{"title":"Early history of skin preservation and transplantation; the role of Carl August Ljunggren.","authors":"Bengt Uvelius, Karl-Erik Andersson","doi":"10.1177/09677720221099007","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720221099007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the late 19th and the early 20th century there was an unprecedented development in medical research. Tissue and cell culture rapidly developed into areas with many contributing scientists. The same is true for tissue transplantation. When these achievements are described afterwards in a historical context and a mainline development is constructed, there are researchers whose pioneering work is forgotten. The present paper attempts to correct this and to present a correct description of the start of tissue preservation and transplantation. We have traced relevant original publications in international journals between 1870 and 1920. The traditional view is that Alexis Carrel was the first He received a Nobel Prize 1912 for his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs. The same year he published an article on human skin storage and transplantation. This was more than a decade later than Carl August Ljunggren (1860-1934) who 1898 published his pioneering but long forgotten work on human skin preservation and transplantation, and with a vision of tissue banks. Our article contains a brief biography of Ljunggren, and further reconstructs the processes that resulted in the lack of awareness today of his achievements. <b>Conclusion:</b> Carl August Ljunggren was the first to preserve human skin in vitro for prolonged periods, followed by transplantation of the specimens to other patients. He was also the first to propose the use of tissue banks.</p>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"79 1","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65191879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waldemar Perdoch, Andreas Treu, Bartłomiej Mazela, Jerzy Majka, Łukasz Czajkowski, Wiesław Olek
{"title":"Hydrophobic and hygroscopic properties of cellulose treated with silicone agents","authors":"Waldemar Perdoch, Andreas Treu, Bartłomiej Mazela, Jerzy Majka, Łukasz Czajkowski, Wiesław Olek","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02049-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02049-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of various cellulose treatments on the hydrophobic properties and sorption behavior with respect to liquid water uptake and water vapor sorption were examined within the study. Different hydrophobic agents based on silicon compounds were applied to improve the properties of cellulose-based sheets. The 1H,1H,2H,2H perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane treatment increased hydrophobicity significantly, while N-octyltriethoxysilane and inorganic sodium silicate solution treatments only slightly affected the properties. Silicone-cellulose interaction varied, influencing the fiber saturation and moisture content of the material. The swelling differences between untreated and treated cellulose and, consequently, the uncovering of new active sorption sites during a swelling process and the increase in the content of bound water were confirmed by the T2 relaxation times analysis. The GDW sorption model estimated maximum water content but lacked activation dynamics. The blocking phenomenon of active sorption sites together with silicone improved hydrophobicity had different mechanisms for applied agents. The 1H,1H,2H,2H perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane additionally cross-linked silane structure and restricted cellulose swelling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"821 - 832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02049-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesse Favis, Bruno Monteiro Balboni, C. Brand Wessels
{"title":"Effect of wood moisture content and adhesive open time on the adhesion strength of wet bonded Pinus radiata wood","authors":"Jesse Favis, Bruno Monteiro Balboni, C. Brand Wessels","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02050-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02050-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gluing wood in the wet state can reduce warping, splitting, and increase processing volume recovery. Adhesive open time and moisture content may play an important role in bond line strength, but there are no specifications for wet wood bonding. Wood specimens at two different moisture contents were glued with three polyurethane adhesives and tested in shear on the bond line. Open time of 15 min was superior to 4 and 40 min. All adhesives performed better when wood was glued at 30% moisture content than at 101%, but only the 15- and 40-min open time met the minimum shear requirement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 2","pages":"557 - 560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02050-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Marciszewska, Andrzej Szczepkowski, Hubert Lachowicz, Andrzej Antczak, Dominika Szadkowska, Jakub Suchodolski
{"title":"The physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of black cherry tree wood (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and its susceptibility to fungal decomposition in areas where it is secondary and invasive: a case study in the Kampinos National Park (Poland)","authors":"Katarzyna Marciszewska, Andrzej Szczepkowski, Hubert Lachowicz, Andrzej Antczak, Dominika Szadkowska, Jakub Suchodolski","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02026-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02026-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The properties of black cherry mature wood (<i>Prunus serotina</i> Ehrh.) and its susceptibility to fungal decay were studied in the invaded range of the species on six trees aged between 39 and 47 years old growing in poor, acidic soils with varying levels of moisture and organic carbon and nitrogen content. Wood from trees that grew in wetter and richer soil had better physical properties. Of the 95 parameters analyzed, 80 showed significant differences in favor of this wood. These differences included wider rings that averaged 3.25 mm, a higher density of 662.71 kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 12% humidity, and 1.5 times higher content of extractives. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 44 extractives. Out of these, six had antifungal properties and were found in the wood of trees grown in richer soil, corresponding to 62.93% of the peaks area of all identified substances. Only three were found in trees grown in poorer soil, corresponding to 8.68% of the peaks area respectively. The wood of trees grown in more fertile soil was also less prone to fungal decay, which was generally low. Only <i>Trametes versicolor</i> caused a mass loss of more than 10% of the wood in both sites out of the four basidiomycete species tested. The results indicate that even slight variations in soil fertility and moisture can benefit black cherry, leading to differences in wood features and properties in its exotic range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"683 - 701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-023-02026-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Langella, M. Mikulijan, L. Han, M. Zouari, D. B. DeVallance
