European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Experimental research on flexural performance of dowel laminated timber composed of LVL made from fast-growing larch","authors":"Haiyan Fu,&nbsp;Zheng Li,&nbsp;Minjuan He","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02239-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02239-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the dowel laminate timber production method and the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) material characteristic, a new type of mass timber, known as dowel laminated veneer lumber (DLVL), was developed using small-thickness LVL made from fast-growing larch (<i>Larix gmelinii</i> Rupr), which could be made into beams with large cross-sections. Four-point bending tests were carried out on DLVL beams. The flexural performance of vertical DLVL (V-DLVL) and horizontal DLVL (H-DLVL) beams was compared. The impacts of lamina thickness and width on the flexural strength and effective flexural stiffness of H-DLVL beams were further investigated. The prediction formulas of the flexural capacity and effective flexural stiffness of H-DLVL beams were proposed. The results showed that the flexural strength and effective flexural stiffness of H-DLVL beams were about 2 and 8 times that of V-DLVL beams with the same cross-section, respectively. The flexural performance of H-DLVL beams made from fast-growing wood was comparable with that of other engineered wood beams. The lamina thickness combination affected the flexural performance of H-DLVL beams. When the beam cross-section was constant, the flexural strength of H-DLVL beams composed of 20 mm and 40 mm mixed thickness LVL laminae was a little higher than that of H-DLVL beams only composed of 20 mm or 40 mm thickness LVL laminae. The prediction formulas considering the size effect could successfully predict the flexural capacity, maximum deflection, and effective flexural stiffness of H-DLVL beams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A detailed statistical process control implementation for density in MDF manufacture through PCA, Shewhart and EWMA charts","authors":"Sebahattin Tiryaki","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02233-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02233-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Density is one of the major decision-making criteria of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) in terms of product quality. It is therefore very important to keep this key quality characteristic of the MDF in control. This research presents an industrial implementation of Shewhart’<span>(:stackrel{-}{text{x}}-text{s})</span> control charts, which are generally constructed to catch large shifts, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, which is mostly used to uncover small and moderately shifts, to monitor the density in the MDF manufacture in a forest products enterprise. Besides, a process capability analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate whether or not the measured outputs of density fall inside the specification limits. As a result; it was detected that the process was not in control for both <span>(:stackrel{-}{text{x}}-text{s})</span> and EWMA, which demonstrate the changes in the density. The PCA also revealed that the process did not have sufficient capability in meeting the specifications of the density. Ultimately, such studies will allow both engineers and quality control officers to monitor a large number of measurements of quality characteristics in manufacturing processes. This can make a major contribution to detecting whether quality-related issues exist in processes and thus guide practitioners in improving or maintaining the quality level. Furthermore, in light of the current study, the efforts to be carried out to identify and eliminate factors that cause the process to deviate from specifications as well as factors that cause signal generation are expected to contribute to both reducing the amount of non-conforming products and achieving a more stable process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02233-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the transverse compression performance of wood reinforced with wood dowels and finite element numerical simulation","authors":"Zhang Fenghao,&nbsp;Zhao Liyuan,&nbsp;Wang Sidong,&nbsp;Wang Qianqing,&nbsp;Chen Ruiyao,&nbsp;Jiang Jinghui","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02229-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02229-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood is a typical anisotropic material with considerably lower transverse compressive strength than longitudinal compressive strength. In the field of wooden structure design and construction, the occurrence of tilting or even collapse due to transverse compression is a common challenge requiring careful consideration. Presently, reinforcement materials primarily include steel bars or screws, yet a comprehensive examination of internal force dynamics within reinforced wood is lacking. This study utilizes Japanese larch (<i>Larix kaempferi</i> (Lamb.) Carriere) as the wood material, reinforces the wood through the insertion of wood dowels made of Schima superba (<i>Schima superba</i> Gardner &amp; Champ.), and investigates the effects of the number and length of wood dowels on the transverse compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the wood. A simulation model is established using the finite element software to analyze stress and strain variations in samples following wood dowel implantation. The study investigates the predictive and simulated influence of wood dowel diameter on the transverse compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of wood. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Employing a 90 mm wood dowel can effectively increase the radial and tangential compressive strength as well as the modulus of elasticity of the wood. (2) Introducing wood dowels can influence the stress and strain distribution within the internal structure of wood, with increasing trends observed as the length of the dowel increases. (3) When the length of the wood dowel amounts to 90 mm, augmenting the diameter of the wood dowel can efficaciously enhance the transverse compression strength and modulus of elasticity of the wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring consumer perception of uncoated wooden cladding: a study across three European countries","authors":"Geir Wæhler Gustavsen,&nbsp;Philip Bester van Niekerk,&nbsp;Jonas Niklewski,&nbsp;Christian Brischke,&nbsp;Gry Alfredsen","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02235-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02235-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increased focus on sustainable building materials and the growing popularity of uncoated wooden cladding, understanding consumer acceptance of aesthetic changes becomes crucial for sustainable architectural choices. This study investigated consumer acceptance of uncoated wooden cladding in Norway, Sweden, and Germany, focusing on personality traits and perceptions. Using an online survey with 3112 participants, the study found that preference for uncoated wooden cladding was similar (around 20%) across the three countries, despite differences in the prevalence of wooden cladding. A natural consequence of weathering of wood exposed outdoors is greying of the surface. The survey presented participants with images of uncoated wooden cladding with varying degrees of grey discolouration. Participants rated the acceptability of these claddings based on their preferences. Acceptance of this discolouration differed by country, Norwegians preferred intermediate-coloured panels, Swedes preferred darker panels, and Germans accepted all panels. Personality traits measured using the Big Five personality inventory and socioeconomic factors influenced preferences. In Norway and Sweden, those accepting the discolouration of uncoated wooden cladding included introverts, highly conscientious individuals, young people, females, and those with tertiary education. Additionally, in Norway and Germany, openness to experience was linked to acceptance, while strong emotional control was significant only in Norway. This study underscores the complexity of consumer preferences for uncoated wooden cladding, demonstrating that personality traits, in conjunction with cultural and demographic variables, jointly influence perception. The findings offer valuable insights for architects, builders, and policymakers seeking to advance sustainable construction practices while optimising consumer satisfaction in the housing sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02235-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydrolytic and freeze-thaw aging on the performance of spruce wood","authors":"Callisto Ariadne Beuthe,&nbsp;M. Reza Foruzanmehr,&nbsp;Marzieh Riahinezhad,&nbsp;Elnaz Esmizadeh,&nbsp;Peter Collins,&nbsp;Itzel Lopez-Carreon","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02228-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02228-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood is susceptible to various degradation mechanisms when exposed to dynamic environmental conditions, including hydrolysis caused by the infiltration of water into the wood cell structure. This study aims to examine the differences between the effects of two types of accelerated aging on the long-term performance of white spruce wood samples to have a better understanding of the performance of spruce wood in real-world applications. Two separate sets of samples were employed in this experimental study. One set was placed in a hydrolytic aging chamber at 90 °C and 80% relative humidity while the other set was placed in a freeze-thaw cycling chamber with temperature variations from 25 °C to -18 °C at a rate of 6 cycles per day. The aged samples were tested at regular intervals, with a testing span of 3 months for the hydrolytically aged samples and 300 cycles for the freeze-thaw aged samples. The results obtained from characterization tests showed that both aging conditions caused a significant increase in the crystallinity index of the samples. This finding highlights the potential value of subjecting wood to these conditions as a pre-treatment to standardize crystallinity levels for experimental purposes. Ultimately, the hydrolytic aging conditions were found to be more detrimental to the spruce wood samples. The samples that underwent hydrolytic aging demonstrated higher water uptake levels, lower viscoelastic properties, and lower thermal degradation temperatures than the samples that were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02228-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressive behavior of wood winding circular tubes at different winding angles","authors":"Wenjing Zhou,&nbsp;Haitao Li,&nbsp;Tianyu Gao,&nbsp;Zixian Feng,&nbsp;Xinqi Shen,&nbsp;Ottavia Corbi","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02197-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02197-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to study the compressive behavior of wood winding circular tubes at different winding angles (from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, with intervals of every 15 degrees), 28 specimens were designed for experimental research. The failure modes of the specimens were found to be dependent on the winding angle: specimens labeled WD0 and WD15 exhibited brittle fracture, specimens labeled WD45 to WD90 showed progressive crushing, and the remaining specimens experienced mixed failure. The results indicated that the compressive strength gradually decreased with the increase of winding angle. Additionally, specific energy absorption (SEA), mean crushing force (MCF) and crush force efficiency (CFE) increased with the winding angle, while peak crushing force (PCF) initially decreased and then increased. Further, an empirical equation based on a sine and cubic function was proposed to predict the compressive strength of wood winding circular tubes at different winding angles. Theoretical formulas were also introduced to predict the mean crushing force.