European Journal of Wood and Wood Products最新文献

{"title":"Tropical wood acoustics: impregnation effects on Cajuput, Mangium, and Mango woods for sustainable building materials","authors":"Sarawut Chulok,&nbsp;Pirasak Auppawirot,&nbsp;Montre Bunpha,&nbsp;Krittamet Daoreung,&nbsp;Nawarat Seetapong,&nbsp;Purintorn Chanlert","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02274-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02274-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the acoustic properties of three tropical woods—Cajuput (<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i>), Mangium (<i>Acacia mangium</i>), and Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>)—as sustainable materials for sound absorption. The wood samples were prepared in a standardized cylindrical shape, impregnated with zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), engine oil (EO), or coconut oil (CO), and subjected to heat treatment at 105 °C for 3 h. Acoustic analyses using an impedance tube revealed that CO treatment notably enhanced the Sound Absorption Average (SAA), with Cajuput wood showing a remarkable 53% improvement. Sound absorption performance varied across frequency ranges, with EO and CO treatments notably improving low, medium, and high-frequency bands in most woods, while ZnCl₂ exhibited less pronounced effects. However, all treatments reduced Sound Transmission Loss (STL), indicating a trade-off between sound absorption and insulation properties. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA confirmed the significant influence of wood type and treatment on acoustic performance across all parameters. These findings underscore the potential of tropical woods, particularly when treated with eco-friendly substance like coconut oil, as sustainable acoustic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of technological parameters of CNC milling of plywood depending on surface roughness","authors":"Lukáš Adamčík,&nbsp;Veronika Šugárová,&nbsp;Richard Kminiak,&nbsp;Jarmila Schmidtová,&nbsp;Adrián Banski,&nbsp;Peter Galajda","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02272-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02272-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attaining optimal milling conditions in industrial applications presents a significant challenge. This paper investigates the influence of feed speed and rotational speed in CNC milling on plywood surface quality. Furthermore, it aims to optimize these parameters to minimize surface roughness and associated defects. The roughness parameters (<i>R</i>a, <i>R</i>z, <i>R</i>p and <i>R</i>v) were quantified using a Keyence VHX-7000 digital microscope. In addition to surface roughness analysis, delamination of veneers and the origins of surface irregularities were microscopically analysed. The polynomial regression models for <i>R</i>a and <i>R</i>z were subsequently developed to identify optimal milling conditions. At rotational speed of 20,000 rpm and at feed speed of 10 m min⁻¹ the lowest roughness was achieved. However, very rough fuzzy surface with kinematic traces of the tool, delaminated veneers and torn fibres had occurred at rotational speed of 12,000 rpm and at feed speed of 18 m min⁻¹. These results were supported by investigating the effect of feed per tooth and chip thickness on surface roughness. The highest coefficient of determination was observed between feed per tooth or chip thickness and <i>R</i>p parameter. The main outcome of this paper was the identification of the most optimal combinations of technological parameters, considering the overall condition of the plywood surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02272-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a catechol-polyamine co-deposition method for silane grafting of bamboo fiber for improved interface compatibility with poly (lactic acid) matrix","authors":"Mustapha Boukhir,&nbsp;Wanzhao Wang,&nbsp;Zhenghao Chen,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Shuangbao Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Song","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02270-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02270-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we enhanced the hydrophobicity of bamboo fiber (BF) surface using a mussel-inspired method. The surface of the BF was coated by a thin layer of polymerized catechol/polyamine, which was then used as a platform to carry out the grafting of three silane coupling agents (KH550, KH560 and KH570) using two commonly used silane modification methods (surface spraying method and immersion stirring method). Then the modified BF was used as a reinforcement of Poly-lactic acid <b>(</b>PLA) matrix to prepare a fully biodegradable composite. Composites made of BF modified by immersion stirring modification method showed better mechanical results compared to those made of BF modified by surface spraying method for the three silane coupling agents. Moreover, the impregnation stirring method/KH570 combination showed the best mechanical and thermal results. Furthermore, an appropriate amount of silane coupling agent KH570 can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the