiniec,&nbsp;Kinga Misiniec,&nbsp;Anna Myrda","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02082-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02082-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Making furniture or furniture elements that account for the needs of children at various stages of development or with psychomotor dysfunctions is very difficult. From the point of view of exploitation and production technology, it is difficult to select a specific material and manufacturing technique. In this article, the results of using the APEKS method, which is a type of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, are presented to select the best solution for the production of children’s furniture elements with surface structures similar to those of natural materials. Wood bark was selected as a material that, due to the sensory tactile sensations of dysfunctional children, could contribute to therapy and education. Comparative analysis was performed on the basis of the subtractive and additive methods used for manufacturing furniture products. Precise multiaxis milling of ash wood and 3D printing with fused filament fabrication technology using wood PLA filaments were carried out. The method used to select the best option considered quantitative and qualitative criteria in the assessment. Various parameters characterizing the surfaces were analyzed, such as geometric dimensions, hill heights, valley depths, and 3D surface parameters. The quality and surface roughness (Sa, Sz, Ssk, Sku, Sp, and Sv) parameters obtained based on 3D microscope measurements were determined. A scale of 1 to 10 was used to assess qualitative factors (i.e., usability and aesthetics). Based on the critical values obtained from the coefficient <i>K</i>_<i>cri</i> = 79.36, it was assumed that multiaxis wood milling was the best method for producing furniture elements with the required surface characteristics for use as therapeutic and educational tools for children with dysfunctions. The applied method allowed an effective evaluation of the compared variants of the production of furniture elements for customized applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"1251 - 1262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02082-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the fire resistance properties of thermally modified Robinia pseudoacacia wood with natural and synthetic flame retardants: chemical characterisation and fire behaviour","authors":"Salvio Marino,&nbsp;Milan Gaff,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Sethy,&nbsp;Gourav Kamboj,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rezaei,&nbsp;František Kačík,&nbsp;S. Behnam Hosseini,&nbsp;Haitao Li,&nbsp;David Hui","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02079-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02079-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing demand for wood with enhanced flame retardant characteristics in construction applications necessitates strategic interventions. This study explores the fire behaviour and chemical characterisation of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> wood subjected to thermal modification and flame retardant treatments. Thermal modification was carried out at three different temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C and 240 °C). The fire properties of wood coated with Flame Gard (F), a commercial flame retardant, arabinogalactan (A), a natural flame retardant, melamine adhesive (MF) with ammonium polyphosphate (AP), nanosilica (NS), nanoclay (NC) (MF-AP-NS and MF-AP-NC) and arabinogalactan with AP, NS and NC (A-AP-NS and A-AP-NC), were assessed using cone calorimetry in terms of the weight loss rate, ignition time and heat release rate. The commercial flame retardant Flame Gard outperformed the natural and fortified flame retardants in terms of the weight loss rate, heat release rate (HRR) and ignition time (t_ig). Unmodified samples exhibited superior fire properties in terms of t_ig and HRR compared to thermally modified samples. The peak heat release rate (kW.m^− 2) and time to peak heat release rate (s) showed a moderate degree of dependency on the chemical constituents of the wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"1145 - 1157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02079-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and structural optimization of mid-rise light-frame timber buildings for different climates and seismic zones in Chile","authors":"Alexander Wenzel,&nbsp;Sergio Vera,&nbsp;Pablo Guindos","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02085-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02085-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Location determines not only the climatic condition but also the structural loads that the structure must withstand. Given the broad variety of climatic and seismic requirements of Chile, the design of lightweight timber buildings considering both energy and seismic design parameters and boundary conditions becomes a difficult task. The main objective of this research is to analyze and quantify the effect of climates, seismic loads, lateral anchorage, and story number on the optimal energy design solutions, including the seismic behavior in a light-frame timber building. Furthermore, the optimal design was parametrically analyzed considering five Chilean cities that consider different climates, seismic zone, number of stories, and lateral anchorage systems to prevent rocking (overturning) due to lateral seismic forces. The optimal wall insulation thickness, stud spacing, and thermal mass exhibited significant variations depending on the buildings' number of stories, lateral anchorage system, climate, and seismic zone. Therefore, the results of this investigation reinforce the necessity of integrating energy and seismic designs for light-frame timber buildings. The optimal designs obtained in this investigation showed considerable variations depending on the combination of climatic and seismic loads as well as the number of stories and anchoring systems. The article's main contributions are the evidence of the structural and energy design interconnection of light-frame timber buildings and how design variables, such as stud spacing, floor concrete thickness layer, and wall insulation thickness, are related and change according to the different climates, seismic loads, lateral anchorage, and story number.