Vilius Gendvilas, David J. Lee, Geoffrey M. Downes, Marco Lausberg, Jonathan J. Harrington
{"title":"阻力钻:针磨损的影响","authors":"Vilius Gendvilas, David J. Lee, Geoffrey M. Downes, Marco Lausberg, Jonathan J. Harrington","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02332-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semi-non-destructive drilling resistance instruments have been widely adopted for timber testing and forestry for wood quality assessments. The accuracy of a drilling resistance tool for predicting wood density may be affected by needle (drill) wear, and there is limited information regarding the wear behaviour of drill bits in wood resistance drilling. It is unknown when changes in needle sharpness and diameter become critical for quantifying wood density. To measure the effect of Resi needle wear, an IML Resi PD 500 was used to obtain cross-sectional traces of Southern Pine (<i>Pinus elliottii</i> var. <i>elliottii</i> (Engelm) × <i>Pinus caribaea</i> var. <i>hondurensis</i> (Sénéclauze)) average outerwood density: 519 kg/m³ and Spotted Gum (<i>Corymbia citriodora</i> subsp. <i>variegata</i> (F. Muell.)) average outerwood density: 779 kg/m³ logs. Southern Pine was tested with feed speeds of 200 cm/min at 3500 rpm and 100 cm/min at 5000 rpm. Spotted Gum was tested with a feed speed of 70 cm/min at 5000 rpm. A new needle was used for each setting. The effect of needle wear was tested after 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 m of drilling depth. There was no effect on drilling resistance values up to 600 m of drilling length with feed speed 200 cm/min and 3500 rpm settings for Southern Pine. This would result in 2000 drilling measurements of 30 cm diameter trees. With alternative setting for Southern Pine with a setting of 100 cm/min feed speed and 5000 rpm, the increase in amplitudes was not significant until 300 m of drilling, after which, at 400 m, the amplitude increased by 2% (9.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), and after 600 m, the amplitude increased by 3.1% (15.2 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). For the hardwood Spotted Gum, the amplitude decreased by 0.9% (2.3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) after 100 m, and after 300 m, the amplitude decreased by 3.3% (8.2 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). After 300 m, it was not possible to drill Spotted Gum due to extensive needle wear. The study highlighted the importance of needle wear in resistance drilling, providing guidance for reliable needle use to improve measurement accuracy and wood quality assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02332-x.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Resistance drilling: the effect of needle wear\",\"authors\":\"Vilius Gendvilas, David J. Lee, Geoffrey M. Downes, Marco Lausberg, Jonathan J. Harrington\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00107-025-02332-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Semi-non-destructive drilling resistance instruments have been widely adopted for timber testing and forestry for wood quality assessments. The accuracy of a drilling resistance tool for predicting wood density may be affected by needle (drill) wear, and there is limited information regarding the wear behaviour of drill bits in wood resistance drilling. It is unknown when changes in needle sharpness and diameter become critical for quantifying wood density. To measure the effect of Resi needle wear, an IML Resi PD 500 was used to obtain cross-sectional traces of Southern Pine (<i>Pinus elliottii</i> var. <i>elliottii</i> (Engelm) × <i>Pinus caribaea</i> var. <i>hondurensis</i> (Sénéclauze)) average outerwood density: 519 kg/m³ and Spotted Gum (<i>Corymbia citriodora</i> subsp. <i>variegata</i> (F. Muell.)) average outerwood density: 779 kg/m³ logs. Southern Pine was tested with feed speeds of 200 cm/min at 3500 rpm and 100 cm/min at 5000 rpm. Spotted Gum was tested with a feed speed of 70 cm/min at 5000 rpm. A new needle was used for each setting. The effect of needle wear was tested after 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 m of drilling depth. There was no effect on drilling resistance values up to 600 m of drilling length with feed speed 200 cm/min and 3500 rpm settings for Southern Pine. This would result in 2000 drilling measurements of 30 cm diameter trees. With alternative setting for Southern Pine with a setting of 100 cm/min feed speed and 5000 rpm, the increase in amplitudes was not significant until 300 m of drilling, after which, at 400 m, the amplitude increased by 2% (9.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), and after 600 m, the amplitude increased by 3.1% (15.2 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). For the hardwood Spotted Gum, the amplitude decreased by 0.9% (2.3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) after 100 m, and after 300 m, the amplitude decreased by 3.3% (8.2 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). After 300 m, it was not possible to drill Spotted Gum due to extensive needle wear. The study highlighted the importance of needle wear in resistance drilling, providing guidance for reliable needle use to improve measurement accuracy and wood quality assessment.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":550,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products\",\"volume\":\"83 5\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02332-x.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-025-02332-x\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"FORESTRY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-025-02332-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Semi-non-destructive drilling resistance instruments have been widely adopted for timber testing and forestry for wood quality assessments. The accuracy of a drilling resistance tool for predicting wood density may be affected by needle (drill) wear, and there is limited information regarding the wear behaviour of drill bits in wood resistance drilling. It is unknown when changes in needle sharpness and diameter become critical for quantifying wood density. To measure the effect of Resi needle wear, an IML Resi PD 500 was used to obtain cross-sectional traces of Southern Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (Engelm) × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénéclauze)) average outerwood density: 519 kg/m³ and Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (F. Muell.)) average outerwood density: 779 kg/m³ logs. Southern Pine was tested with feed speeds of 200 cm/min at 3500 rpm and 100 cm/min at 5000 rpm. Spotted Gum was tested with a feed speed of 70 cm/min at 5000 rpm. A new needle was used for each setting. The effect of needle wear was tested after 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 m of drilling depth. There was no effect on drilling resistance values up to 600 m of drilling length with feed speed 200 cm/min and 3500 rpm settings for Southern Pine. This would result in 2000 drilling measurements of 30 cm diameter trees. With alternative setting for Southern Pine with a setting of 100 cm/min feed speed and 5000 rpm, the increase in amplitudes was not significant until 300 m of drilling, after which, at 400 m, the amplitude increased by 2% (9.8 kg/m3), and after 600 m, the amplitude increased by 3.1% (15.2 kg/m3). For the hardwood Spotted Gum, the amplitude decreased by 0.9% (2.3 kg/m3) after 100 m, and after 300 m, the amplitude decreased by 3.3% (8.2 kg/m3). After 300 m, it was not possible to drill Spotted Gum due to extensive needle wear. The study highlighted the importance of needle wear in resistance drilling, providing guidance for reliable needle use to improve measurement accuracy and wood quality assessment.
期刊介绍:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products reports on original research and new developments in the field of wood and wood products and their biological, chemical, physical as well as mechanical and technological properties, processes and uses. Subjects range from roundwood to wood based products, composite materials and structural applications, with related jointing techniques. Moreover, it deals with wood as a chemical raw material, source of energy as well as with inter-disciplinary aspects of environmental assessment and international markets.
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products aims at promoting international scientific communication and transfer of new technologies from research into practice.