European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Date palm wood-based foams with gellan gum binder for enhanced sound and thermal insulation in building applications","authors":"Hyder Al Abdallah,&nbsp;Joy H. Tannous,&nbsp;Basim Abu-Jdayil","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02504-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofoams are a promising alternative to fossil-fuel-derived materials for heat insulation in construction. However, the processing of biomaterials to produce bioaerogels involves multistep steps, making it costly and complicated. In this study, biofoams were fabricated from biomass without any prior treatment through a simple process. Wood powder obtained from date palm waste was suspended in an aqueous gellan gum solution, gelled, and then freeze-dried. A major advancement in this study is the absence of any chemical treatment or crosslinking agents. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to fabricate wood foams using gellan gum. The wood powder obtained from biomass was added to a 1 wt.% aqueous gellan gum solution at concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt.% (relative to the mass of the solution). Increasing wood loading from 2 to 5 wt.% raised foam density from 62.68 to 89.44 kg/m³, thermal conductivity from 0.019 to 0.047 W/m·K, and thermal diffusivity from 0.05 to 0.37 mm²/s, while compressive strength at 50% strain rose sharply from 36 kPa at 2 wt.% to 95 kPa at 5 wt.%, indicating a clear trade-off between thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength governed by biomass content. Specific heat capacity followed the inverse trend, decreasing as wood loading increased. The 2 wt.% formulation achieved the lowest density and thermal conductivity values recorded in this study, along with the highest sound absorption coefficient (0.75), identifying it as the most promising composition for thermal and acoustic insulation applications, whereas higher-loading formulations may better suit applications prioritizing compressive strength. The fabricated materials were further characterized using a smoke density tester, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, confirming the foams' porous structure and thermal stability. The findings of this study demonstrate the high potential for using date palm wood waste as a low-cost, eco-friendly, tunable thermal insulation material in construction, with composition offering a direct route to tailor performance for specific end-use requirements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue behavior of threaded rods bonded into glued-laminated timber for application in bridge construction","authors":"René Steiger,&nbsp;Bruno Zumbrunn-Maurer,&nbsp;Lukas Kramer,&nbsp;Thomas Strahm,&nbsp;Ernst Gehri","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02490-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02490-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the difficult climatic conditions and the fatigue stresses caused by traffic loads, timber is used comparatively little in bridge construction. Connections with bonded in rods (BiR) are of particular interest for structures with fatigue loads, as they allow a very uniform force transfer. So far, most of the fatigue strength tests have been carried out on BiR connections in dry wood. Transferability to applications in bridge construction, where higher moisture contents prevail, is limited. Focusing on the potential of BiR connections in bridge construction, fatigue tests with 2 million load cycles, and an <i>R</i>-value of 0.1 (pulsating tensile domain) were conducted on BiR parallel and perpendicular to grain in European ash and Norway spruce glued-laminated timber (GLT) with varying moisture content (MC). The tests showed that threaded rods bonded into ash and spruce GLT can be used to create strong and very stiff connections in components with MC of up to 20 %. In the fatigue tests, at least 3 specimens achieved the targeted 2 million load cycles in all 4 series with 3 – 4 experiments in each series. The adhesive joints were not the weakest component in any of the specimens. In the fatigue tests with BiR parallel to grain in specimens made of ash GLT, a high nominal bond line shear stress was generated, and the sufficient fatigue strength of the connection was demonstrated. In all test series (dry wood and wood at elevated MC, static and fatigue loading) with BiR perpendicular to grain in spruce GLT, the failure of the timber zone between the rows of rods in rolling shear, was found to be critical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02490-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale mechanical and viscoelastic behaviour of major and lesser-used Congo Basin hardwoods: effects of radial position and moisture content","authors":"Charly Julien Nyobe,&nbsp;Nicolas Stéphane Nyobe,&nbsp;René Oum Lissouck,&nbsp;Louis Max Ayina Ohandja","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02505-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02505-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the multi-scale mechanical and viscoelastic behaviour of nineteen Congo Basin hardwood species, including thirteen major commercial timbers and six lesser-used substitutes. A comprehensive approach was applied, integrating apparent density, intra-tree radial variability, and moisture content (12–28%) to evaluate static properties (MOE, MOR, compression and tension), fracture toughness (G_IC), and dynamic properties (storage modulus E′ and loss factor tan δ). Peripheral wood consistently