composites. With the increase of KH570 dosage, the mechanical properties of the composite showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the KH570 dosage was 1%, the tensile test and modulus, the bending test and modulus, and the impact strength reached their maximum values of 90.96 MPa, 5743 MPa, 74.96 MPa, 3822 MPa and 11.33 MPa respectively, which is 7.4%, 6.7%, 9.5%, 10.6% and 7.8% higher compared to the composite without KH570. This indicates that the grafting of KH570 onto the surface of the BF had significantly enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the BF and the PLA matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of shank-containing screws to provide the adhesion pressure needed during CLT manufacturing using young Eucalyptus wood","authors":"Bruno M. Balboni,&nbsp;Jesse Favis,&nbsp;Johannes van Schalkwyk,&nbsp;Michele Brunetti,&nbsp;Michela Nocetti,&nbsp;C. Brand Wessels","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02273-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02273-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last two decades, wood has regained relevance in the construction industry of Europe, mainly driven by the adoption of cross laminated timber (CLT). This trend has reached other regions, but specially in developing countries this demand is facing a bottleneck: the high costs of the equipment for CLT manufacturing and the skilled labour to operate it. This study has the objective to test CLT samples manufactured with a novel and simple method using shank containing screws to generate pressure for the adhesion of layers. Three screw densities were used (30, 50 and 100 screws m⁻²) and compared to control samples (manufactured in a press under 0.5 MPa). Screws generated an average load of 0.85 kN and the interaction of wood and thread seemed more important than the interaction of wood with the head. All treatments met the shear strength on the glue line requirements from standards, with equivalent average values, approximately 3 MPa. Only the control treatment met the technical standard requirements for total and maximum delamination (10 and 40%) or minimum and average wood failure (50 and 70%). The 50 screws m⁻² treatment was close to meeting one of the delamination requirements, 40% maximum delamination. Although not fulfilling all the requirements, the CLT standard considers the use for high-rise buildings and the proposed method could be adopted for less demanding applications, such as single and double storey residences. Changes can be made on the manufacturing parameters to decrease the delamination, starting from the adhesive used and the screw geometry. With more research, the new method described can unlock the adoption of CLT in less developed regions that will be beneficial for the local economy since the forest and timber industry can generate many jobs and promote the adoption of wood buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02273-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-relative molar mass is a new parameter for experimentation with different biomasses. Prediction of higher heating value case study","authors":"Andrzej Białowiec,&nbsp;Ewa Syguła","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02269-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02269-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The higher heating value (HHV) prediction is an important aspect of biomass management. Numerous empirical models based on the elemental composition of biomass have been proposed; however, their predictive accuracy often remains limited, with coefficients of determination typically around 80%. This paper presents a new parameter, the carbon-relative molar mass (CRMM) of biomass, for predicting HHV. Randomly generated data on the elemental composition and ash content of biomass were used for model parameters determination. Experimental data of lignocellulosic biomass components and biochar samples were used for model validation. The CRMM predominantly depends on the carbon and oxygen content when randomly chosen data are used. However, for real biomass and biochar samples, the influence of hydrogen and sulfur increases. A polynomial model for determining CRMM with an R (Awasthi et al. Fuel 342:127790, 2023) value of 0.9886 is proposed. Mathematical models describing the influence of CRMM on HHVdaf were developed. A very strong dependence of the analytically determined HHVdaf on CRMM was found, with an explanation rate close to 86%. This value is higher than those of typical empirical models based on the elemental composition of biomass. This promising discovery warrants further study with a wider range of biomass types and other solid fuels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02269-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of NIR spectroscopy and colour measurements for the classification of radiata pine timber thermally modified over a narrow temperature range","authors":"Armin Thumm,&nbsp;Rosie Sargent,&nbsp;Steven Dovey,&nbsp;Tripti Singh,&nbsp;Catherine Nicholson,&nbsp;Christina Howat,&nbsp;Joel Kidgell,&nbsp;Simon