European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Screening of endophytic fungi biocontrols against sapstain fungus (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) in rubberwood","authors":"Susu Yang,&nbsp;Chunwang Yang,&nbsp;Chaoran Wang,&nbsp;Yushan Yang,&nbsp;Jian Qiu,&nbsp;Lei Qin","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02257-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02257-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rubber trees are often contaminated by sapstain fungus after felling, which seriously affects the appearance of the surface and causes economic losses. In order to combat the discoloration problem that occurs in rubberwood, this study isolated and screened a variety of endophytic fungi from rubberwood against sapstain fungus <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, which is widely present in rubberwood. The antagonism experiment initially screened two strains that showed significant inhibitory effects against <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> on plates. After preparing fungal suspensions of these two strains and applying them to rubber wood, the BH-3 strain was identified as the most effective biocontrol agent based on the rate of mass loss and color difference analysis. This strain was subsequently identified as <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>. FTIR, XRD, TG and SEM analysis were carried out on wood chips before and after treatment and wood chips before and after infection. The results showed that treated wood chips could well resist sapstain fungus infestation and had no significant effect on the thermal stability, MOR and MOE of wood chips. No discoloration was observed in treated wood chips after 4 weeks of coexistence with the sapstain fungus in the presence of <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> suspension. The wood chips did not exhibit any color change, the main chemical components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were only slightly degraded, and the microstructure remained intact. Therefore, this study shows that <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> can be widely used as an environmentally friendly, economical and efficient biocontrol agent against sapstain fungus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface roughness of thermally modified and unmodified selected wood species after sanding","authors":"Lukáš Adamčík,&nbsp;Valentina Lo Giudice,&nbsp;Luigi Todaro,&nbsp;Michal Dudiak,&nbsp;Richard Kminiak","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02260-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02260-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper aims to determine by measuring whether the Thermo-Vacuum modification of selected types of wood causes an increase or decrease in surface roughness after its sanding using drum sander. The roughness change is explained more comprehensively with respect to the change in density and hardness. The surface roughness was measured with a Keyence VHX-7000 digital microscope. The measured data showed that the Thermo-Vacuum modification reduced the surface roughness of beech wood. On the other hand, pine, oak, and chestnut wood increased in roughness probably due to a decrease in their hardness. This caused deeper grooves to be cut in the sanding process. The paper thus answers the question of whether wood modification helps the woodworking processes to achieve lower surface roughness or, on the contrary, increases it, which will require further surface treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02260-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital image correlation (DIC) application to evaluate bending performance of timber beams strengthened with NSM-CFRP plate","authors":"Annisa Prita Melinda,&nbsp;Shogo Higuchi,&nbsp;Fengky Satria Yoresta,&nbsp;Yosuke Yamazaki,&nbsp;Phan Viet Nhut,&nbsp;Pingkan Nuryanti,&nbsp;Yuji Takiuchi,&nbsp;Yukihiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02258-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02258-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the use of open-source digital image correlation (DIC), an advanced non-contact optical technique for measuring strain and deformation, to evaluate the bending performance of strengthened laminated veneer lumber (LVL) timber beams under a four-point bending test. The beams were strengthened with a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate mounted near the compression side, known as near-surface mounted (NSM). The effect of the reinforcement ratio on the compression zone was experimentally investigated for the strengthened beams. Open-source Ncorr software was employed to track surface patterns and measure full-field displacement and strain. This study demonstrated that DIC techniques provided accurate strain measurements and displacement analysis that closely matched experimental values, confirming the reliability of this open-source DIC system. DIC also revealed strain fields developing before and after the onset of cracking, providing insight into the contour failure of the timber beam. The strain fields obtained from DIC were found to be in excellent agreement with the crack pattern from the experimental results. Additionally, DIC results for displacement analysis and elastic stiffness were in good accord with experimental observations and beam theory for displacement calculation, further confirming the reliability and effectiveness of DIC as an analytical technique. The results of this study also have practical implications by highlighting the potential of open-source DIC techniques in the same way as commercial DIC software for ensuring accuracy and efficiency in materials testing and analysis for structural applications, particularly in timber composite materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02258-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the properties of birch bark tar obtained by the double-clay pot method and the laboratory method","authors":"Monika Bartkowiak,&nbsp;Szymon Rosołowski,&nbsp;Jakub Brózdowski,&nbsp;Grzegorz Cofta,&nbsp;Grażyna Dąbrowska,&nbsp;Magdalena Zborowska","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02255-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02255-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the experiment was to produce tar from birch bark using the double-clay pot (traditional) and laboratory methods and to compare them in order to obtain information about the properties of pyrolysis products. The comparison was made based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the methods used, assessment of selected physical properties and chemical composition of pyrolysis products using TGA, FTIR and Py-GC/MS