{"title":"Modification of wood via biochar particle impregnation","authors":"T. Langella, M. Mikulijan, L. Han, M. Zouari, D. B. DeVallance","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02032-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02032-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) densification was performed on <i>Picea abies</i> (spruce), <i>Abies alba</i> (European fir), <i>Populus nigra</i> (poplar), and <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (beech). Prior to THM treatment, the wood was impregnated with an aqueous solution containing 1%, 2.5%, and 5% biochar. Mechanical characteristics (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture), set-recovery, and contact angle were measured and compared for all samples in relation to the percentage of biochar present in the mixture. Impregnation with biochar/water mixture in combination with THM treatment resulted in densified wood with improved properties. Spruce showed the most notable improvement in water resistance, in addition to having the largest reduction in set-recovery at 57% and the highest contact angle value at 120°. There was also significant improvement in the mechanical properties of spruce wood, especially when impregnated with 2.5% and 5% of biochar, with MOE values of 17.09 and 18.61 GPa and MOR values of 190.47 and 176.41 MPa, respectively. The only comparable values were observed in beech impregnated with 2.5% biochar mixture, with a MOR value of 204.6 MPa. These findings highlight the effectiveness of biochar-enhanced impregnation together with THM treatment in improving the structural and mechanical properties of wood, with distinct improvements observed in spruce and a few improvements in beech.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"773 - 783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-023-02032-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning-based non-destructive testing model for high precision and stable evaluation of mechanical properties in bamboo-wood composites","authors":"Bingzhen Wang, Shini Nong, Licheng Pan, Guanglin You, Zongheng Li, Jianping Sun, Shaohong Shi","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02035-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02035-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient evaluation of mechanical performance of bamboo-wood composites (BWCs) is an important part for their development and application. To address the issues of low efficiency, high consumables usage, and low accuracy in traditional BWC mechanical performance testing, a non-destructive testing method for BWC mechanical performance was proposed based on machine learning. First, the images of the cross-section and longitudinal sections of the BWCs were collected. Then, a UNet-based image-segmentation model was used to segment the bamboo, wood, and holes in the cross-section. Additionally, the image features, including texture, frequency, and spatial characteristics of the BWC were extracted using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), db wavelet, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Gabor filtering. Finally, the results of image segmentation and feature extraction served as inputs, and the corresponding mechanical performance parameters as outputs to build the dataset that informs the artificial neural networks (ANNs) model predicting the mechanical properties of BWCs. The research results show that the accuracy, mean intersection-over-union (MIoU), and Kappa coefficient of the image segmentation model are 0.9586, 0.8242, and 0.9125, respectively. In predicting the elastic modulus (MOE) and static bending strength (MOR) of the BWC using ANNs, the coefficient of determination (R) values were found to be 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. Besides, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the ANNs was 11.6% and 7.4% for MOE and MOR, respectively. These results indicate that machine learning methods demonstrated superior precision, accuracy, and stability for predicting the mechanical properties of BWCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"621 - 633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of resin removal and fixation of radiata pine wood by microwave-superheated steam treatment","authors":"Huimin Cao, Saisai Huang, Fan Zhou, Xin Gao, Songlin Yi, Yongdong Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02038-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02038-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radiata pine is a valuable resource for construction and furniture manufacturing. However, its heartwood, which has a high resin content (RC), is limited in its applications. This is because the exudation of resin can cause issues such as unsightly appearance, degumming, or paint bubbling, posing a significant challenge to its use. Hence, the heartwood of radiata pine was taken as the research object, and the resin in wood removed and fixed by microwave-superheated steam (MS) treatment was studied. The moisture content (MC), RC, relative content of turpentine, and the anti-resin-exudation performance were determined; the changes in the morphology of resin in the resin canals, the Young's modulus of the latewood cell wall, and the chemical composition were analyzed. The findings show that MS can remove some of the pine resin in the wood, but not all. Microscopic observations confirmed that some resin remained in the resin canals of the MS treatment samples. In addition, the turpentine content decreased dramatically