exhibited the highest static and dynamic performance, confirming its relevance for structural applications. Dense species such as Azobé, Okan and Wengé reached MOE values above 22 GPa and displayed low viscoelastic damping, whereas light species such as Ayous and Okoumé showed lower stiffness and higher energy dissipation. Increasing moisture content reduced elastic moduli by up to 35% and increased damping, with more pronounced effects in low-density species. Lesser-used substitute species exhibited mechanical and viscoelastic properties consistent with those of their respective mechanical groups, supporting their potential use as alternatives in construction. Overall, the results highlight the dominant role of density and radial position in governing stiffness, strength and viscoelastic response, while quantifying moisture effects critical for tropical service conditions. This dataset provides a robust basis for mechanical grading, species substitution and sustainable utilisation of Congo Basin hardwoods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical and thermal characterization of thermochromic transparent wood as a potential smart glazing material","authors":"Geraldy Eka Putra Hardiwiyanto,&nbsp;Nur Abdillah Siddiq,&nbsp;Sentagi Sesotya Utami,&nbsp;Andhang Trihamdani,&nbsp;Sandhi Baskara","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02506-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02506-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transparent wood (TW) is an emerging bio-based glazing material, and the incorporation of thermochromic pigments offers a route toward glazing that modulates visible light in response to temperature. However, the effect of thermochromic pigment concentration on the coupled optical and thermal behaviour of TW has not been quantified, and large-area thermochromic TW panels have rarely been demonstrated. In this study, thermochromic transparent wood (TTW) panels of 10 × 10 cm² and 3 mm thickness were fabricated from balsa wood by NaClO₂-based delignification followed by vacuum impregnation with an epoxy resin containing a microencapsulated leuco-dye pigment at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 wt%. Delignification reduced the Klason lignin content from 20.38% to 2.09%, enabling uniform polymer infiltration. Ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectrophotometry showed that luminous transmittance (<i>T</i>_lum) in the cold state decreased from 69.9% for pigment-free TW to 59.0%, 43.0% and 35.0% at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 wt%, while thermal activation reduced <i>T</i>_lum to 52.7%, 33.4% and 24.2%, corresponding to switching contrasts of 6.3, 9.6 and 10.8% points. Pigment loading therefore governs a direct trade-off between transparency and optical switching contrast. The switching time increased from 327.6 s to 377.8 s with increasing pigment content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a single endothermic feature at 53.45–56.05 °C with an associated enthalpy of 6.67–10.33 J g⁻¹, which is attributed to enthalpy relaxation at the glass transition of the epoxy matrix rather than a latent-heat phase transition, thus indicating that the material has no thermal energy storage function. The pigment-free panel exhibited a thermal conductivity of 0.267 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 40 °C, 3.6 times lower than the 0.958 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ measured on the same instrument for a clear glass reference of equal thickness, indicating reduced conductive heat transfer relative to conventional glazing without qualifying the material as a thermal insulator. These results establish quantitative design limits for leuco-dye-based thermochromic transparent wood as an adaptive daylight-control glazing element for warm-climate buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Korean Quercus variabilis virgin cork as an alternative cork resource: weathering, fungal, and termite resistance compared with European Quercus suber reproduction cork","authors":"Byeongho Kim,&nbsp;Denni Prasetia,&nbsp;Nam-Hum Kim,&nbsp;Helena Pereira,&nbsp;Se-Yeong Park","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02496-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02496-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cork is a renewable material with potential for building applications, but information on Korean <i>Quercus variabilis</i> cork remains limited compared with commercial <i>Quercus suber</i> cork. This study compared the chemical composition, UV-induced photodegradation, fungal decay performance, and termite response of Korean <i>Q. variabilis</i> virgin cork and commercial <i>Q. suber</i> reproduction cork. Both materials showed similar chemical compositions, with suberin accounting for approximately 48–50% of the oven-dry material. After 28 days of UV irradiation, both corks showed pronounced greyish-white discoloration and surface chemical changes, with <i>ΔE</i>* values of 23.3 for <i>Q. variabilis</i> and 16.0 for <i>Q. suber</i>. Extractive-free and desuberinised samples showed different colour responses, indicating that these constituents influence UV-induced surface changes. In fungal decay tests, mass losses ranged from 0.32 to 4.63%, and both materials were classified as highly resistant according to KS F 2213. In the termite test, mass losses were 10.18% and 12.65%, respectively, indicating appreciable feeding despite high termite mortality. Overall, Korean <i>Q. variabilis</i> virgin cork showed broadly comparable