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced potential of fast-growth Eucalyptus woods for construction: two-step thermal treatment under dual atmospheres","authors":"Marindia de Almeida Borba,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique de Moraes Kolton,&nbsp;Kelvin Techera Barbosa,&nbsp;Larissa Queiroz Minillo,&nbsp;Andrey Pereira Acosta,&nbsp;Rafael de Avila Delucis,&nbsp;Rafael Beltrame","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02234-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02234-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of one-step and two-step thermal modifications on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of two Eucalyptus species under different atmospheres. Specimens underwent 27 treatments involving soybean oil immersion, oven heating, and combined methods at 150, 200, and 250 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h. Oil-based treatments were performed in a laboratory oil bath, while air-based treatments used a forced-air oven. Chemical properties were analyzed via wet chemical tests and FTIR, while physical properties, such as mass loss, equilibrium moisture content, and dimensional stability, were measured. Mechanical properties were determined by static bending tests and thermogravimetric analyses. Results indicated that oil-based treatments had less impact on chemical changes compared to air-based treatments. Significant modifications in wood components (hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, and extractives) were observed. Treatments involving oil immersion and combined immersion/air-based methods increased bulk density, especially at temperatures above 200 °C for 4 h, with increases up to 36.51%. The greatest improvement in modulus of elasticity (MOE) occurred at 200 °C for 2 and 4 h, with increases of 2.07% for <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> and 2.42% for <i>Eucalyptus saligna</i>. Modulus of rupture (MOR) showed no increases; however, oil immersion at 150 °C resulted in the least MOR reduction (7.18% for E. <i>grandis</i>, 1.74% for E. <i>saligna</i>). Two-step processes exhibited promising potential for industrial scaling, with <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> performing best overall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic stiffness of a novel steel-grout hybrid dowel-type connector for cross-laminated timber panels: analytical model development, experimental validation and genetic algorithm optimization","authors":"Blériot Vincent Feujofack Kemda,&nbsp;Cristiano Loss","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02227-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02227-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the development of an analytical model for the elastic stiffness of innovative hybrid steel-grout dowel-type connectors for CLT panels. This analytical model is based on the Beam on Elastic Foundation theory using the Wrinkler assumption. Within the model, the connector’s elastic stiffness is discretized into two components: (i) the rod-grout interaction stiffness and (ii) the grout-CLT interaction stiffness. The final stiffness is derived by combining these two components. This model accommodates the complex modulus of elasticity function for CLT through a square wave function approximated using a Fourier series. 420 monotonic static full-scale tests were conducted on hybrid connectors, varying the loading angle, the CLT grade, the rod diameter and strength class, and the grout-to-rod diameter ratio. A comparison between experimental and analytical results demonstrates the accuracy of the developed analytical model, with average errors for the elastic stiffness of 13% for connectors loaded in a direction parallel to the face layers of the CLT panel and 11% for connectors loaded in a direction perpendicular to the face layers of the CLT panels. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the modulus of elasticity of the grout has the most significant effect on the variability of elastic stiffness of connectors. Finally, a genetic algorithm optimization confirmed that an optimal grout-to-rod diameter ratio falls between 2 and 4 for 3-ply CLT panels, with a selected ideal connector having a rod diameter of 27.99 mm and a grout-to-rod diameter ratio of 2.68, yielding an elastic stiffness of 156.01 kN/mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bending performance of adhesive-free cross-laminated timber panels fabricated with fast-growing Chinese fir","authors":"Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Weiguo Long,&nbsp;Jiajia Ou,&nbsp;Di Chen,&nbsp;Zhao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02230-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02230-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To effectively utilize China’s abundant fast-growing forest resources for the manufacturing of engineered wood products (EWPs) and reduce the environmental impact induced by adhesives in EWPs, this study developed nailed cross-laminated timber (NCLT) using machine-graded fast-growing Chinese fir laminations, with wooden nails as the fasteners. Four-point bending tests were conducted on 28 NCLT panels. The failure modes, bending strength, and stiffness of the specimens were investigated. The parametric analysis was carried out based on the validated finite element analysis of NCLT panels. The results show that the failure mode of NCLT panels differs from the brittle failure of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels, demonstrating a better plastic deformation capacity. The bending strength and stiffness of NCLT panels ranged from 8.67 to 12.33 MPa and 5.90 to 13.95 kN·m², respectively. Moreover, both the bending strength and stiffness of the NCLT panels showed a positive correlation with the diameter and quantity of wooden nails. The mechanically jointed beam model can accurately predict the bending stiffness of NCLT. Through the rational arrangement of the laminations and wooden nails, NCLT has the potential to serve as a substitute for CLT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of surface roughness on the wettability of MDF processed by robotic sanding","authors":"F. Iglesias,&nbsp;A. Aguilera,&nbsp;A. Rolleri,&nbsp;M. Wentzel,&nbsp;E. Diez","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02231-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02231-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sanding and polishing operations are essential to conditioning and improving the quality of surfaces before applying coatings on wooden parts and wood-based materials. One of the characteristics to evaluate the surface response to coatings is wettability, which is described by the contact angle. This study investigated the effect of surface roughness on the contact angle behaviour of medium-density fibreboards. For this, workpieces were sanded with different grit sizes (P80, P120, and P240), and all other operating conditions were held constant. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysed the chemical composition of the surfaces to rule out the influence of surface polarity on the contact angle. Then, surface roughness was measured by confocal microscopy, and wettability was measured by distilled water droplet contact angle. The results revealed a non-linear relationship between surface roughness and contact angle, where smoother surface roughness, generated by finer grit sandpaper, correlated with lower contact angles, suggesting better wettability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}