European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Research on mechanical properties and fire resistance of flame-retardant laminated veneer lumber fabricated with fast-growing poplar","authors":"Zhekui Cui,&nbsp;Qing Chun,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Boxu Lin,&nbsp;Jian Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02158-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02158-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To fully utilize Chinese fast-growing timber resources, fast-growing poplar was selected for manufacturing flame-retardant laminated veneer lumber (FRLVL). Firstly, orthogonal experiments were conducted to assess the impact of four factors (hot-pressing time, hot-pressing temperature, retardant concentration, and retardant types) on the mechanical properties and burning behavior of FRLVL. Subsequently, optimal manufacturing parameters were chosen based on statistical analysis. Finally, the fire performance of LVL manufactured with the optimal parameters was evaluated to investigate changes in physical–mechanical properties under high-temperature conditions. Results indicated that the addition of retardants led to a decrease in mechanical properties. In comparison to the control group, LVL impregnated with two retardants exhibited higher limited oxygen index and longer fireproof time, with the effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) surpassing those of borax (BX). The optimal manufacturing parameters were a hot-pressing temperature of 140 °C, a hot-pressing time of 1.3 min/mm, and concentrations of 15%. As the temperature increased, the mechanical properties of LVL manufactured with the optimal parameters decreased noticeably. However, under the conditions of a temperature of 200 °C and a treatment time of 90 min, the mechanical properties of LVL still met the LVL-32P grade proposed in LVL handbook.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crafting pixels in wood: understanding the interplay of technologies and visual perception in wooden photo engraving","authors":"Martin Jurek,&nbsp;Renata Wagnerová,&nbsp;Michal Šafář,&nbsp;Sujit Bidhar","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02172-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02172-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper delves into the realm of laser engraving of photographs on wooden surfaces and explores the differences between mathematical and human perception. A comprehensive quality study was conducted to explore the results achieved by 27 different realizations. The evaluation process involves both objective analyses and subjective assessments from hundreds of ratings of 60 evaluators, with the aim of unravelling the intricate interplay between technology and visual perception. The study also poses the intriguing question of whether the image most accurately transferred onto a wooden surface is also the most favourably perceived by potential customers and what are their preferences for laser engraved products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02172-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delignification treatment of birch veneer for manufacturing of highly curved laminated veneer lumber (LVL)","authors":"Fuqi Feng,&nbsp;Jiangling Bai,&nbsp;Jinda Peng,&nbsp;Lei He,&nbsp;Fangfang Liu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Ma,&nbsp;Guowei Da,&nbsp;Chenzhuo Wei,&nbsp;Jiuli Lei,&nbsp;Juqing Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02171-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02171-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood is an eco-friendly and renewable natural material. However, it cannot be easily shaped for curved products with mold-pressing technology while maintaining its intrinsic properties. In this study, different delignification treatments (acid, alkali, and combined acid–alkali) were applied to birch veneer for the manufacturing of highly curved laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The physical properties, including color, shrinkage, density, and mass loss, of treated birch veneers changed significantly after the delignification treatment. Characterization of lignin content and FTIR showed partial removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The crystallinity of treated birch veneer, calculated from XRD data, increased due to the reduction of the non-crystalline regions. SEM demonstrated that birch veneer and acid-treated veneer contain many hollow vessel structures and fibers, while alkali-treated and acid–alkali-treated veneers observed completely closed fibers. The magnified examination of alkali-treated birch veneer reveals a completed and smoothed crease, whereas acid–alkali-treated veneers exhibit rough creases with loose fibers. In contrast, untreated birch veneer and acid-treated veneers tend to fracture upon folding. Finally, highly curved LVL with minimal angles of 30° was prepared with alkali-treated veneers. Compressive performance increases from 8.7 MPa for curved LVL with angles of 120° to 19.8 MPa for curved LVL with angles of 30°. These findings could be used to manufacture shaped furniture, irregular building formwork, reconstituted decorative lumber and automobile interiors in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02171-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on effects of preheating enhancement process on the strength of ultra-thin fiberboard slabs by orthogonal analysis","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Liang Chang,&nbsp;Lulu An,&nbsp;Wenjing Guo,&nbsp;Qiheng Tang","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02157-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02157-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultra-thin fiberboard (UTF) is a wood-based panel produced through a hot-pressing process. UTF can be directly applied as a decorative veneer on curved walls or panels, significantly expanding the range of applications for fiberboard and increasing its added value. Due to its thickness, UTF is flexible and malleable, making it a suitable alternative to wood veneer as the outer layer of plywood. Additionally, UTF effectively mitigates the cracking commonly caused by the anisotropy of wood veneer. In the UTF production line, there is a gap between the preheating enhancement machine and the continuous-flat press machine. If the ultra-thin fiberboard