Hinkley","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02268-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02268-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The New Zealand Building Code is unique in the world in having prescribed durability requirements for all building elements, including interior timber such as flooring. Heavy metal preservatives are still used extensively for this purpose, despite being banned in many other countries. Thermal modification of wood increases timber durability without relying on chemical additives. This involves heating the wood in a carefully controlled environment with the modification settings being specific to the process and the species. Thermal modification induces chemical changes in the wood structure that can be identified using spectroscopy. Correlation of chemical changes to specific processing conditions for a particular wood species may then enable independent verification of the modification temperature. This is a crucial aspect of product compliance with the New Zealand Building Code. Without being able to verify the modification temperature, evidence of compliance with these stringent durability requirements is extremely difficult. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was investigated as a tool for developing a quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) methodology, to ascertain the claimed heat treatment levels have been applied to thermally modified timber products. NIR spectroscopy is also compared to techniques based on colour changes of heat-treated timber. It was found that a predictive classification model, based on NIR spectra from solid wood surfaces, was able to predict 100% correctly the 3 treatment levels of thermally modified timber used in this study (210 °C, 220 °C, 230 °C). It was superior to a L*, a*, and b* colour model (87% correct) and a visible colourimetry spectrum model (95% correct). </p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02268-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an anisotropic damage model for orthotropic quasi-brittle materials: application to wood","authors":"Amal Rebhi,&nbsp;Myriam Chaplain,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Coureau","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02267-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02267-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study is to develop a numerical model for the analysis of damage mechanisms in wood and the characterization of its fracture behavior. The initial phase of the process entails a comprehensive examination of extant damage models for quasi-brittle isotropic materials, with a view to adapting them to the distinctive characteristics of wood. The proposed model incorporates the orthotropic of wood, its anisotropic characteristics, and its asymmetric behavior under different loading modes in relation to the longitudinal fiber axis (grain direction). Furthermore, the model incorporates a range of fracture criteria, based on the specific properties of this material. Validation of the model is achieved through a series of experimental tests on defect-free wood, including compression and direct tension tests, as well as fracture tests in modes I and II. These tests allow for the determination of the requisite parameters for model calibration and, moreover, for the comparison of the model’s predictions with experimental data, thereby evaluating its capacity to replicate wood behavior under various loading conditions. The results demonstrate that the model accurately reflects wood behavior across the various loading cases tested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood-steel hybrid beams for electric vehicle battery housings: a comparative study with aluminum profiles in bending load case","authors":"Sebastian Wurm,&nbsp;Markus Wagner,&nbsp;Georg Baumann,&nbsp;Kevin Vitzthum,&nbsp;Harald Sehrschön,&nbsp;Thomas Krenke,&nbsp;Florian Feist","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02261-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02261-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The automotive industry faces mounting pressure to reduce its environmental footprint, particularly in the electric vehicle (EV) era. While EVs mitigate tailpipe emissions, the production of energy-intensive components like aluminum remains a sustainability challenge. Battery housings, critical to structural integrity and crash safety, traditionally rely on extruded aluminum profiles for their outer frames. This study proposes a sustainable alternative: wood-steel hybrid profiles for EV battery housing applications. Quasi-static three-point bending tests were performed on hybrid beams with distinct wood cores (birch, poplar, and paulownia) encased in rectangular profiles made from high-strength complex-phase steel sheets. Performance metrics—including maximum force, bending stiffness, and specific energy absorption—were evaluated and compared to numerical simulations of mass-equivalent three-chambered aluminum beams (ductile EN AW 6061-O and high-strength EN AW 6061-T6), which serve as simplified analogues of real-world extrusion profiles. Results demonstrate that wood-steel hybrid beams outperform ductile aluminum counterparts, with poplar- and birch-core