techniques, and identification of the antioxidant properties of pyrolysis products. Birch bark tar was obtained in both methods used. It was found that the production method and the selection of pyrolysis parameters affect the properties of birch bark tar such as density, viscosity, content of solid fraction, solubility, thermal properties, structure and chemical composition, as well as antioxidant properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative sustainable Mexican tropical woods for classical guitar frameboards and fretboards","authors":"Alejandra Quintanar-Isaías,&nbsp;Felipe Orduña-Bustamante,&nbsp;Ana Teresa Jaramillo-Pérez,&nbsp;Cándido Cruz-Santiago,&nbsp;Norma Castañeda-Villa,&nbsp;Dulce Selene Nolasco-Ramírez","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02250-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02250-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable wood species suitable for constructing frameboards and fretboards of classical guitars and other string musical instruments, are identified and proposed as alternatives to wood species traditionally used for these purposes, but being currently ecologically endangered. Two sets of wood species were considered: (1) experimental woods, as possible alternatives, and (2) reference woods, traditionally in use, but considered at risk. Wood samples were studied in terms of anatomical characteristics: sizes of vessels, fibers, rays, and the corresponding ratios, amount of extractives, type and amount of axial parenchyma; and also in terms of physical vibration characteristics. Experimental woods of low mass density also have vibration qualities below those found among the reference wood species. The anatomical characteristics observed in these low density wood species feature large vessel diameters, thin fiber walls, and low amounts of extractives and parenchyma. Experimental woods of higher densities show larger, more adequate vibration parameters, and a variety of cellular characteristics, with modest amounts of extractives. Reference woods show larger transmission, more desirable vibration properties, diverse vessel diameters, with significantly thick fiber cell walls, and abundant axial parenchyma and extractives. Results were analyzed in terms of different variables, showing clustering of wood species according to anatomical and physical vibration similarities. This study allows recognizing characteristics closely equivalent to the reference woods among some of the experimental wood species, making them suitable for classical guitar frameboards and fretboards, as well as identifying some experimental wood species not necessarily suitable for this purpose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02250-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of bending performance in full-scale cross-laminated timber made from trembling aspen lumber","authors":"Dawei Wang,&nbsp;Mengyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Meng Gong,&nbsp;Ying Hei Chui","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02251-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02251-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an innovative engineered wood product with excellent stiffness and strength in two directions, typically made from combination species of Spruce-Pine-Fir or Douglas Fir-Larch in North America. Trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>), a widely distributed species in North America, exhibits a great potential for producing CLT due to its outstanding rolling shear properties and relatively low raw material cost. This study was aimed at evaluating the bending properties of full-scale CLT panel and specimen manufactured from trembling aspen lumber sourced in Alberta, Canada. The longitudinal stress wave (LSW) method was employed for sorting lumber based on the modulus of elasticity (MOE). Three- and five-layer CLT panels in two strength directions were constructed, measuring 2.7 m in length and 1.2 m in width. Static third-point bending tests were conducted for CLT panels and specimens. It was found that (1) The mean effective bending stiffnesses ((EI)_eff,f,0 and (EI)_eff,f,90) of three-layer CLT panels in the major- and minor-strength directions were 32.1% and 44.8% higher, respectively, than the values calculated using the shear analogy method. Similarly, for five-layer CLT panels, (EI)_eff,f,0 increased by 46.6% and (EI)_eff,f,90 by 43.3%; (2) For five-layer CLT specimens, the mean (EI)_eff,f,0 and (EI)_eff,f,90 were 19.2% and 30.3% higher, respectively, than grade E1 requirements specified in the standard ANSI/APA PRG-320, and the mean (EI)_eff,f,0 and (EI)_eff,f,90 of three-layer CLT specimens increased by 1.5% and 40.7% compared to those of grade E1, respectively; (3) The mean bending moment resistance ((F_bS)_eff,f,0) for five-layer CLT specimens in the major-strength direction was approximately 5.0% lower than that of CLT made with western hemlock, and the mean (F_bS)_eff,f,0 of three-layer CLT specimens was about 25.3% lower than that of CLT made with black spruce; (4) The rolling shear failure was observed to be the predominant failure mode in the major-strength groups, occurring approximately 50% in both three- and five-layer CLT specimens. For the minor-strength group, the tension failure was observed as primary failure mode, accounting for 50% as well. (5) The mean absolute percentage errors forecast for the mean (EI)_eff of three-layer CLT panels and specimens in the major-strength was 8.47% and 10.10%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA/wood composites: a metaheuristic and statistical perspective","authors":"Nikhil Bharat,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;D. Veeman,&nbsp;M. Vellaisamy","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02253-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02253-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The optimization of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process parameters is crucial for improving the mechanical properties of PLA/wood composites, yet traditional statistical methods often fail to capture complex, nonlinear parameter interactions effectively. This study applies the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize layer height, infill density, infill pattern, and raster orientation, comparing its performance with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). PLA/wood composites were fabricated using an 80:20 ratio, and mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate compressive strength, hardness, and tensile strength. The ABC algorithm demonstrated higher prediction accuracy, with R² values of 0.96 for compressive strength, 0.93 for hardness, and 0.95 for tensile strength, significantly reducing