slab (UTFS) lacks sufficient strength, it is prone to collapsing and fracturing in this gap, leading to production breakdowns. To address this issue, UTFS is preheated prior to continuous hot-pressing to enhance its strength. This study evaluated the effects of preheating temperature, adhesive dosage, and fiber moisture content (MC) on UTFS strength using orthogonal analysis. The results indicated that the optimal UTFS strength was achieved when the preheating temperature was set at 85 °C, the adhesive was 5%, and the fiber moisture content was 12%. This work provides an evaluation basis for adjusting the parameters of the preheating enhancement process and offers theoretical guidance for the industrial production of ultra-thin fiberboard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition and densification by inorganic particles in organic–inorganic hybrid fiberboards to enhance mechanical and flame retardancy performance","authors":"Ying Wu,&nbsp;Li Lu,&nbsp;Hong Cheng,&nbsp;Lei Li,&nbsp;Zhihan Li,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Sha Luo,&nbsp;Ming Liu,&nbsp;Yiqiang Wu,&nbsp;Yan Qing","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02183-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02183-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for fire-resistant wood-based materials has grown in response to the increasing urban population density and the widespread construction of high-rise buildings. Inorganic hybridization is a promising strategy to impart hybrid properties to lignocellulosic composites. However, this approach usually leads to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the resulting composites due to agglomeration of the inorganic particles and insufficient adhesion. In this work, microscopic inorganic particles (ground calcium carbonate, kaolin, fly ash) were pre-mixed with melamine-urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive to solve the agglomeration problem of inorganic particles in organic–inorganic hybrid fiberboards. Additionally, the inclusion of inorganic particles inhibited excessive resin penetration and densified the resulting board, ultimately improving the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the fiberboards. This work provides a straightforward and scalable approach that enables the well-dispersion of inorganic particles and fosters a strong bonding between wood fibers and inorganic particles to produce high-performance organic–inorganic hybrid fiberboards with higher flame retardancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing physical and mechanical properties of single-layer particleboards bonded with canola protein adhesives: impact of production parameters","authors":"Lawrence Tene Tayo,&nbsp;Darshan Shivappa Nayaka,&nbsp;Aldo Joao Cárdenas-Oscanoa,&nbsp;Markus Euring","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02163-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02163-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effects of various production parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of one-layer particleboards bonded with canola protein-based adhesives. Two protein-based adhesive formulations, CPI-B-0 with sodium bisulfate and CPI-N-60 with sodium nitrite crosslinkers, were examined under different conditions: binder content, press temperature, and press time factor. Results indicate that the CPI-N-60 outperformed the CPI-B-0 in terms of internal bonding strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) due to the stronger covalent bonds formed with primary amines present in the protein adhesive. Increasing binder content led to significant improvements in mechanical properties, with the internal bonding and the MOR increasing by 21% and 9% when using 9% binder content over 7% respectively. The press temperature, as well as the press time were found to yield the highest influence on mechanical properties, with higher values resulting in better performance. Increasing the press temperature from 170 °C to 190 °C led to 33% increment in the internal bonding and 20% in the MOR, while 67% and 28% increment was obtained with 210 °C press temperature, respectively. Increasing the press time also led to an increase in the mechanical properties of the particleboards, by almost the same proportions as the effect of press temperature. The interaction effects between production parameters highlighted the importance of optimized conditions for achieving the desired properties. Indeed, under certain press conditions, the CPI-N-60 outperformed the conventional UF K345, achieving an IB value of 0.8 N/mm² over 0.65 N/mm². Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of canola protein-based bio adhesive, with implications for the optimization of the production parameters for better boards’ properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02163-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2,5-dimethylfuran using carbonaceous solid acid catalysts and copper chromite","authors":"Nguyen Thi Hue,&nbsp;Nguyen Hoang Chung,&nbsp;Le Quang Dien,&nbsp;Phan Huy Hoang","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02181-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02181-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) were synthesized from <i>Acacia mangium</i> wood sawdust derived glucose through a multistage process. Initially, the <i>Acacia mangium</i> wood sawdust underwent a sulfate cooking process to extract cellulose, which was subsequently subjected to an enzymatic saccharification to produce a glucose solution. The conversion of glucose into 5-HMF was achieved via catalyzed depolymerization utilizing carbonaceous solid acid sulfonated catalysts prepared from various sources including <i>Acacia mangium</i> wood sawdust, coconut shell, sugarcane bagasse, and lignin derived from <i>Acacia mangium</i> wood sawdust. Subsequently, 2,5-DMF was synthesized from the obtained 5-HMF through hydrogenation at 180 °C for 10 h using copper chromite as a catalyst. The conversion of glucose into 5-HMF using the four types of solid acid catalysts was extensively investigated at 120 °C, with the maximum yield of 5-HMF reaching up to 13–28 wt% of glucose after 3–4 h of reaction time. In the case of 2,5-DMF synthesis, the yield was found to be 45–50 wt% of the 5-HMF produced. The integrated scheme for preparing solid acid catalysts and their application in the synthesis of