European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Potential of mixed hardwood forest residues from Northeastern United States for the production of different biobased products","authors":"Sushant Gawali,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Ankita Juneja","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02424-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02424-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growing demand for hardwood in the United States for different commercial purposes, is generating large amounts of forest wood residue biomass. These hardwood residues offer a largely untapped feedstock for sustainable biomanufacturing, currently underutilized or burned for low-value energy. Forest residue biomass (FRB) contains carbohydrates that can be converted to fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose) for the production high-value bioproducts, improving wood processing economics and supporting the circular bioeconomy. However, the inherent variation in biomass composition across hardwood species can directly affect sugar recovery, fermentation efficiency, and overall bioproduct yield. This study evaluates the effects of variability among individual hardwood species (Ash, Cherry, and Maple), and their mixtures, on sugar yields, thereby on possible fermentative applications, offering insights for more reliable, feedstock-flexible biorefineries. Hardwood residues (FRB) showed notable variation in raw composition, with glucan ranging from 32.8 to 36.7%, xylan from 28.6 to 32.5%, and extractives from 8.0 to 10.9% across the species. Hydrothermal pretreatment followed by mechanical refining significantly increased the glucan content (5.4–9.6%), thereby enhancing substrate availability for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared with individual feedstocks, mixed FRB showed similar overall composition and hydrolysis efficiencies, highlighting its inclusivity and availability for valorization and utilization throughout the year. Moreover, considering experimental results and data from previous literature, this study determines the theoretical production potential of different types of biofuels and biochemicals from FRB. This study demonstrates a sustainable approach for the complete utilization of forest residues, proposing ways to generate additional revenue and promote circular bioeconomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occurrence and influence on durability of wood-decaying and blue staining fungi in bark-beetle infested Norway spruce wood","authors":"Jan-Frederik Trautwein,&nbsp;Lucy Martin,&nbsp;Holger Militz,&nbsp;Christian Brischke","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02418-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02418-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outbreaks of bark beetles in recent years often leave large volumes of dead Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> L.) standing in the forest up to several years before harvest. This study evaluated how standing storage duration (0–4 years) in two German regions (Sauerland and Harz) influenced the development of rot and blue stain, water absorption and durability. The assessment for percentage coverage of fungi on dead trees showed increasing rot with prolonged standing storage, particularly in the uppermost and lowermost stem sections, whereas blue stain coverage did not increase over time. Microscopy did not indicate the occurrence of blue stain fungi to be correlated with the presence of basidiomycete wood-decay fungi, although some blue stained spruce specimens exhibited higher capillary water uptake (CWU) than non-stained wood, which could theoretically improve water availability for decay fungi. However, no significant difference was detected between the CWU of blue stained and non-blue stained groups overall. Durability and decay rate did not differ among trees of investigated standing stored durations in a durability test following EN 113-2 (2021). These results indicated that the blue staining of Norway spruce wood, while affecting water absorption, did not independently elevate the risk of basidiomycete decay. However, the longer the standing storage, the more likely for increased opportunities for mechanical damage, moisture ingress, and subsequent decay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02418-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticle on wood aging resistance behavior in different environments","authors":"Ziyuan You,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Zengcheng He,&nbsp;Zhe Qiu,&nbsp;Zefang Xiao,&nbsp;Fanjun Yu,&nbsp;Tianpeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yanjun Xie","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02414-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02414-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Titanium dioxide has been used as an efficient UV-reflecting agent in wood photodegradation resistance treatment due to its UV shielding effect, but the influence of its photocatalytic performance on the aging behavior of wood was still neglected. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential and mechanism of anatase and rutile titanium dioxide (A-TiO₂ and R-TiO₂) in enhancing the weathering resistance of poplar. The weathering resistance of untreated poplar veneer (P), anatase titanium dioxide-modified poplar veneer (AP) and rutile titanium dioxide-modified poplar veneer (RP) was systematically evaluated by using accelerated weathering test methods. AP and RP exhibited excellent dimensional retention and color stability under UV radiation, relying on their UV shielding. However, it is interesting to note that RP still showed a relative weathering advantage under the simultaneous presence of UV &amp; water weathering, while AP exhibited a paradoxical accelerated aging phenomenon. The A-TiO₂ was proven to accelerate the degradation of lignin, resulting in destruction of the β-O-4-Linked structures characterized by 2D-NMR, which can be attributed to its photocatalytic properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of steaming treatment on the technological properties of olive wood","authors":"Salvatore Francesco Papandrea,&nbsp;Antonio Zumbo,&nbsp;Angelo Mammoliti,&nbsp;Nicola Moretti,&nbsp;Luigi Todaro,&nbsp;Andrea Rosario Proto","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02416-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02416-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood modification is a process that alters the properties of wood through chemical, thermal, or physical treatments, thereby improving its