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"967 - 982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02085-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment at mild temperatures on the composition and physico-chemical properties of Scots pine resin","authors":"Errj Sansonetti,&nbsp;Dace Cirule,&nbsp;Edgars Kuka,&nbsp;Ingeborga Andersone,&nbsp;Bruno Andersons,&nbsp;Kristine Meile,&nbsp;Laima Vevere","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02087-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02087-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A major function of resin in trees is to provide defense against external attacks by releasing the resin flow in the attacked or damaged area. Nonetheless, leakage of resin on the surface can have negative aesthetic and economic impacts on wood materials. The aim of this study was to investigate how heat treatment affects the physico-chemical properties of the resin of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. to hinder exudation on wood surfaces during service. To reduce the fluidity of the resin, it is necessary to remove the volatile fraction of resin, and several studies have been carried out in this direction, providing useful information about this process. The results from thermal analyses (DSC, TGA) confirmed that heat treatment at mild temperatures, 80 °C, 90 °C and 100 °C had a positive effect on increasing the glass transition temperature <i>T</i>_<i>g</i> and that the <i>T</i>_<i>g</i> and the residual volatile content were strongly correlated. FTIR spectroscopy, before and after heat treatment, did not reveal major changes in chemical structure, while UHPLC-DAD-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the ratios of compounds, which are the result of possible chemical reactions, such as dehydrogenation, oxidation and isomerization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 5","pages":"1293 - 1300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02087-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Study on vibration performance and comfort of glulam beam and deck floor","authors":"Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Changqing Miao,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Zhaodong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02084-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02084-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"1081 - 1081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142413974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local stability of glued laminated bamboo columns with box sections under axial compression","authors":"Yi Su,&nbsp;Jun Zou","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02066-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02066-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laminated bamboo columns with box sections are favored by designers because they overcome the disadvantage of small elastic modulus, but local buckling behavior caused by an excessive width-to-thickness ratio will lead to a non-uniform distribution of stress. The discontinuous cracks at the glued joints and waveform deformation indicate that the local buckling has a significant effect on the bearing capacity of columns with box sections. However, few studies have been reported on the evaluation of bearing capacity considering local stability due to non-uniformity and discontinuity. The experiments on 5 glued laminated bamboo columns with box sections (GLBCs) with different length-to-width ratios under axial compression were carried out. The test results showed that the waveform bulging failure occurred on the surface of GLBCs before the overall buckling, and an obvious debonding failure occurred between the bamboo plates. These failures aggravated the local buckling failure. As the length-to-width ratio increased, the number of waveforms buckling increased, the lower the bearing capacity. To evaluate the local stability of GLBCs accurately, a new anisotropic plate model considering the width correction coefficient and material anisotropy for the critical buckling load of GLBC was proposed. Furthermore, it can be found that an appropriate width-to-thickness ratio can effectively avoid local buckling failure. A formula for the critical width-to-thickness ratio of GLBCs under different slenderness ratios was proposed. In this paper, the anisotropic plate model proposed can accurately evaluate the bearing capacity considering the local stability of GLBCs under axial compression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"1171 - 1185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of bentonite-based organo-geopolymer hybrid wood binder","authors":"Oktay Gonultas","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02078-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02078-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study addresses concerns associated with formaldehyde-based adhesives in wood panel board production by proposing geopolymer-based wood binders as promising, formaldehyde-free alternatives. Using bentonite, the research