performance to commercial <i>Q. suber</i> reproduction cork under the tested conditions, supporting its potential as an alternative cork resource. Because the materials differed in both species and cork developmental stage, the results should be interpreted as a material-level comparison. The UV-only exposure also represents photodegradation rather than complete outdoor weathering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing dyeing efficiency of bamboo culm through surface sanding: modifying microstructure and permeability for improved dyeing performance","authors":"Rui Ma,&nbsp;Dandan Xu,&nbsp;Wei Tao,&nbsp;Gouying Hu,&nbsp;Huili Liu,&nbsp;Sheng He,&nbsp;Weiqi Leng","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02500-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02500-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bamboo products are increasingly popular among consumers; however, their monotonous surface coloration and inherent natural defects limit their economic value. To address these issues, this study investigated the dyeing performance of bamboo culms after surface sanding treatment. The experimental factors examined included sandpaper grit size, sanding removal amount, and dyeing duration for unsanded and sanded samples, while the measured responses included surface morphology, roughness, wettability, chemical composition, dye penetration depth, color parameters, gloss, and lightfastness. Sandpaper grit size primarily governed surface roughness characteristics, whereas sanding removal amount controlled the extent of hydrophobic barrier removal; both parameters were systematically examined for their individual and interactive effects on dyeing performance. The results demonstrated that sanding treatment reduced the surface silicon content of bamboo by 22.9% and increased its surface roughness by 16.81%. As the sandpaper grit size increased, the surface roughness decreased, cell structural damage was reduced, and pits on the cell walls remained observable. After dyeing, the bamboo culms showed distinct color differences compared with undyed bamboo. Both prolonging the dyeing time and increasing the sanding removal amount enhanced dye penetration depth and darkened the surface color. Sanding improved the surface wettability of bamboo, promoted more uniform surface dyeing and improved dyeing efficiency, but reduced surface gloss. The dye adhered via physical adsorption without new chemical bonds. Lightfastness tests showed that dyed bamboo faded after 124 h of xenon lamp irradiation. Overall, sanding pretreatment negatively affected lightfastness, but this trade-off was offset by substantial improvements in dyeing efficiency and uniformity. Among the tested samples, unsanded bamboo dyed for 4 h, sanded bamboo dyed for 30 min and bamboo with a sanding removal amount of 3–4 g showed better lightfastness, with grades of 3–4, 4 and 3–4, respectively. This research provides a new strategy for bamboo dyeing in eco-friendly construction and decoration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal variation in log properties of Pinus radiata in northern Tasmania: predicting log stiffness using resistance drilling","authors":"Geoffrey M. Downes,&nbsp;Robert Musk,&nbsp;Kaine Arkley,&nbsp;Vilius Gendvilas,&nbsp;David J Lee","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02487-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02487-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assessed within and between-stem variation in log dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) using 591, 2.5 m logs from 65 <i>Pinus radiata</i> D.Don trees. Trees were sampled across 13 plots (5 individuals per plot), across 7 stands from 7 different forests in northern Tasmania, Australia. The result showed average log MOE was significantly influenced by stand age, stems per hectare, tree height, breast height diameter and dominance index. Within individual stems, we observed a consistent pattern where MOE and acoustic wave velocity increased to a peak between 5 and 15 m above ground before declining. This general increasing then decreasing pattern remained consistent across all stands, with between-site variance appearing predominantly in the y-axis intercept value, effectively representing the log MOE at zero stem height. Resi-predicted basic density showed significant correlation with log MOE, though the strength of this relationship varied markedly depending on sampling position along the stem. Multiple regression and random forest models based on 29 traits extracted from the Resi trace accounted for greater variance in log MOE compared to Resi-predicted basic density alone. Notably, random forest models explained 56% of variation at the individual log level, compared to 30% from basic density alone. This improved substantially when analysed at the mean plot level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the strain characteristics of wood in three-point bending on the basis of the radial moisture content gradient distribution","authors":"Ren Li","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02497-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02497-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the effects of average moisture content (MC) on wood mechanical properties are well documented, the quantitative influence of ubiquitous in-service internal moisture gradients on bending performance remains poorly understood. This study established controlled radial MC gradients on small clear defect-free Chinese fir specimens via short-term water immersion followed