performance, including durability and dimensional stability. Steaming is a hygrothermal treatment that can modify physical properties and may affect mechanical performance depending on process severity. This study investigated the effects of low-temperature steaming on olive wood (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) by applying a constant temperature (80 °C) and varying treatment duration (12, 18, and 36 h) compared with natural seasoning (control). Color and dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE_d) were measured on boards before and after treatment; after, specimens were tested for dimensional stability, bending properties (MOR and MOE_s), compression strength, Janka hardness, and abrasion resistance. Steaming produced significant color changes in both heartwood and sapwood, with stronger responses in sapwood. Bending properties showed non-significant increasing trends, with mean MOR increasing from 50.21 MPa (control) to 62.24–64.71 MPa and the highest mean MOE_s observed in the 12 h group (+ 13.45% vs. control). Compression strength was comparable to the control (56.34–57.77 MPa). Janka hardness showed a decreasing tendency (up to − 21.3% in the 12 h group), while abrasion weight loss increased slightly and differed significantly among groups (0.21% in control vs. 0.24–0.29% after steaming). Overall, low-temperature steaming at 80 °C appears suitable for improving olive wood color uniformity and selected technological performance while limiting the mechanical degradation typically associated with high-temperature thermal modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02416-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting spruce with larch, alder and birch in strand board manufacture","authors":"Tomáš Pipíška,&nbsp;Pavlo Bekhta,&nbsp;Jozef Ráheľ,&nbsp;Marek Nociar,&nbsp;Michal Šulák,&nbsp;Pavel Král,&nbsp;Roman Réh,&nbsp;Rastislav Igaz,&nbsp;Ľuboš Krišťák,&nbsp;Miroslav Jopek","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02409-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02409-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The composition of manufactured wood-based boards is influenced by variations in the availability of input materials caused by changes in forestry practice. The effect of substituting the ubiquitous Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> L. Karst) was studied in manufacturing single-layer oriented-strand boards (OSBs) with larch (<i>Larix decidua</i>), alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) and birch (<i>Betula pendula</i>) at compositions of 10, 15 and 20%. The boards with 3% pMDI resin and 0.5% wax were made and their standard physical, mechanical and thermophysical properties were measured. Strands made from the broadleaf wood species (alder and birch) were wider than those from spruce, and lower wood density was associated with a higher slenderness ratio. The slenderness and flatness ratios of alder strands were 9.6% and 33.3% higher than those of spruce, 54.2% and 100.0% higher than those of larch, and 45.1% and 44.0% higher than those of birch. Substituting 10–20% of spruce strands with larch, alder, or birch improved the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the boards. All boards met the EN 300 (for OSB/3) requirements for bending strength, internal bond strength, and thickness swelling, whereas modulus of elasticity values met the standard in all cases except for boards containing 15% alder. Alder and larch are the most suitable alternative species for replacing spruce. The higher internal bond strength observed in mixed-species boards indicates potential for reducing adhesive consumption in OSB production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02409-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comparative study of furfurylation and polyesterification of beech wood: influence of impregnation cycles on durability, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties","authors":"Lorenzo Pardo,&nbsp;Eric Masson,&nbsp;Benoît Laibe,&nbsp;Kevin Candelier,&nbsp;Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier,&nbsp;Rémi Laibe,&nbsp;Pierre Frechin,&nbsp;Safwan Saker,&nbsp;Emmanuel Fredon,&nbsp;Philippe Gerardin","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02420-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02420-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green and sustainable three-layer bamboo particleboard from chopstick waste bonded with bio-based polyurethane composite for engineering applications","authors":"Vanchai Laemlaksakul,&nbsp;Dusit Ngamrungroj,&nbsp;Songwit Srijunruk,&nbsp;Nathapong Sukhawipat","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02415-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02415-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the fabrication and performance evaluation of a sustainable three-layer bamboo particleboard (3LBP) designed for engineering applications. Chopstick waste bamboo (CWB) was used as a renewable raw material and bonded with a castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) adhesive at 12 wt% relative to the oven-dry mass of the bamboo particles. The 3LBP structure comprised fine CWB particles (50-mesh) in the face layers and coarse CWB particles (5-mesh) in the core, with varying layer ratios (1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, 2:1:2, and 3:1:3). The influence of the layer structure on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties was systematically investigated. Increasing the proportion of fine particles in the surface layers enhanced dimensional stability and strength. The 3:1:3 configuration demonstrated the most balanced performance, achieving a modulus of rupture (MOR) of 62.93 MPa and a modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 18,908 MPa in static bending tests (EN 310), both surpassing the requirements of the EN 312 standard for P7-grade particleboard (heavy-duty load-bearing boards for use in humid conditions). Additionally, it exhibited favorable thermal conductivity (0.106 W/m·K) and sound absorption average (SAA) of 0.04. The 1:1:1 ratio offered superior thermal insulation (0.081 W/m·K) but limited acoustic response. With an internal bond (IB) of 0.55 MPa and surface soundness (SS) of 1.14 MPa, the optimized 3LBP formulation demonstrates strong potential for application in furniture panels, partition systems, and interior construction components, providing an eco-efficient and high-performance alternative to conventional engineered materials such as wood-based particleboard and medium-density fiberboard (MDF).