delves into the development and performance properties of this geopolymer wood binder. The BET method was employed for the surface characterization of precursor raw materials for binder preparation. Si and Al elements identified through XRF analysis were correlated with characteristic bands in the FTIR spectrum. Alkaline activation solutions, employing sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide with a molar ratio range of 0.5 to 2.5 (SiO₂:Na₂O), revealed that binders with a molar ratio of 2.5 exhibited lower pH and higher adhesion strength. Different geopolymer formulations at solution to powder ratios (s/p) of 1.33, 3, and 3.5 determined s/p 3.5 as optimal for bentonite-based organo-geopolymer binders. Viscosity, gel time, pH, and solids content were examined, showing the effectiveness of substituting 10% silica fume to enhance the geopolymerization process and improve adhesion. Modifications using citric acid, sucrose, paraffin, pMDI, triacetin, and resorcinol demonstrated wet bonding strength comparable to urea formaldehyde adhesive. Analytical techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and SEM EDX analysis, provided insights into functional groups, crystallographic properties, and microstructural characteristics. The concentration of Si and Al compounds on the bonding line, coupled with Na element diffusion, was observed through these analyses. Light microscopy of lap shear samples revealed a thinner bonding line, affirming effective binder penetration into wood cell lumens in bentonite-based organo-geopolymer binder formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"983 - 996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02078-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of DTPA against Hylotrupes bajulus L. infestations by targeting metal ion incorporation in larval mandibles","authors":"Roberto D. Martínez,&nbsp;Milagros Casado,&nbsp;Luis-Alfonso Basterra","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02081-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02081-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The house longhorn beetle, <i>Hylotrupes bajulus</i> L., is a recognized wood pest with larvae capable of infesting and damaging various wood species. The larvae’s wood-cutting capability is attributed to the metal-reinforced chitin in their mandibles, which provides enhanced mechanical strength. This reinforcement is due to the presence of metal ions such as zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) bound to the chitin structure. The present study investigates the potential of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a chelating agent, to sequester these crucial metal ions thereby affecting the larvae’s feeding capability. Wood samples treated with varying doses of DTPA showed significant larval mortality, with a 100% rate at a dose of 6 g/l. Electron microscopic analyses of deceased larvae revealed an absence of Zn in their mandibles, suggesting that DTPA effectively reduces its bioavailability, hindering mandible strengthening. The toxicity profile of DTPA is lower compared to many traditional wood treatments, indicating a potential for reduced environmental impact. However, the full spectrum of DTPA’s preservation capabilities and its interactions with other organisms require further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"1111 - 1118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02081-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of randomly oriented strand boards manufactured from juvenile wood of underutilized wood species","authors":"Tomáš Pipíška,&nbsp;Marek Nociar,&nbsp;Pavel Král,&nbsp;Jozef Ráheľ,&nbsp;Pavlo Bekhta,&nbsp;Roman Réh,&nbsp;Ľuboš Krišťák,&nbsp;Miroslav Jopek,&nbsp;Barbora Pijáková,&nbsp;Rupert Wimmer,&nbsp;Milan Šernek","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02080-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02080-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The wood-based panel industry in Europe, which is dominated by the use of Norway spruce, will face new challenges due to environmental changes and the bark-beetle calamity, which started a new era of forestry. To explore the possibility of replacing spruce with other wood species, juvenile wood of nine underutilized wood species (Scots pine, European larch, poplar, willow, alder, birch, European beech, English oak and hornbeam) were used to make randomly oriented strand boards (OSBs). Single-layer OSBs were produced with 3% pMDI resin and 0.5% wax. Standard physical and mechanical properties were measured. The bending strength (MOR) values showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the values for, on the one hand, spruce (34.6 MPa) and, on the other, larch (25.9 MPa), poplar (25.2 MPa), willow (27.8 MPa), alder (34.3 MPa) or birch (27.1 MPa). A similar trend was found for the boards modulus of elasticity (MOE). The highest MOE values of 5,185 MPa and 4,472 MPa were found for spruce and alder, respectively. There was no significant difference between spruce and other wood species in internal bond strength. Boards made from high-density wood species showed better physical performance, whereas those made from low-density wood species (except pine) gave better mechanical properties. Strand-generalized characteristics, such as the slenderness ratio and specific surface, were analyzed for all investigated physical and mechanical properties. European larch, poplar, willow, and alder are potential wood species for manufacturing OSBs in future without mixing species, as they can replace spruce in the wood-based panel industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 4","pages":"927 - 941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02080-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}