hybrids achieving 88% higher peak forces and 98% greater energy absorption. Paulownia-steel hybrids exhibited moderate improvements, delivering 60% higher peak forces and 34% greater energy absorption. Compared to high-strength EN AW 6061-T6, hybrids matched peak forces and energy absorption at low intrusion levels but provided 76% higher energy absorption under large deformations. This research highlights the potential of wood-steel hybrids to enhance crash safety while significantly reducing the carbon footprint of vehicle structures. By leveraging renewable materials and surpassing the performance of conventional alternatives, these hybrid beams offer a compelling solution for advancing sustainable automotive design, particularly in key components such as EV battery housings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02261-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and thermogravimetric characterization of chestnut tree biomass waste: towards sustainable resource utilization in the tannin industry","authors":"Jasmina Jusic,&nbsp;Tommaso Giannoni,&nbsp;Florian Zikeli,&nbsp;Swati Tamantini,&nbsp;Valeria Pierpaoli,&nbsp;Marco Barbanera,&nbsp;Miha Grilc,&nbsp;Giorgio Tofani,&nbsp;Manuela Romagnoli","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02262-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02262-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sweet chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.) is a key European species, with Italy playing a crucial role in its forest cover and timber production. Chestnut wood processing generates significant residues,with approximately 40% waste at the sawmill stage alone. A major portion of this waste, including that from fruit tree plantations, is used in the tannin extraction industry, exemplifying a circular economy model. This study analyzed exhausted chestnut wood from the tannin industry, virgin wood (prior to tannin extraction), detannized wood (after tannin removal), and chestnut bark, which is separated before the tannin extraction process. The study assessed both the chemical composition and extractives content of the samples. FTIR analysis revealed structural modifications, with key spectral shifts (1640, 1420, 1240, and 1120 cm⁻¹) indicating enhanced aromatic conjugation after extractive removal. TGA analysis showed that detannized wood degraded faster at high temperatures, suggesting better combustibility and biofuel potential, while lignin-rich residues demonstrated greater thermal stability, making them suitable for insulation and biocomposite applications. These findings support optimizing waste utilization, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing resource efficiency. By promoting innovative uses for tannin industry byproducts, this research contributes to sustainability and strengthens circular economy strategies within the forest-wood sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of sweet chestnut sawn wood and glulam performance","authors":"Carlos Martins,&nbsp;Cláudio Ferreira,&nbsp;Sandra R. S. Monteiro,&nbsp;Alfredo M. P. G. Dias","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02266-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02266-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sweet chestnut sawn wood is commonly found on ancient buildings across Europe. This is also evident in Portugal mainly in roof and floor structures. Knowledge about the mechanical properties of this species at that time was scarce, and it was primarily used due to its durability. If large section trees were available back then, this becomes a limitation nowadays. Engineered wood products (EWPs), such as glued laminated timber (glulam) help resolve this problem as thicker elements are used. Nevertheless, EWPs are usually made of softwoods, with standardization focused on these species. Current climate change poses challenges for industries that depend on nature, such as the timber industry. With the availability of softwood species affected, interest in hardwoods arose, and so has research. This paper focuses on experimentally characterizing chestnut sawn wood mechanical properties, such as modulus of elasticity (MOE) and strength of boards subjected to bending and tensile tests. Also, non-destructive characterization through the longitudinal vibration method (LVM) was performed. The average MOE from tension tests was about 13800 MPa, and 11100 MPa from the bending tests (24% lower than the former). The characteristic tensile strength value was 20.5 MPa, and the bending strength was 32.4 MPa. Although chestnut is a hardwood, concerning strength classes it is included in the softwood category, thus T20 and C30 strength classes for tension and bending, respectively, can be assigned. Strong correlations were found for the MOE based on the LVM. A preliminary campaign to evaluate the bending properties of glulam made from chestnut was conducted on ten specimens. A characteristic bending strength of 45.5 MPa was achieved. Good mechanical performance was observed, but enhancements are needed to ensure adequate bonding performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02266-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}