Impact of a 2-year environmental exposure on colour, structure and chemistry of cork

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI:10.1007/s00107-024-02155-2

Isabel Miranda, Ana Lourenço, Helena Pereira

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Abstract

A field test with two-year-long exposure of natural cork to aboveground and underground conditions was carried out with analysis of CIELAB colour parameters, cellular features by scanning electron microscopy, and surface chemistry by ATR-FTIR. The impact of weathering and soil burial was different regarding changes in colour and surface chemistry. Under atmospheric exposure to weather, cork was bleached (ΔE* 17.1) mainly due to the photooxidation of lignin by UV-radiation and hemicellulose degradation, with suberin remaining mostly unaffected. With soil burial, cork darkened (ΔE* 19.7) while significant depolymerization and degradation of suberin and hemicelluloses occurred in addition to lignin alteration. Only the external one-cell layer at the surface was affected with some cellular expansion and minute cell wall fractures, while the material maintained its characteristics without damage or deterioration signs. The cork weathering features are indicative that it can be used in outdoor applications such as building façades or external equipment, with only surface colour dynamics to be taken into account.

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2年环境暴露对软木塞颜色、结构和化学的影响

将天然软木暴露在地上和地下条件下进行了为期两年的现场测试，并通过扫描电子显微镜分析了CIELAB颜色参数、细胞特征以及ATR-FTIR分析了表面化学成分。在颜色和表面化学变化方面，风化和土壤掩埋的影响是不同的。在大气中暴露于天气下，软木被漂白（ΔE* 17.1），主要是由于木质素被紫外线辐射光氧化和半纤维素降解，而木质素基本不受影响。随着土壤掩埋，软木变暗（ΔE* 19.7），木质素和半纤维素发生了显著的解聚和降解。只有表面的外部单细胞层受到一些细胞膨胀和微小细胞壁断裂的影响，而材料保持其特性，无损伤或劣化迹象。软木的耐候特性表明，它可以用于室外应用，如建筑外墙或外部设备，只需要考虑表面颜色动态。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 工程技术-材料科学：纸与木材

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

3.80%

发文量

124

审稿时长

6.0 months

期刊介绍： European Journal of Wood and Wood Products reports on original research and new developments in the field of wood and wood products and their biological, chemical, physical as well as mechanical and technological properties, processes and uses. Subjects range from roundwood to wood based products, composite materials and structural applications, with related jointing techniques. Moreover, it deals with wood as a chemical raw material, source of energy as well as with inter-disciplinary aspects of environmental assessment and international markets. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products aims at promoting international scientific communication and transfer of new technologies from research into practice.