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood defect feature enhancement and recognition via adaptive non-monotonic activation functions","authors":"Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Weiguang Li,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02419-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02419-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deep learning based computer vision is regarded as a promising method to achieve automatic wood defect detection. However, due to the complexity and diversity of wood natural defects, the recognition accuracy fails to meet practical application. It is believed that the lack of specific features of wood defects causes the lower accuracy of deep learning model. In this study, the traditional activation function of CNN model is substituted by the non-monotonic functions in order to achieve a better approximation ability which is expected to help model to capture the key features of wood defects. The principle of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) is also adopted to parameterize and discretize the activation function to make it learnable and facilitate its training. Our findings indicate that some non-monotonic functions outperform traditional activation function, ReLU. Parameterization of activation function can further improve the accuracy. By utilizing Taylor series, activation functions are discretized, and it is found that increasing the order of Taylor series to a certain extent will also enhance the accuracy. Specifically, the new type of activation function highlights key features and can better approximate the relationships among variables, contributing to wood defect recognition. Moreover, by quantifying highlighted regions of the feature maps achieved by new activation function, the specific features associated with wood structures are obtained. The findings of this study not only provide guidance on improving accuracy of wood defect recognition but also make deep learning models explainable which improves their reliability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A one-pot silane-bridge strategy for synergistic wood modification: improving cinnamaldehyde fixation, mold resistance, and dimensional stability","authors":"Zhenju Bi,&nbsp;Dongyou Guo,&nbsp;Yufa Gao,&nbsp;Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Qun Ding","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02417-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02417-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eco-friendly small-molecule natural products hold great potential for improving wood properties; however, their application is limited by susceptibility to leaching and restricted functionality. To improve the fixation of these compounds within wood and achieve a synergistic improvement in both antifungal performance and dimensional stability, cinnamaldehyde was grafted onto the cell wall of poplar (<i>Populus × euramericana</i> ‘I-69’) wood via a one-pot process mediated by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The retention of cinnamaldehyde in modified poplar wood was evaluated based on its leached and volatile mass. The mold resistance was assessed according to anti-mold efficacy following leaching tests. The dimensional stability was assessed by measuring moisture content and dimensional changes during hygroscopic and drying processes. Additionally, the modified wood was characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the leaching resistance of cinnamaldehyde and the anti-mold stability of the modified wood. The leached and volatile mass of cinnamaldehyde were reduced by more than 90%. Consequently, the anti-mold efficacy of modified wood after leaching was more than 70%. Dimensional stability of modified wood was significantly improved, manifested by a reduction of over 40% in the volumetric swelling coefficient (VSWC). The moisture exclusion efficiency (MEE) and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) reached 25.9% and 56.0% under air-dried conditions, and 8.1% and 41.1% under water-saturated conditions, respectively. The characterization confirmed that cinnamaldehyde was grafted onto wood hydroxyl groups via Schiff base and condensation reactions mediated by APTES. This study achieved a synergistic improvement in mold resistance, leaching resistance, and dimensional stability, thereby extending the potential application of small-molecule aldehyde natural products in wood modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlayer adhesion and mechanical properties of wood-based multilayer composites fabricated by fused deposition modeling","authors":"Erman Zurnacı,&nbsp;Faik Cüneyd Alıcıoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02421-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02421-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, studies on producing high-strength, lightweight, and sustainable components through additive manufacturing (AM) have been on the rise. The aim is to explore how material combinations and process parameters influence interlayer adhesion and mechanical behavior, providing insights for advanced structural and eco-friendly applications. In this study, multilayer plates consisting of two and three layers were made with polylactic acid (PLA), wood-reinforced polylactic acid (wood-PLA containing 30% wood flour), and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) filaments using fused deposition modeling (FDM). An experimental design was employed to assess the effects of filament type and layer configuration on tensile, bending, and impact strengths. The mechanical strengths (tensile, bending, and impact) of the samples produced in accordance with this design were experimentally investigated, and the deformation modes occurring in the samples were determined. ANOVA (analysis of variance) showed that filament type was the most influential parameter on mechanical properties, with the contribution ratio of this parameter being 87.40% for tensile strength, 40.83% for bending strength, and 31.54% for impact strength. Experimental test results were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the plate design that would provide the best mechanical performance. As a result of the RSM optimization used a multiple response approach to obtain the optimum parameter combination for a 0.60 mm nozzle diameter, PLA/Wood-PLA material, and a three-layer structure. The composite desirability value of 0.712 indicates balanced optimization of mechanical properties, making layered structures a promising alternative for enhanced performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02421-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}