after MS treatment. For instance, the average turpentine content of latewood in samples after treatment at 120 °C was reduced to 9.7%, only 0.3% after treatment at 140 °C, and no turpentine was detected after treatment at 160 °C. This may explain why the wood after MS treatment showed good anti-resin-exudation, as the volatilization of turpentine would lead to the increase in softening point and thermal stability of resin. In addition, the Young's modulus of latewood cell wall increased with superheated steam (SS) treatment temperature. The resin was oxidized, dehydrogenated, and isomerized after MS treatment. These findings confirmed that MS treatment improves the anti-resin-exudation performance of radiata pine by increasing the softening point of residual resin and fixing it inside the wood. Through this strategy, the treated radiata pine heartwood shows greater potential for application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"785 - 796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiuping Jiang, Jan Van den Bulcke, Liselotte De Ligne, Joris Van Acker
{"title":"Biological durability and moisture dynamics of untreated and thermally modified poplar","authors":"Xiuping Jiang, Jan Van den Bulcke, Liselotte De Ligne, Joris Van Acker","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02033-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02033-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross laminated timber (CLT) and glue laminated timber (glulam or GLT) are gaining attention given their use in high-rise buildings as climate mitigation concept. In most cases softwood is used to manufacture these engineered wood products, yet fast-growing and widespread hardwood species such as hybrid poplar have potential to meet the increasing demand. In addition to the mechanical performance, it is also key to investigate the fungal susceptibility and moisture dynamics of poplar, to gain insight into the service life of engineered poplar products. This paper therefore investigates the fungal decay resistance, as well as the moisture sorption properties of (thermally modified) hybrid poplar clones and Norway spruce. Fungal decay resistance was tested using the mini-block test. Moisture dynamics were evaluated using a floating test and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). A higher fungal decay resistance and a significant decrease of moisture sorption was observed for thermally modified poplar. Our results show that the overall moisture properties of poplar and spruce are similar and that differences among the poplar clones are negligible, demonstrating the potential of poplar wood for engineered wood products. Together with findings on the mechanical properties in the literature, these results on durability and moisture performance give extra support for the potential utilization of poplar CLT in constructions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"703 - 715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139495794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat release rate of oriented strand board through cone calorimetry test: a numerical analysis","authors":"Saad Sulttan, Hafezeh Nabipour, Sohrab Rohani","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02036-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02036-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding oriented strand board combustion enhances safety guidelines and widens its uses with effective fire protection. This study developed a comprehensive mathematical model for the combustion of oriented strand board through cone calorimetry tests to accurately predict the heat release rate using COMSOL Multiphysics®. The model incorporates a kinetic mechanism for multi-step consecutive reactions, the formation of growing char, as well as mass and heat transport phenomena occurring during the oriented strand board combustion. Upon subjecting oriented strand board to heat, it undergoes combustion, resulting in the production of gas and char as the primary decomposition products. This char layer serves as a protective barrier, shielding the underlying material from further combustion. Additionally, increasing heat flux resulted in a higher heat release peak and a reduced time to ignition, indicating a significant influence of heat flow during fire initiation and promotion stages. Moreover, higher heat flux led to a shorter flame burning duration and accelerated the sample's burning rate. Increasing gas diffusivity through the char raises the peak heat release rate and shifts the plateau region upwards. Similarly, reducing char thickness boosts the peak heat release rate. The validation process showed a satisfactory agreement between the three datasets, supporting the accuracy of the numerical methodology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"871 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basalt grid reinforcement of wood-based panels","authors":"Aaron Kilian Mayer, Carsten Mai","doi":"10.1007/s00107-023-02040-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-023-02040-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By using basalt fibers as reinforcement materials, high performance particleboards could be produced by the wood-based panel industry. Due to the high strength of basalt fibers, the strength-to-weight ratio can be significantly increased, which would allow the use of these particleboards (PB) in high-load-bearing applications. In this study, a basalt grid with a grammage of 200 g m<sup>−2</sup> was implemented to reinforce PB and oriented strand boards (OSB). OSB were bonded with polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), while pMDI as well as melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) and urea–formaldehyde resin (UF) were used for the PB. The target densities of the panel variants were 580, 650 and 720 kg m<sup>−3</sup>. The determination of the mechanical properties showed that the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were increased up to 100% and 44% respectively, compared to panels without basalt grids. At the same time, the addition of the basalt reinforcement layer did not cause a decrease in internal bond strength (IB). Thus, the usage of basalt grid as a reinforcement material could be a good possibility to produce high-load-bearing panels without increasing the density of the PB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"82 3","pages":"669 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}