prediction errors compared to ANOVA. Experimental validation confirmed an experimental compressive strength of 82.4 MPa, theoretical value of 83.78 MPa (error 1.69%), hardness of 83.54 Shore D, theoretical value of 83.60 Shore D (error 0.11%), and tensile strength of 59.7 MPa, theoretical value of 59.95 MPa (error 0.41%). The results demonstrate that ABC-based optimization significantly enhances process efficiency and mechanical performance, making it a promising tool for advanced additive manufacturing applications, including multi-material 3D printing and sustainable bio-composite fabrication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of wood structure related vibrational characteristics of wooden plates from Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) by high resolution laser scans","authors":"Oliver Dünisch","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02254-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02254-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vibrational behaviour of wooden plates of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> [L.] Karst.) was studied by means of a high resolution laser scanning system, which allowed vibration measurements with an accuracy of 0.6 μm, a spatial resolution of the measuring spots of 28.6 μm, and a sampling frequency of 10,000 Hz. In total the vibration spectra of 10,760 measurement spots were analysed in terms of the number, frequencies, amplitudes, and damping of the overlapping natural oscillations. Special regard was given to the influence of the anatomical direction and the wood structure on the vibrational behaviour of the plates. In more than 70% of the vibration spectra two natural frequencies were present, while the other spectra showed indistinct vibration patterns. The anatomical direction of the wood had a significant influence on the vibrational behaviour in terms of the frequencies in absolute numbers as well as the amplitudes and the damping of the natural oscillations. Vibration spectra obtained from measurements in earlywood and latewood zones of the tree rings showed very similar characteristics, while measurements in zones with strong changes in tree ring widths and the presence of resin canals were often correlated with an increase of overlapping natural oscillations of indistinct frequencies, amplitudes, damping, and phase offset. The results indicate that the homogenous and highly organized cell structure in the wood of Norway spruce leads to distinct vibrational characteristics with two distinct overlapping natural frequencies. With regard to the use as resonance wood changes in tree ring widths and accumulations of resin canals are local defects, which have a negative impact on the vibrational properties of the wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bending properties of LVL made by Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and its potential for hybrid glulam beams","authors":"Carlos Martins,&nbsp;Alfredo M. P. G. Dias","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02244-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02244-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for engineered wood products is mobilizing the industry and the scientific community to study alternatives to softwood species. Hardwood species have been studied within the last decades to assess their mechanical properties of sawn wood and engineered wood products. Despite that, in Europe there is a huge diversity of hardwood species, most of them considered as mid-density, being Southern blue gum (<i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Labill.) considered as high-density with values of density of about 900 kg/m³. The present paper addresses an experimental campaign to assess the bending performance of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) made with Southern blue gum (both edgewise and flatwise). An average modulus of elasticity of 22,015 MPa and bending strength of 85.6 MPa were obtained for edgewise direction, 30.5% higher than flatwise for modulus of elasticity and 5.5% lower than flatwise bending strength. The use of Southern blue gum LVL at both tension and compression external layers for glulam production in combination with Poplar (Populus spp.) was also considered as well as the use of LVL only at the tension layer. From the former (5 glulam beams) an average value of 19,713 MPa and 77.9 MPa was determined whereas from unsymmetric use of LVL (3 glulam beams) an average value of 13,634 MPa and 57.9 MPa were obtained for modulus of elasticity and bending strength, respectively. Non-destructive tests preceded static standard tests and correlations were drawn. Bonding performance assessment of both LVL and glulam beams followed EN 14734 and EN 14080, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02244-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the characteristic strength values of unidirectional engineered bamboo laminates and cross-laminated bamboo panels","authors":"Rui Wang,&nbsp;Zhi Li,&nbsp;Yao Wu,&nbsp;Mingkang Xia,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02203-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02203-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the geometrical characteristics of thick-strip engineered bamboo panels, the experimental methods in accordance with current testing standards are proposed in this research. The strength values of structural used engineered bamboo panels under various loading conditions are reported in terms of tension, compression, bending, and shear. The average stress-displacement curves of panels with different thicknesses are given and compared in this study. The k-sample Anderson–Darling (ADK) test was used to statistically analyze the effect of thickness on three batches of strength values, and the test results indicated that the three groups of data were drawn from different populations, demonstrating that the thickness significantly affects the material properties of bamboo panels. Using the original test data obtained, strength values and the corresponding coefficient of variation (COV) were calculated and compared. Probability plots of the strength values indicate that the distribution can be described as a normal distribution variable with a 95% level of confidence. Based on the test information obtained from different small specimen numbers, ranging from 5 to 60, the characteristic strength values of the structural used bamboo panels are estimated according to the design-by-test approach. Additionally, the compressive performance and corresponding characteristic load-bearing capacity of cross-laminated-bamboo (CLB) based on the engineered bamboo boards are also investigated in this research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}