by 3–13 h of sealed storage, and systematically tested their three-point bending strain responses using a DMA 242 dynamic mechanical analyser. Directly measured results show that the maximum microstrain of 630,700 µε (corresponding to 63.07% deformation) was recorded after 3 h of sealed storage when the radial MC gradient peaked at 8.11%/mm. As storage extended to 8 h, the gradient dropped to 1.49%/mm, with average maximum microstrain reducing to 444,000 µε. After 11 h of storage, the gradient fell below 0.3%/mm to near-uniform moisture distribution, while the average maximum microstrain stabilized at ~ 420,000 µε, still notably higher than 323,600 µε of the uniform equilibrium moisture content (EMC) control group. The unit stress strain increment followed the same trend, confirming that the high-moisture surface part dominates the overall bending performance. This foundational small-specimen laboratory study preliminarily verifies the critical role of surface moisture-proof protection for bending wood elements, providing quantitative reference for subsequent full-scale structural component validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo particleboards bonded with lignin-modified vinyl acetate-ethylene adhesive: physical, mechanical, and thermal properties","authors":"Adeilson Carvalho,&nbsp;Felipe Gomes Batista,&nbsp;Dayane Targino de Medeiros,&nbsp;Jacinta Veloso de Carvalho,&nbsp;Estela Corrêa de Azevedo,&nbsp;Cínthia Aparecida Silva,&nbsp;Guilherme Casa Nova,&nbsp;Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho,&nbsp;Ricardo Gabriel de Almeida Mesquita,&nbsp;Gilvano Ebling Brondani,&nbsp;José Benedito Guimarães Junior,&nbsp;Lourival Marin Mendes","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02492-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02492-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of sustainable adhesive systems based on renewable resources is essential for advancing environmentally friendly lignocellulosic materials. However, limited information is available on the direct modification of vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) adhesives with Kraft lignin for bamboo particleboards, particularly regarding the relationship between adhesive thermal behavior, interfacial morphology, and panel performance. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating Kraft lignin (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) into VAE adhesive on the physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of bamboo particleboards. TGA/DTG and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate adhesive thermal behavior and particle–adhesive interfacial morphology, respectively. Lignin incorporation was associated with improved dimensional stability and mechanical performance. Water absorption decreased from 17.04% to 6.62% after 2 h and from 80.31% to 36.29% after 24 h. At 15% lignin, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond increased from 38.02 to 60.45 MPa, 2219 to 5449 MPa, and 0.31 to 0.68 MPa, respectively. TGA/DTG showed that lignin did not substantially alter the overall degradation profile of VAE but increased carbonaceous residue at high temperatures. SEM revealed improved interfacial cohesion up to 15% lignin, with reduced fiber pull-out, fewer voids, and a more continuous adhesive matrix, whereas 20% lignin promoted agglomeration and microvacuole formation. Thermal conductivity remained stable at 0.13–0.15 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Among the formulations evaluated, 10 and 15% Kraft lignin showed the most favorable combination of dimensional stability and mechanical performance, demonstrating the potential of lignin as a renewable modifier for VAE-based bamboo particleboards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02492-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local contact behaviour of Norway spruce under compression parallel to fibres","authors":"Marcus Vinícius Tavares da Costa,&nbsp;Clara Chansigaud,&nbsp;Mikael Perstorper,&nbsp;Johan Vessby","doi":"10.1007/s00107-026-02498-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-026-02498-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Timber joints designed to transfer forces directly through timber-timber contact represent one possible approach to reducing the use of metal components in timber buildings. However, in tall timber buildings, joints are subjected to large loads that may lead to fibre crushing when wood fibres are compressed against other fibres parallel to the fibres. This phenomenon reduces the global stiffness and strength of such joints, and the details of this interaction are investigated in this study. Experimental tests were performed using compression tests to locally examine and characterize the mechanical properties of two types of contacts: (i) wood fibres loaded in the longitudinal direction against steel and (ii) wood fibres interacting with other wood fibres. The stiffness of the damaged regions was approximately 1% of the stiffness of the non-contact regions. Postmortem micrographs showed fibre crushing primarily in the earlywood regions, while, when wood fibres were in contact with steel, all fibres are susceptible to simultaneous buckling. In addition, the proposed numerical micromechanical models successfully reproduced earlywood fibre buckling, and the predicted global stress-strain responses showed good agreement with the trends observed in the compression tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-026-02498-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}