furans from <i>Acacia mangium</i> wood offers an efficient method for converting lignocellulosic biomass into environmentally friendly catalysts and chemicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of cork features of Erythrina mulungu and Enterolobium gummiferum in view of a potential valorization and conservation of forest species in the Cerrado bioma","authors":"Graciene da Silva Mota,&nbsp;Fernanda Carlota Nery,&nbsp;Elesandra da Silva Araujo,&nbsp;Mário Sérgio Lorenço,&nbsp;Helena Pereira,&nbsp;Fábio Akira Mori","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02159-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02159-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cork in the Cerrado endemic species <i>Erythrina mulungu</i> and <i>Enterolobium gummiferum</i> was characterized here for the first time in relation to structure and anatomical and chemical features, aiming to reconcile Cerrado native species conservation with income generation for local communities through a sustainable forest management. Both barks showed only one circumferential continuous periderm with a substantial cork layer featuring cork rings and characterized by deep longitudinal fractures originating from stem radial growth. The cellular features of both corks agree with the general characteristics of cork tissues regarding arrangement, topology and dimensions. However, in <i>E. gummiferum</i> the earlycork cells appeared radially stretched and with broken cell walls giving rise to higher tissue heterogeneity. Chemically, the corks of <i>E. mulungu</i> and <i>E. gummiferum</i> are characterized by a very high content in extractives (38.4% and 20.3% respectively), a low suberin content (4.7% and 3.9%, respectively), and high lignin content (36.8% and 38.6%, respectively). The ethanol-water extracts showed a low total phenolics content (27.0 and 32.2 mg GAE/g extract respectively). The cellular features confer to the corks of both species protective insulating properties that are important adaptative characteristics to the Cerrado environment. As regards potential applications, the corks may be used in insulation products with low mechanical resistance requirements, while the high content in polar extractives is indicative of a possible extraction pathway for added value compounds although further compositional and activity studies are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4-year assessment of the qualitative characteristics of Slovenian barbecue lump charcoal and its compliance with the EN 1860-2 standard","authors":"Alessio Mencarelli,&nbsp;Darja Stare,&nbsp;Stefano Grigolato,&nbsp;Rosa Greco,&nbsp;Matevž Triplat","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02164-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02164-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of charcoal as a barbecue fuel is a widespread practice around the world. The quality of charcoal is essential to ensure the efficacy and safety of the grilling process. The European standards EN 1860-2:2023 establish the minimum quality requirements for barbecue charcoal for domestic and professional use. Given the significant variability in charcoal production techniques and raw materials, it is crucial to assess whether the commercial products available on the European market comply with standard regulatory requirements. This study evaluated the quality of barbecue charcoal available on the European market over four years: 2020, 2021, 2023, and 2024. A total of 42 charcoal bags were analyzed. Physical and chemical analyses were performed according to the referenced standards. The values obtained were compared with the limits required by the standards. The results revealed a high variability in the qualitative characteristics of charcoal among samples of different brands, both within the same year and in different years. Almost all of the samples analyzed (39) did not meet the standard limits. The most critical factors were low fixed carbon values and granulometry with high percentages of fine and coarse fractions. These findings suggest the need for improved regulations and stricter quality control to mitigate consumer risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A production-oriented review of high-frequency measurement methods for forest products","authors":"Kari Hyll","doi":"10.1007/s00107-024-02176-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-024-02176-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest products measurements based on high-frequency techniques such as microwaves, radio waves or electrical impedance spectroscopy is a growing and maturing field. As high-frequency moisture content meters are being commercialized, the question arises if similar technology can be used to measure additional forest products properties. This review aims to survey literature on high-frequency measurements of properties such as density, spiral grain and heartwood content. Applications to primary forest products such as logs and wood chips are here prioritized over secondary products such as sawn timber and pellets. To promote technical and commercial relevance, the literature search focuses on peer-reviewed and grey literature published within the last twenty years and on commercially available measurement systems. Furthermore, this review focuses on applications under production conditions, taking environmental, logistical, and economic factors into account. High-frequency methods are generally fast, non-destructive, harmless, insensitive to disturbances, and allow for interior inspection and bulk measurement. Disadvantages include high operator skill-level, difficulty in separating frozen and unfrozen material, as well as insufficient studies carried out in a production environment. Moisture content and density measurements are mature applications with high demonstrated accuracy. Spiral grain, knot characterization and bark thickness show potential. The measurement of decay, foreign objects, tree species and chemical analysis of resin or heartwood content need further evaluation, while the measurement of strength properties is unlikely to have sufficient accuracy to compete with other techniques. Promising applications include measurement through large volumes of material, for example in wheel loader buckets or on trucks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-024-02176-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}